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Kinesiology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Three components of Kinesiology

A

Neuromuscular physiology, musculoskeletal anatomy, biomechanics

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2
Q

Two parts of OT practice framework

A

Domain and Process

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3
Q

Domain of OT

A

Areas of concern - client factors (beliefs), performance skills (motor skills), performance patterns (habits), context (environment)

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4
Q

Process of OT

A

Steps of therapy process - evaluation, intervention, targeting of outcomes

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5
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body into left and right, movement around X axis; seen from the side, flexion and extension (Sax)

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6
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides body into front and back, movement around Z axis, seen from the front, lateral flexion and ab/ad (Froz)

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7
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body into top and bottom, movement around Y axis, seen from the top, pro/supi and int/ext rotation (Thy)

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8
Q

Joint types

A

Synovial and non-synovial

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9
Q

Synovial

A

Bones connected by joint capsule. All have hyaline, joint cavity, synovial fluid, synovial mem.

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10
Q

Non-synovial

A

No joint cavity, bones directly united by conn tissue, little motion. Classified as fibrous or cartilaginous

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11
Q

Three types of non-synovial fibrous joints

A

Synarthrosis (skull), syndesmosis (tibiofibular gap), gomphosis (peg in socket, tooth)

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12
Q

Non-synovial cartilaginous joints

A

Formed by fibrocartilage and/or hyaline (first sternocostal joint)

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13
Q

Uniaxial synovial joint

A

1 degree freedom, such as hinge (concave/convex, elbow) or pivot (one component rotates around other rotates within, atlantoaxial joint

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14
Q

Biaxial synovial joint

A

2 degree, such as condyloid (oval/concave, metacarpals) and saddle (both bones convex in one plane and concave in other, CMC joint of thumb)

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15
Q

Triaxial synovial joint

A

Ball and socket (glenohumeral) and plane joint (sternoclavicular joint)

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16
Q

Origin vs insertion

A

Origin is usually proximal, insertion distal

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17
Q

Two types of Parallel muscles

A

Strap and fusiform

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18
Q

Four types of penniform muscles

A

Unipennate (central tendon fans out, posterior tibialis), bipennate (fan both sides of tendon, quadriceps), multipennate (forms three fans, deltoid), fan shaped (common tendon, pecs).

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19
Q

Excursion

A

Distance from max length to max shortening

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20
Q

Any muscle can be shortened to strictly ___% its resting length and stretched to ~ ___% its resting length and optimal range for contraction is ___x its resting length

A

50 and 150 and 1.2

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21
Q

Active Insufficiency

A

Muscle cannot shorten any farther, occurs in agonist

22
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

Muscle cannot lengthen any farther, occurs in antagonist

23
Q

Tenodesis grasp

A

Functional use of passive insufficiency

24
Q

Co-contraction

A

Agonist and antagonist are working simultaneously

25
Q

Two types of muscle contraction

A

Isotonic (concentric and eccentric) and isometric

26
Q

Isotonic contractions

A

Muscle length and joint angle changes; concentric (muscles shorten and attachments move toward each other, against gravity or faster than gravity like hammering) and eccentric (muscle lengthens and attachments are separating, slower than gravity)

27
Q

All movements are ___ unless movement is ___ and ___

A

concentric, same direction (joint movement and external force are in same direction), slow

28
Q

Isometric co-contraction vs isometric contraction

A

unstable but precise vs stable and highly resistive

29
Q

Fixator/ stabilizer

A

Synergists that stop unwanted movement at fixed end of movement, works in same plane as desired muscle action

30
Q

Neutralizer

A

Synergists that stop unwarned movement at mobile end of movement, works in different plane than agonist

31
Q

Support muscle

A

Synergists that do not work directly at site of agonist, such as erectors that stabilize body while laterally picking up something heavy with one arm

32
Q

Two divisions of biomechanics

A

Kinematics (motion in distance, direction, and time) and kinetics (forces)

33
Q

Translation

A

Linear movement in same time, direction, and same distance; can be rectilinear (straight line) or curvilinear

34
Q

Rotation

A

Angular movement in same time, same direction, different distance, such as flexion/ extension of elbow; most movement is rotary in body

35
Q

Arthrokinematic motion

A

Roll, spin, and glide

36
Q

Roll and slide mechanics perspectives

A

Concave segment perspective: rolling and sliding happen in same direction; convex segment perspective: rolling and sliding happen in opposite directions

37
Q

Open vs closed chain

A

Open is fixed proximal, closed is fixed distal

38
Q

Center of gravity

A

Balance point of body where torque is equal on all sides, on segments it is about 45% of the length from proximal to distal

39
Q

Three types of forces

A

Compression, rotation, or distraction; external or internal

40
Q

Force vectors

A

When calculating effects of force on a joint, use angle between segment and line of pull, not joint angle.

41
Q

If force vector angle is less than 90 deg, there is ___ force on joint; if more than 90 then ___ force; if exactly 90 then ___ force

A

Compressive, distraction, rotational

42
Q

Linear force systems

A

Two or more forces act upon object in same line at roughly same point of application

43
Q

Parallel force systems

A

Two ore more parallel forces act upon same object in same plane at same or opposite direction, never converging, like front points of a back brace

44
Q

Force Couple

A

Two or more forces act with neutralizing force in different directions resulting in turning effect, like steering wheel

45
Q

Concurrent force systems

A

Two or more forces act at common point of application but in divergent directions, like multiple muscles pulling a lever and lever moves between them

46
Q

Torque

A

The ability of a force to cause rotation of lever, it is not a force itself but is the result of force being applied to a point that is able to rotate around an axis; = force * moment arm

47
Q

Moment arm

A

Perpendicular distance from line of pull to axis of rotation

48
Q

Four components of lever

A

Rigid bar, effort force, axis of rotation, resistance force

49
Q

Lever Classes

A

1st: EAR, seesaw 2nd: ARE, wheelbarrow 3rd: AER, tweezers

50
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

Ratio b/w effort arm and resistance arm; = EA/RA; >1 is good like 2nd class.

51
Q

A __ arm changes but a ___ arm never changes

A

Moment, effort

Kinesiology (3 decks)

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