Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Educational Psychology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of Christian Education?

A

A Bible-based, Christ-centered process of leading a learner to Christ, while teaching obedience, knowledge, attitudes, and skills, for effective service for the Lord Jesus Christ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Colossians 2:8

A

Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three things Educational Psychology is concerned with?

A

1) The learner (individual differences, similarities, needs, and spiritual emotional, mental, and physical well-being)
2) The learning situation (group dynamics that affect learning)
3) The learning process (how one learns and how to make learning more effective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the definition of Learning?

A

Any relatively permanent change in behavior or thought that is a result of experience or acquired knowledge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two schools of thought when it comes to learning?

A

Behaviorists and Cognitivist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the definition of Psychology?

A

The study of why people behave as they do;
Psyche = mind, soul
-ology = the study of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition of “Christian Psychology”?

A

Made up of theories and techniques from secular psychology, blended with Christianity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is “mental illness” a valid term? Why or why not?

A

No; the mind isn’t a physical thing, therefore it cannot become ill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is psychology a science? Why or why not?

A

No; psychology is not a science because it’s not observable, repeatable, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 types of Experience?

A

1st Hand—”hands on” (ex.: field experience, practicum, internship)
2nd Hand—watching someone else do it; empirical knowledge (ex.: observing classes)
3rd Hand—reading or hearing about it (ex.: hearing a lecture/sermon, reading a book)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 phases of Learning?

A

Acquisition—(“Acquire”) taking it in
Storage—putting it in memory
Retrieval—recalling info (for a test, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Make sure to study the Teaching-Learning Process graph.

A

Found in Lecture 2 notes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the unlearned responses inborn in man?

A

Reflexes: an unlearned, simple, immediate response to a specific stimulus
Instinct: a complex, unlearned pattern of responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Scriptural Basis for Learning

A
  • Man was created in God’s image.
  • Man has intellect, emotion, and a will.
  • After salvation, man has the ability to understand truth.
  • A saved man has a Christian “World View.”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Discuss Aristotle.

A

Greek philosopher

wrote Doctrine of Intellect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were Aristotle’s 2 Universal Laws of Learning?

A

Association (Contiguity, Similarity, Contrast)

Use of Information (Induction, Deduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 types of Association discussed in Aristotle’s Universal Laws of Learning?

A
  • Contiguity (ideas occurring together in time are associated, ex.: thunder means the lights will go out, tires screeching means a car will crash)
  • Similarity (ideas are linked by likeness or agreement, ex.: turtle taste like chicken, alligator tale taste like pork chops)
  • Contrast (ideas are grouped because they are opposite, ex.: up and down, black and white, over and under, in and out)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 types of Use of Information discussed in Aristotle’s Universal Laws of Learning?

A
  • Induction: reasoning from particular facts/specific instances to a general rule or principle
  • Deduction: reasoning from a general rule to a specific prediction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Discuss Hermann Ebbinghause.

A
  • Best known for studies of memory (rote learning)*
  • First to try to separate philosophy from psychology
  • Studied variable that affect retention (time, type of material, amount of material, and interference)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Discuss Wilhelm Wundt.

A

Structuralism (not followed any more)

Sought to identify the elements of the mind (consciousness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Discuss John Dewey.

A

Functionalism

Adaption to the environment (you are a product of your environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who was the Founder of Scientific Psychology?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who was the Father of Modern Psychology?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who opened the first laboratory of experimental psychology in 1879?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Structuralism sought scientific knowledge through observation of social behavior. How was this theory received?

A

Others rejected this method of data collection because it was not objective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who was the Father of Progressive Education?

A

John Dewey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who believed learning by doing?

A

John Dewey

28
Q

What is “Reflex Circuit” associated with?

A

John Dewey and Functionalism

29
Q

What are the 3 Principles of Functionalism?

A
  • “How” and “Why” of mental processes
  • Psychology of Adjustment
  • Studied mental aspect of how learning takes place
30
Q

Discuss Ivan Pavlov.

A

Classical Conditioning

Learning is basically a matter of developing a response to a stimulus that did not originally call forth that response

31
Q

What is Classical Conditioning?

A

The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a natural stimulus to produce a response.

32
Q

Define Neutral Stimulus (NS).

A

did not previously produce a response

33
Q

Define Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS).

A

normally brings a response

34
Q

Define Unconditioned Response (UCR).

A

natural response to the Unconditioned Stimulus

35
Q

Define Conditioned Stimulus (CS).

A

does not normally bring a response (used to be called Neutral Stimulus)

36
Q

Define Conditioned Response (CR).

A

resulting response (taught)

37
Q

Define Extinction.

A

Conditioned Response disappears after repeatedly presenting Conditioned Stimulus alone after conditioning

38
Q

Define Spontaneous Recovery.

A

present Conditioned Stimulus after a period of extinction and Conditioned Response returns immediately (weaker and disappears more quickly)

39
Q

Discuss Edward Thorndike.

A

Associationism/”Bond Psychology”/Connectionism

Thorndike’s Laws of Learning

40
Q

Who do many believe to be the greatest learning theorist of all time?

A

Edward Thorndike

41
Q

What are Thorndike’s 3 Laws of Learning?

A

1) Law of Readiness
- When someone is ready to perform some act, to do so is satisfying.
- When someone is ready to perform some act, not to do so is annoying.
- When someone is not ready to perform some act and is forced to do so, it is annoying.
2) Law of Exercise (later discarded)
- Practiced bonds are strengthened; unpracticed bonds are weakened.
3) Law of Effect (later revised)
- A response followed by a satisfying state of affairs strengthens the Stimulus-Response bond.
- A response followed by an annoying state of affairs weakens the Stimulus-Response bond.

42
Q

Who emphasized the role of experience in the strengthening or weakening of stimulus-response bonds or associations?

A

Edward Thorndike

43
Q

What did Edward Thorndike believe about education?

A

Schools should emphasize the direct training of those skills thought to be important beyond the school.

44
Q

According to Edward Thorndike, what is learning strengthened by?

A

Practice and/or reward

45
Q

Discuss John B. Watson.

A

Behaviorism

All learning or behavior is a direct result of one’s environment

46
Q

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

A

Psychiatrist: a licensed physician specifically trained to practice psychology (can prescribe medicine)
Psychologist: a person trained to perform psychological analysis, therapy, and research (cannot prescribe medicine)

47
Q

What is a counselor who believes the Bible is sufficient called?

A

Nouthetic Counselor

48
Q

John B. Watson agreed with John Locke’s theory “tabula rasa.” What does “tabula rasa” mean?

A

“Blank slate”; the idea that humans are born completely blank and that everything is learned

49
Q

John B. Watson believed that psychology must be based on what?

A

observable behavior or responses

50
Q

John B. Watson rejected the _____ and _____.

A

mind and consciousness

51
Q

What are John B. Watson’s 5 Basic Premises of Behaviorism?

A
  1. All human behavior is learned
  2. Learning occurs as a result of conditioning
  3. Permanent learning results from frequent contiguous associations
  4. Man is nothing more than an animal (organism)
  5. All learning or behavior is a direct result of one’s environment.
52
Q

Discuss Edwin Guthrie.

A

Contiguous Conditioning

Learning takes place by contiguous associations

53
Q

Who believed that learning takes place on the first try?

A

Edwin Guthrie (he called it “one-trial learning”)

54
Q

What theory states that rewards and reinforcement are not necessary?

A

Edwin Guthrie’s Contiguous Conditioning

55
Q

Discuss Clark Hull.

A

Systematic Behavior Theory/Mathematical Learning Theory (current and original name of same theory)
Foundation of the theory is habit formation (H*abit, Hull)

56
Q

What theory believes that motivation to learn is a result of natural drives?

A

Systematic Behavior Theory/Mathematical Learning Theory

57
Q

Who developed mathematical formulas to predict behavior? Were they successful?

A

Clark Hull. No, which is why “Mathematical Learning Theory” was changed to “Systematic Behavior Theory.”

58
Q

Clark Hull’s Systematic Behavior Theory/Mathematical Learning Theory viewed behavior in context with _____ _____.

A

need satisfaction

59
Q

T/F: Clark Hull believed learning must be reinforced to be retained.

A

True

60
Q

T/F: Edwin Guthrie believed learning must be reinforced to be retained.

A

False

61
Q

Discuss Max Wertheimer.

A

Gestalt Psychology

“The whole is different than the sum of its parts.”

62
Q

Who observed the Phi Phenomenon and how?

A

Max Wertheimer observed the Phi Phenomenon when looking at lights blinking on and off. This gave the illusion of movement.

63
Q

What does “Gestalt” mean?

A

German for “whole” or “pattern”

64
Q

What theory was the basis for sight learning (look-say)?

A

Gestalt Psychology

65
Q

What are the 6 Gestalt Laws?

A

1) Law of Proximity (patterns close together tend to form a group)
2) Law of Similarity (items which are alike tend to form a group)
3) Law of Continuity (perception tends toward simplicity)
4) Law of Closure (tendency to complete a figure; we tend to ignore gaps and our mind fills in the missing parts to make familiar images)
5) Law of Closed Form (lines which enclose a surface tend to be seen as a group)
6) Law of Common Movement (objects moving at the same time in a similar manner tend to form a group, ex.: airplanes, birds, fish, synchronized swimmers, marching band, etc.)

Educational Psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions