Test 1

Question 1

What are the two parts of forensic psychology?

Answer 1

a) research that looks at humain behaviour related to the law
b) psychology practice within or in consultation with a legal system that has both civil and criminal law

Question 2

the major subcategories of forensic psychology (the types of ppl in forensic psychology)

Answer 2

clinician
researcher
legal scholar

Question 3

the difference between law and psychology: Precedent

Answer 3

law - very hard to overturn decisions

psychology/science - we come to new conclusions once we have new evidence

Question 4

Describe Ekman & O’Sullivan 1991

Answer 4

Nursing students watch videos - either grusome or pleasent - and tell the camera what they are told to say

Secret service, judges, psychiatrists, college students ex try to guess liars

rated themselves on how good they were at detecting liars

Secret service was above chance in actually detecting

did a training session on detecting

everyone re rated themselves as lower

Question 5

who was the first person that the insantity plea was used for?

Answer 5

1843 - McNaughten

Question 6

what was the earliest version of the insantity plea called?

Answer 6

beast rule

• someone is not responsible for their actions if they have the mental capacity of a beast

Question 7

the first real forensic psychologist (before forensic psych was a thing)

Answer 7

James McKeen Cattell (1895)
- was interested in testimony and how accurate it could be
asked ppl questions ppl should know but didn’t pay attentino to, like what way do the seeds of an cut apple point

Question 8

who came up with word association

Answer 8

freud 1906

Question 9

founder of forensic and organizational psychology?

What motivated him?

Answer 9

Musterberg 1908
- He witnessed a robbery., testified about state of home, and after when he got home he realized how wrong his testimony was

Question 10

McNaughten Rule 1843

Answer 10

insanity defence
- was paranoid ppl were following him and plotting against him
replaced the beast rule

Question 11

James McKeen Cattell 1885 focused on…

Answer 11

testimony

asked questions like what are the direction of the seens in a sliced apple

Question 12

what was alfred binet 1900 interested in

Answer 12

childrens eye-witness testimony

- can be very inaccurate with leading quesitons

Question 13

word association founder

Answer 13

freud 1906

Question 14

what did Moore say

Answer 14

yellow psychology - judges have psychologists beaten by a mile

Question 15

why did forensic psychology begin to have more influence in the 70s

Answer 15

change in society not law. Police needed more tactics

Question 16

musterberg vs binet

Answer 16

musterberg - founder of forensic in NA

binet, founder of forensic in Europe

Question 17

who looked at thigns like a future polygraoh test might

Answer 17

musterbg

- combined freuds word association with a mouth clip, and looked at traces of emotion through physioloigcal resposes

Question 18

who first thought questions shoudl be regulatd so that no suggestion was in them when tlaking to a witness

Answer 18

musterberg

Question 19

whose thing was hypnotism

Answer 19

musterberg feared it

Question 20

who first advocated that increased punishment does not lead to crime prevention? expand the reasoning

Answer 20

musterberg

• strive to better society, don’t focus on individuals
• keep ppl busy so envy is menaingless

Question 21

what hapened with musterberg when ppl didn’t liek what he was saying

Answer 21

was sued and ofun guilty of claiming more than he could offer by wigmore 1909

Question 22

brown v board of education 1954

Answer 22

first time us law cited psychological research

• clark and clark 1952
• doll study

Question 23

clark and clark 1952

Answer 23

masseutushets - no seg
Arkansaw - seg
should black kids black and white dolls
asked who looks nice/bad which ones looks like ou?
result: kids from the mass (no seg, all mixed together) didn’t like the black doll as much as the segregated kids did
- argued: that a kid in segregated was so defeated that they couldnt use the defence of denying who they are so they picked the black doll more - fewer kids in Arkansaw which were segregated did this bc they were so defeated. meanwhile, kids in nonsegregated mixed schools picked the black doll less

Question 24

what does harking mean

Answer 24

when you twist resutls to end up with the conclusion you wanted from the beginning - there was no hypothesis

Question 25

Frye Criterion (Fry v USA., 1923)

Answer 25

Criteria for admitting an expert in court
Need - testimoney deduced ffrom a well-recognized sicentific principle or discovers, and that the thing is sufficiently establishe to gain general acceptance in its own field to which it belongs

Question 26

R v Mohan (1994)

Answer 26

Replaced Fry 1923
Requires:
Evidence must be relevant to have an impact on a fact, making a fact int he care more or less likely
The evidence must be necessary for assisting the trier of fact (usually the judge or jury)
The evidence must not violate any rules of exclusion
Can’t have your friends come in to tell everyone you tell the truth
The evidence must be providedd by a qualified expert, which is typically determined through training, experience, and research

Question 27

_______ theories -
What changes you and how we become something else
Some of it is just development
Looking back at journal from 20s when the person is in their 40s
We change in ways where we might not recognize the person we used to be

Answer 27

learning theories

Question 28

what experiments do throndike do

Answer 28

The time they were in the cage went down over days they were put in the cage (cats). Until they are a different cat, one might argue - when they immediately pull on a string in the inside
Conditioned learning, not learning like you would in a class

Question 29

______ theories - some of the most compelling to date
Personality is set, part of your nature that you cannot change - a trait
May or not be genetic, maybe determined at a young age… but it becomes a trait, who you are

Answer 29

personality theories

Question 30

Eysenck’s (1977) Personality Theory of Crime

Answer 30

neuoticism—-stability
extroversion—introversin

antisocial (someone who violates norms of society) inclinations lie between extroversion and neuoticisms

Question 31

T/F? an expert n stand can be prosecuted for purgery

Answer 31

false

Question 32

jose and kitty, who were they

Answer 32

a couple who owned a hosue they rented to celebrities, and who were both killed by their sons, the menendez brothers

Question 33

explain the menedez brothers

Answer 33

killed botht heir parents at poin blank range with guns, claimed their parents abused them
Erik only 15 at time of crime

they confessed they did it when there was enough evidence against them
psychologists: suffered from helplessness

another psychologist said stress disorder (not compatible with helplessness

spent tons of money really quickly

first- hung jury
tried again, convicted as adults

Question 34

what is it called when its hung jury but the prosecution can try the ppl again

Answer 34

hung jury without predujice

Question 35

What did Mossman look at

Answer 35

he looked into 45 cases that had comments about ethics of forensic psychologists
35 had language like “prostitute, slut, hired guns”
about 50% were criminal cases
there was a single specific individual in over half of the cases

Question 36

when can confidentiality be broken as a forensic psychologist

Answer 36

only when they know of plans of a future crime/imminent danger

Question 37

what are qualifications of a trial consultant?

Answer 37

nothing! they need nothing!

they usually help with other thigns like jury prep, consulting lawyers

Question 38

who hires expert witnesses

Answer 38

layers but also sometimes judges if the prosecution nd the defence have expert witnesses with opposing opinions, the judge may hire their own expert witness

Question 39

kinds of testimony

Answer 39

conduit-educator: ideal, unbiased, gives evidence on both sides

philosopher ruler: goes by their own principles no matter the scientific evidence or money involved

hired gun

Question 40

the difference between an eyewitness and an expert witness?

Answer 40

expert witness - gives an opinion based on some kind of specialized training, education, or knowledge