Test 1

Question 1

How did Freud challenge belief in God

Answer 1

God is merely a projection of the mind

Question 2

How did Durkheim challenge belief in God

Answer 2

God is merely an invention of society to control its citizens

Question 3

How did Marx challenge belief in God

Answer 3

God is merely an opiat of the people

Question 4

How did Altizer challenge belief in God

Answer 4

God is dead

Question 5

Explain the claim that God is meaningless

Answer 5

not the same as God does not exist

Question 6

What is the problem of religious language?

Answer 6

language cannot always ascribe due glory to God

Question 7

What is potential problem with textual criticism?

Answer 7

reliability is questionable

no original manuscripts of ancient writings

Question 8

naturalism

Answer 8

the universe requires no supernatural cause

it is self-existent and self-directing

Question 9

Marxism

Answer 9

dialectical materialism

empiricism

basic economic determinism

class structure of society

Question 10

pantheism

Answer 10

the universe is God

Question 11

nihilism

Answer 11

nothing exists, or is knowable, or is valuable

Question 12

panpsychism

Answer 12

all of nature consists of psychic centers similar to the human mind

Question 13

pantheistic monism

Answer 13

there is only 1 things in the universe

Question 14

panentheism

Answer 14

universe and God are the same thing

Question 15

scientism

Answer 15

considers the scientific method all-knowing

Question 16

Jewish challenges: how Jesus could be the Messiah if Israel rejected Him

Answer 16

Jesus drew attention to the failure of His Hearers to believe his message and pointed out that they were merely carrying on the Jewish tradition of rejecting God’s message

Jesus confronted their disobedience and linked it to similar instances

Question 17

Contrast the views on how apologetics must be done before, along with, or after theology.

Answer 17

Before: knowledge of God forms the subject-matter of theology

Along With: defense of the doctrines expressed in the symbols of the church

After: theology builds the system and apologetics defends it

Question 18

What is pluralism?

Answer 18

a condition or system in which two or more groups coexist

Question 19

What is relativism?

Answer 19

the doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality are not absolute

Question 20

What is subjectivism

Answer 20

the doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no objective truth

Question 21

the general strategy of the apologists of the second century

Answer 21

answer the Jews by showing that Christianity was the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy

answer the gentile philosophy by showing that Christianity was compatible with the best ethics and philosophy

Question 22

the view of Justin Martyr

Answer 22

attempted to show that the wisdom of the philosophers was from the Logos speaking to them, and their content is presented more clearly in God’s revelation in the Bible

Question 23

the view of Tertullian

Answer 23

Christianity’s message is proved by the lives of Christians

Question 24

For what reasons are people fideists?

Answer 24

faith cannot be supported by reason

the objects of faith are beyond the mind’s ability to grasp

the fall has left man’s mind incapable of reasoning about God

Question 25

What are the main tenets of fideism?

Answer 25

faith, not reason is the way to God

truth is found in a subjective realm

reason does not unambiguously lead to God

Question 26

What is polemics?

Answer 26

the defense of orthodoxy

Question 27

What is deduction and how does it differ from induction?

Answer 27

deduction- either valid or invalid, true or false, guarantees truth of conclusion

induction- it is possible for the premise to be true and the conclusion to be false, strong to weak, offers new info in the conclusion

Question 28

Describe and contrast the three theories of truth

Answer 28

correspondence theory of truth- something is true if it corresponds with something in reality

coherence theory of truth- all you have is what is in your head

pragmatic theory of truth- a proposition is true if it is useful to believe

Question 29

Foundationalism

Answer 29

all knowledge or justified belief rest ultimately on a foundation

Question 30

coherentism

Answer 30

for a belief to be justified it must belong to a coherent system of beliefs

Question 31

internalism

Answer 31

no fact about the world can provide reasons for action independently of desires and beliefs

Question 32

externalism

Answer 32

reasons are to be identified with objective features of the world

Question 33

reliablism

Answer 33

emphasizes the truth-conduciveness of a belief-forming process, method, or other epistemologically relevant factors