Test 1 Flashcards
What joints are prone to mobility restrictions (hypo)
Upper cervical Thoracic Hip Ankle GH
What joints are prone to stability limitations (hyper mobile?)
Lower cervical
Scapula
Lumbar
Knee
What movements occur within the horizontal plane?
Internal and external rotation
Axial rotation
What is the hierarchy of movement?
Mobility
Motor control
Functional patterning
What is the hierarchy of movement and give example for each
Mobility: toe touches
Motor control: hip hinge
Functional patterning: dead lift
Static stretching technique
Get to end range and hold
Slow and constant
What is static stretching good for?
Increased acute ROM
Why does static stretching increase acute ROM
Analgesic response!
What are the components of stretch-induced strength loss
Neurological: suppressed NS because not doing anything related to task
Mechanical: stretching tissues and actin/myosin pulled out and require more time to return
More pronounced in slow velocity activities
When should you avoid stretching
During DOMS
Post high-intensity sessions or after strengthening sessions
Active dynamic stretching technique
Movement through full range
Start slow and increase in speed
Good for warm up
PNF?
Proprioceptive neuromusclular facilitation
Concept of patient management of working on total human not just one problem. Focuses on untapped patient potential and reinforces what patient can do
Move at patient pace
Increase ability to move and remain stable and guide coordinated movement thought timing and increase stamina
Facilitation
Motor control
Increases excitability to the target muscle
Way to restore dysfunctional muscle
Inhibition
Motor control
Decrease excitability or motor units
Reduce spasticity
Irradiation
Spread of excitation in the CNS that causes contraction of synergistic muscles in a specific pattern
3 components/planes utilized in PNF
Flexion/extension
Rotation
Toward and across midline and across and away from midline
Multi-plane stretching
PNF patterns create control by….
Alternating mobility and stability
Reciprocal inhibition aka
Sherrington’s law
What techniques utilize reciprocal inhibition/sheringtons law?
1.CRAC
Contract, relax, agonist contract
Ex: biceps contract, triceps inhibited
What is postcontraction inhibition
After muscle is contracted it is automatically in a relaxed state for a latent period.
And during that relaxation time you can stretch it
What techniques utilize the postcontraction inhibition technique
Hold relax
Postisometric relaxation (PIR)
Postfascilitation stretch
Rhythmic stabilization
Alternating between isometric actions of agonist and antagonist
Antagonist should be activated first
FACILLITATION (strengthen)
Where is the center of gravity?
Point equal weight on all sides
S2
Slightly higher in men
Are of contact between the body and supporting surface
Base of support
Maintained when COG remains over the base of support
Balance
1st class lever
Force, fulcrum, resistance
Cervical extension is what kind of lever
1st
Example of 1st class lever
Cervical extension
Seesaw
Scissors
Crowbar
2nd class lever
Fulcrum, resistance, force
Example of 2nd class lever
Wheelbarrow
Stapler
Calf raise
Push-up
Calf raise is what lever
2
Push up is what lever
2
3rd class lever
Fulcrum, Force, Resistance
Examples of 3rd class lever
Elbow and knee flexion
Baseball swing
Tongs
Shoveling
Mc lever
3
Advantage of 3rd elver
Produces speed
Longer moment arm….and torque
Increased torque
How can you change the length of the moment arm?
Chance where resistance is placed
Z line
Separates sarcomere
H zone
Center of sarcomere
M line
Myosin filaments anchor eachother
A bands
Myosin align
I band
Actin
Force of contraction depends on what
Number of motor units Number of fibers per unit Length of muscle Direction of motion Speed of contraction
Isometric exercises are good for where
Muscles that stabilize the spine
Concentric contractions use for what
Accelerations
Eccentric contractions used for what
Shock absorption
Created increased torque
What contraction causes DOMS
Eccentric
What is the SAID principle
Specific
Adaptation (to)
Imposed
Demands
Progressive overload
Continual gains require increasing loads
FITT principle
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Strength
Low repetitions (3-9) High intensity (90% RM)
Endurance
High repetitions (15-20) Low intensity (70% RM)
Initial strength gains when and due to what
3-6 weeks Neural factors (better coordination)
Neural factors involved in increased muscle in first 6 weeks
Faster rate of motor unit recruitment
Greater # and selection
Proprioceptors : detect stretch and contract faster
GTOs: detect tension and cause relaxation usually….GTO inhibition in agonist and activation in antagonist to decrease risk of tear
Rhythmic stabilization
Alternating between isometric actions of agonist and antagonist muscles
Alternating between isometric actions of the agonist and antagonist muscles
Rhythmic contraction
Facilitate—strengthen
Shake weights are a type of what
Rhythmic stabilization
Concentric action of antagonist followed by a concentric action of agonist
Slow reversal
Slow reversal
Concentric action of antagonist, then concentric action of agonist
Hold relax
Isometric action of antagonist
Followed by relaxation
Passive stretch of antagonist
Isometric contraction of antagonist, followed by relaxation then passive stretch of antagonist
Hold relax
What is hold relax done for?
Inhibit—increase ROM
Maximal concentric action of antagonist against resistance followed by relaxation and them movement into limited ROM
Contract relax
Contract relax
Max concentric action of antagonist against resistance followed by relaxation then movement into limited ROM
Utilizes reciprocal inhibition by having the agonist contract while stretching the antagonist
Contract relax agonist contract
Contract relax agonist contract
Uses reciprocal inhibition by having agonist contract while stretching antagonist
Max concentric contraction of antagonist followed by relaxation then contraction of agonist while stretching antagonist into limited ROM
Speed of concentric and eccentric to create most force
Max force with slow concentric and fast eccentric
Strength
Muscles ability to produce tension and resultant force
Muscle ability to produce tension and resultant force
Strength
Related to strength and speed
Power
Patients with muscle dysfunction should work on what
Endurance
