Test 1 Flashcards
Maori
- normal, common and ordinary
- useful in distinguishing from non-Maori
Whanau
wider family e.g. grandparents, sisters, uncles etc.
Hapu
A collection of whanau coming from a common ancestor
iwi
a collection of hapu who can trace their descent to founding or naming ancestor.
waka
a migratory canoe and is the largest faction.
north island
aotearoa, Te ika a Maui
south island
Te Waiponamu, Te waka a Maui
Chatham islands
Rekohu, Wharehauri
Stewart island
Rakiura
pepeha
formulaic expression of identity Maori uses to formally introduce ourselves.
it’s the way that Maori express identity by locating ourselves within the physical landscape and Geneology
tikanga
the correct way to carry out something in Maori cultural terms.
Must benefit and enhance wellbeing - also flexible to adapt
mana
spiritual power from the gods to humans to act on their behalf. Authority given and power to do so
mana atua
The mana of the gods - sacred power of the gods given to an individual e.g. a healer
mana tipuna
the mana of ancestors; power and authority inherited from ancestors e.g. leadership roles
mana tangata
mana invested in you as a person based on your attributes
mana whenua
the mana of the land. people bound to a particular rohe have this mana. they have rights and responsibilities to protect the land and produce livelihood from the land and its resources
e.g. burying the placenta of babies into the land, burying the bodies of the dead in ancestral land.
mana moana
god planted in the waters (like mana whenua but with water). responsibility to protect from pollution/exploitation e.g fisheries
tapu
untouchable and no longer put to common use. the laws of tapu play the most influential role in regulating Maori society
Rahui
a temporary restriction is placed over a location, resource or food gathering site, usually when it needs to replenish itself e.g. fisheries
tuakana/teina
older/younger siblings; everyone is brother and sister
matua/whaea
father/mother- everyone is uncle and aunty
koro/kuia
elderly male and female, everyone is grandfather and grandmother
tamariki/mokopuna
child/grandchild
kaitiaki
spiritual assistants of the gods and minders of the natural elements of the world (sky, forest)
protector or guardian
often manifest themselves in the physical forms such as fish, animals, birds, trees. each kaitiaki is embedded with spiritual power (man) to ensure the mauri or life force of the natural world is healthy and strong.
Rangatira,
A rangatira is a person of mana who can lead people by holding them together.
(a leader)
a person of mana that derives not only from genealogical seniority but also from his or her own personal qualities and the ability to maintain the support and confidence of his or her people.
Matauranga Maori
a body of knowledge that has been derived from a Maori cultural context
Shapes the Maori way of doing things
Rangatiratanga
Leadership
exercise of power and authority derived from the Gods; exercise of cheiftainship including sovereignity rights of self determination, self government, the authority and power of iwi and hapu to make decisions and to own and control resouces
wharekura
secondary school
Kohanga reo
pre school
kura kaupapa Maori
primary school
whare wananga
Maori tertiary institution
Mana maori motuhake
All types of mana only relate to Maori
Wahi tapu
Places that are tapu, such as burial grounds and battle sites.
Te Ao Marama
Maori world view, make observations and perceive things in accordance with Maori culture
Whakapapa
explanation of the creation of the world and the framework for generating and classifying knowledge -a network of knowledge and humans are last in the order of the whakapapa
Purakau
Constructs such as stories designed to depict Maori views of the world, ways of passing on codified knowledge
e.g. Taniwha
Maramataka
Maori lunar calendar - predictive tool for scheduling activities crucial to Hapu and continually tested through time
Te Reo Maori
Maori is a Polynesian language, with the closes relative being cook island Maori
Eastern Dialect
Word differences but sound the same
Moriori
Extinct, no one is a native speaker
Article 2 of the Treaty
Protection of what Maori hold dear/treasure
Article 3 of the Treaty
Guarantees equal rights of Maori and British citizens
1986 Waitangi Tribunal
Upholds claim that Crown must actively protect the language
Maori language commission
Preserve and promote the language
2013 Census
3% of total population speak Te Reo
Kapa Haka
A fusion of contemporary and traditional maori performing arts
Moteatea
- Traditional chanting focused on facial expressions and hand movements
- no choreography
- the oldest form of expression
Waiata a-ringa
An action song accompanied by singing with an underlying message/theme.
Coming from when they went to war.
Poi
Song and dance with a ball on a string, meaning is expressed through poi movement
Haka
A passionate and powerful dance that reveals commitment and dedication to the activity about to be done
Powhiri
Welcoming of the two groups and working out who is approaching, acknowledging hosts and showing respect.
The University of Auckland
Te whare wananga o Tamaki Makaurau
What were maori interested in from settlors
Eager to access technology, literacy, trade, opportunities and foreign markets
Te Kara
The flag of the confederation of Hapu; Symbolises a new international status of NZ as an independent sovereign nation and guaranteed protection by Navy
The Declaration fo Independence of NZ 1835
He whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni.
- Statement of sovereignty/mana of hapu
- Rangatira of hapu maintain mana over own lands, no other system of govt can exist.
Not recognised by courts
Te Tiriti o Waitangi
Queen had right to control pakeha subjects under kawanatanga, articles 2 and 3, agents allowed to trade for usage rights
The Treaty of Waitangi
Has no standing at international law under contra proferentem rule.
Cessation of sovereignty where Maori give up rangatiratanga and come under the sovereignty
Racism
Ideology accepting racial superiority and when present in those with power, justifies them using that power to discriminate against and deprive others on the basis of race.
The Doctrine of Discovery 1400s
Called for non-christian people to be invaded, captures and reduced to perpetual slavery
Extermination
death by british troops and settler military
Protectionism
Protecting Maori from settlers and themselves by introducing laws to restrict their rights
Assimilation
Assimilating maori into settler society with no traces of their culture
Amalgamation
Integration of Maori into settler society with some limited trace of their culture
Extinction
Letting nature ‘take its course’ leading to sad but inevitable extinction of Maori
Land Wars
Wars from 1843 - 1916, 73 years, where 10% Maori were killed or injured
1863 NZ Settlements Act
Allowed land to be confiscated if iwi in rebellion against Her Majesty’s authority
Results of Land wars
Maori lost 96% of land
Informal practices
Christian union - maori signed pledges agreeing to do away with cultural aspects e.g. not practice polygamy and to have christian marriages
Colour bars - where maori were barred from accessing certain services, roles and institutions e.g. bathroom, movie theatres, public pools, schools and neighbourhoods.
Outcomes of colonisation
Foreign debt as Britain demanded reimbursement, decline in Maori population, land decline 66 million acres to 3 million acres, language decline.
Maori move to australia to escape racism in NZ
Inequity:
- earlier death, incarceration, higher poverty and unemployment rates, lower-income, suicide rates higher, homelessness etc.
