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Health Promotion Test > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things is the cardiovascular system made up of?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood
  3. Blood Vessels
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2
Q

What should all pregnant women be screened with?

A

Parmed-X for Pregnancy

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3
Q

Benefits of Muscular Strength & Muscular Endurance training

A
  1. Increases storage of glucose and calcium
  2. Improves neuromuscular communication
  3. Improves joint stability
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4
Q

First Trimester Length?

A

1-3 months

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5
Q

Definition: Enable

A

focuses on acheiving equity in health, and aims at reducing differences in current health status and ensuring equal opportunities and resources to enable all people to achieve their fullest health potential

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6
Q

ADA

A

Americans with Disabilities Act

prohibits discrimination of many types against persons with disabilities in different settings including the workplace, transportation, public accommodations, and governmental activities.

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7
Q

What is Anorexia Nervosa characterized by?

A

starvation

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8
Q

Definition: Angina/Ischemia

A

impaired coronary artery blood flow

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9
Q

What is the purpose of Langerhans Cells?

A

destroy pathogens that penetrate the skin

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10
Q

What hormone causes hyperventilation in pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

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11
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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12
Q

Definition: Homeostasis

A

The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

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13
Q

What muscles are elongated during pregnancy?

A
  1. Abs
  2. Neck muscles
  3. Upper Back muscles
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14
Q

Definition: Health Promotion

A

the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve, their health

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15
Q

Function: Relaxin

A
  1. Makes joints in the body flexible
  2. Released early to limit uterine contractions
  3. Softens cervix in perparation for child birth
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16
Q

Definition: Chronilogical Age

A

a person’s age in years

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17
Q

How does muscle contract and relax?

A

Actin sliding over myosin

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18
Q

What drops with age?

A
  1. blood vessels
  2. myoglobin
  3. mitochondria
  4. myofibrils
  5. fast and intermediate fibers
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19
Q

Too much progesterone?

A
  1. Headaches
  2. Blurred Vision
  3. Heartburn
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20
Q

Youth: Cardiovascular Differences

A
  1. Endurance activities require 20-30% more O2 per unit of body mass
  2. Children’s blood pressure and HR recover quicky after exertion
  3. Higher RHR in children and youth
  4. blood pressure is lower in children and youth @ rest and during exertion than adults
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21
Q

Functions of the Somatic system?

A

Voluntary control of body movements

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22
Q

What does it mean to “exercise for health”?

A
  1. Ability to perform normal activities of daily living
  2. Positive Health=Enjoying life and withstanding challenges
  3. Not merely the absense of disease
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23
Q

Youth: Respiratory Differences

A
  1. respiratory cycle is shorter
  2. faster respiration and higher heart rate at rest
  3. VO2max improves minimally with training
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24
Q

Definition: Biological Age

A

a person’s physiologic age based on level of performance of various body symptoms

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25
Q

What can cause body dysmorphia?

A
  1. Family History
  2. Negative life experiences (childhood trauma)
  3. Certain personality traits (perfectionism)
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26
Q

Which NS division branches off into Autonomic and Somatic?

A

Motor division

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27
Q

Definition: Orthopnea

A

shortness of breath while lying supine

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28
Q

Definition: EDD

A

Exercise Deficit Disorder

a condition of reduced levels of MVPA that are inconsistent with current public health recommendations

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29
Q

How many Americans meet basic exercise recommendations?

A

Less than one fifth

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30
Q

What are the 2 types of UV rays?

A

UVA - penetrates deeper into dermis, which can lead to suppression of the immune system

UVB - burn, play key role in development of cancer

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31
Q

What are the 5 measurable components of health related fitness?

ACRONYM

Mary Makes Cute Fuzzy Bunnies

A
  1. Muscular Strength
  2. Muscular Endurance
  3. Cardiovascular Endurance
  4. Flexibility
  5. Body Composition
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32
Q

Functions of the Autonomic system?

A

controls bodily functions not under concious control (breathing, heartbeat, digestion)

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33
Q

Why are fast/intermediate fibers important?

A

help you get up, go up stairs and react to things like falling

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34
Q

Youth: Body Temperature Differences

A
  1. children produce more heat/kg during activity
  2. Sweat glands haven’t developed, which impairs ability to dissipate heat
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35
Q

Why is preclampsia bad?

A

The high blood pressure affects blood flow to the fetus. It can lead to underweight and/or premie babies

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36
Q

Definition: Syncope

A

fainting

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37
Q

What are the two main segments of the Nervous System?

A
  1. Central
  2. Peripheral
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38
Q

What changes are involved in “Helping a baby grow”?

A
  1. Physiological
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39
Q

Definition: Advocate

A

Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to health

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40
Q

What are the health care costs linked with obesity and sedentary lifestyles annually?

A

$90 billion

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41
Q

Definition: Steady State

A

a state obtained in moderate muscular exercise when the removal of lactic acid by oxidation keeps pace with its production

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42
Q

Function: Motor NS

A

responds to stimulus, takes messages away from the brain (efferent)

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43
Q

What is VO2 Max important for?

A
  1. Cardiovascular Fitness
  2. Functional Fitness
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44
Q

9 Examples of Special Populations

ACRONYM

YCC PODAS

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Obesity
  3. Youth
  4. Seniors
  5. Diabetes
  6. Skeletal Disorders
  7. Asthma
  8. Concussions
  9. Cardiovascular Disease
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45
Q

Definition: VO2 Max

A

Maximal Oxygen Consumption

the maximal amount of oxygen the body can consume and deliver to the working muscles

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46
Q

How many trimesters are there in a pregnancy?

A

3

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47
Q

What forms should be included in the Preparticipation Screening?

A

PAR-Q+

Informed Consent Form

Medical History Questionnaire

Medical Clearance Form

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48
Q

What are examples of autoimmune diseases?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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49
Q

DHHS

A

Department of Health and Human Services

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50
Q

What are the 2 types of Anorexia Nervosa

A
  1. Restrictive Anorexia
  2. Binge eating/purging anorexia
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51
Q

When treating chronic diseas or disability, what would moving from curative efforts to palliative efforts represent?

A

more emphasis on quality of life.

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52
Q

What 3 types of changes do you experience during pregnancy?

A
  1. Anatomical
  2. Physiological
  3. Psychological
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53
Q

What system involves hormones?

A

Endocrine

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54
Q

Exercise Benefits: Pregnant

A
  1. Promotes healthy weight gain
  2. Improves circulation
  3. Reduces overall discomfort and improves mood
  4. Eases pregnancy, labor, and delivery
  5. Increased muscle function, prepares muscles for childbirth
  6. ??
  7. Decreased risk of preclampsia
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55
Q

What sends sensory input to the brain?

A

Sensory Receptors

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56
Q

Benefits of improving flexibility

A
  1. Preserves ROM at joints
  2. Maintains pliability of tissue surrounding joints
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57
Q

What does intermittent activity lead to?

A

Dehydration

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58
Q

What is happening during the 2nd trimester?

A

body adjusts to hormone levels

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59
Q

What is the average body temperature?

A

37 degrees farenheit

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60
Q

What is happening during the 1st trimester?

A

hormone levels fluctuate dramatically + promote nausea

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61
Q

Nonmodifiable factors that affect fitness and health?

A
  1. Age
  2. Sex
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62
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Interpretive
  3. Motor
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63
Q

What type of resistance training should youth do?

A

High repetition, low resistance

8-15 reps

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64
Q

Consequences of aging skin?

A
  1. Prone to injury
  2. Slow to repair
  3. Susceptible to infection
  4. Unable to regulate body temperature
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65
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the Peripheral NS?

A
  1. Sensory Division
  2. Motor Division
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66
Q

What happens to cardiovascular and respiratory system as you age?

A
  1. changes in blood vessels
  2. blood vessels drop
  3. blood pressure increases
  4. coughing reflex slows
  5. mucus thickens
  6. number of cilia drops
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67
Q

FITT Cardio: Pregnant

A

Frequency - 3 times per week

Intensity - Moderate (40-50% VO2max or 12-14 RPE)

Time - 15-30 mins

Type - Machines provide support

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68
Q

Second Trimester length?

A

4-6 months

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69
Q

What are sufferers of muscle dysmorphia at risk of?

A

joint and muscle injury

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70
Q

What are the 3 components of homeostasis?

A
  1. Control Center
  2. Effector
  3. Receptor
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71
Q

How many hours of aerobic exercise should the general population complete weekly according to the DHHS?

A

2.5 hours of aerobic generally

OR

1.25 hours of vigorous aerobic

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72
Q

What are the 4 different types of purging?

A
  1. Vomiting
  2. Misuse of laxatives or diuretics
  3. Fasting
  4. Excessive exercise
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73
Q

Definition: Pressor Response

A

increase in arterial blood pressure in response to internal or external conditions

74
Q

Definition: Paroxysmal Dyspnea

A

shortness of breath that occurs while sleeping

75
Q

Definition: Preclampsia

A

an increase in a women’s blood pressure due to pregnancy

76
Q

How much does Q % distribution increase during MAXIMAL exercise?

77
Q

Where does the brain send instructions?

A

Effector cells

78
Q

Is health promotion just about an individual’s behavior?

A

No it also incorporates a wide range of social and environmental interventions

79
Q

Function: Interpretive NS

A

consolidates the information, and makes decisions

80
Q

Definition: Special Population

A

includes a broad and diverse group of people with conditions and needs that are different from general population

81
Q

Definition: Performance Related Fitness

A

components of fitness that allow optimal functioning of the body

82
Q

Exercise Risks: Pregnant

A
  1. Increased core body temperature can denature proteins
  2. Interrupted blood flow to the fetus
  3. Decrease oxygen delivery to the fetus
  4. Musculoskeletal Injury (increased chance of joint subluxation or dislocation)
83
Q

Youth: Risks with obesity?

A
  1. Type 2 Diabetes
  2. High blood pressure
  3. Elevated cholesterol levels
  4. Heart disease
  5. Joint disorders
84
Q

What changes are involved in “Carrying a Baby”?

A
  1. Anatomical
  2. Physiological
85
Q

Benefits of improving body composition

A
  1. Improves LDL to HDL ratio
  2. Decreases visceral fat (decreases risk of heart attacks)
  3. Increase muscle mass
86
Q

What percent of youth are overweight and/or obese?

87
Q

Does sedentary behavior include sleep?

88
Q

What changes are involved in “Delivering the baby”?

A
  1. Anatomical
  2. Physiological
89
Q

What 2 types of factors contribute to health and fitness?

A

Nonmodifiable & Modifiable

90
Q

If both parents are obese, what chance does the child have?

91
Q

Contraindications: Exercise Testing for Pregnant Women

A
  1. Preclampsia
  2. Back (musculoskeletal) issues
  3. Shortness of breath
  4. Cardiovascular issues
92
Q

Benefits of exercise in youth?

6

A
  1. decreased risk for obesity
  2. increased muscular strength
  3. increased bone density
  4. improved cardiorespiratory performance
  5. improves psychological factors
  6. decreased risk for chronic disease
93
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle contractions?

A
  1. Concentric (shortening)
  2. Eccentric (lengthening)
  3. Isometric (stays the same)
94
Q

Function: Sensory NS

A

gathers information, carries messages to the brain (afferent)

95
Q

Third Trimester Length?

A

7-9 months

96
Q

Definition: Health Related Fitness

A

components of fitness that exhibit a relationship to positive health

97
Q

What is the body weight of someone with Anorexia Nervosa?

A

<85% of ideal body weight

98
Q

What are kids most afraid of when it comes to becoming obese?

A
  1. Social Isolation
  2. Difficulty with interpersonal relationships
  3. Lower self-esteem
99
Q

7 reasons for not being more physically active?

A
  1. Lack of time
  2. Lack of convenience
  3. Lack of motivation or interest
  4. Lack of confidence to participate safely
  5. Lack of personal management skills
  6. Lack of support system
  7. Lack of resources
100
Q

Definition: General Population

A

includes people who have not been diagnosed with any conditions that might interfere with their ability to perform normal activities of daily living or exercise

101
Q

What changes are involved in “Supporting the baby after birth”?

A
  1. Physiological
102
Q

What is the number 1 barrier to exercise?

A

Lack of sleep

103
Q

What type of cardio should pregnant women avoid?

A

High impact

104
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
105
Q

What muscles are shortened during pregnancy?

A
  1. Hip Flexors
  2. Lower Back muscles
  3. Pectoralis Major & Minor
106
Q

How much time is recommended in front of a screen?

A

no more than 2 hours

107
Q

What happens to bones as you age?

A
  1. Bone mass and strength diminishes
  2. More Osteoclasts, which means more absorption of bone cells, whereas Osteoblasts build bone cells.
  3. Intervertebral discs compress
  4. Sprains, bursitis, and arthritis become more common
108
Q

At what point during pregnancy does estrogen spike to prepare for lactation?

A

30-34 weeks

109
Q

What is Binge Eating Disorder characterized by?

A

repeated binging not followed by purging

110
Q

Where does most of your Cardiac Output redistribute from and to, when you engage in exercise?

A

From your sphancic area to your skeletal muscle.

SM increases by 26%

111
Q

PAR-Q+

A

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone

112
Q

How many hours a day do kids spend in front of a screen?

113
Q

What changes in the nervous system as you age?

A
  1. neurons drop
  2. neurotransmitter levels decrease
  3. brain size diminishes because of less neurons
  4. memory, hearing, balance, vision, smell, and taste acuity are impaired
  5. reflexes slow
114
Q

What is muscle dysmorphia characterized by?

A

a preoccupation with developing muscle

115
Q

Youth: Neuromuscular differences

A
  1. Communication between nervous system and muscular system requires further development
  2. Neurons haven’t completely branched
  3. Improved efficiency in synthesis of neurotransmitters
  4. Myelin sheath develops
116
Q

Modifiable factors that affect fitness & health

A
  1. Diet
  2. Activity Level
  3. Cigarette Use
  4. Alcohol Consumption
117
Q

Benefits of Cardiovascular Endurance training

A
  1. Increases # of capillaries supplying muscles
  2. Increases # of mitochondria
  3. Increases lactic acid threshold
118
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

immune cells attack the synovial membrane

grainy fluid wears articular cartilage

119
Q

Why are obesity rates higher in girls?

A

women have more body fat, and a higher fat mass ratio

120
Q

When does HCG spike? Why?

A

Produced by day 12 after the fertilization

Early in the pregnancy to supply nutrition for the placenta.

No longer needed once the placenta develops

121
Q

What is the ParticipACTION mission?

A

to help canadians sit less and move more

122
Q

What is happening during the 3rd trimester?

A

fetus enlarges + crowds out maternal organs

123
Q

The autonomic system is responsible for 2 types of reactions, what are they?

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

124
Q

Definition: Hypokinetic Disease

A

insufficient movement or exercise, particularly in children, was an independent risk factor for the development and progression of chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease

125
Q

Is sweating a good indicator of children’s activity level?

126
Q

What percent of adolescents stay overweight as adults?

127
Q

What hormones are involved in pregnancy?

ACRONYM

PHERPO

A
  1. Progesterone
  2. Estrogen
  3. Human chorionic gona-do-tropin (HCG)
  4. Relaxin
  5. Prolactin
  6. Oxytocin
128
Q

Function: Prolactin

A
  1. Stimulates milk production in mammary glands
129
Q

Definition: Hypertrophy

A

increase in cross-sectional area of a cell

130
Q

When is prolactin produced?

A

After the delivery

131
Q

Definition: Heart Rate

A

speed of heart beat, based on contractions per minute

132
Q

What type of resistance exercise should pregnant women avoid?

A
  1. Isometric moves
  2. Valsalva maneuver
  3. Sit ups (hard to get up, can lead to injury)
  4. Supine moves after month 3
133
Q

FITT Warmup: Pregnant

A

Frequency - Prior to all sessions

Intensity - Very light to light (RPE scale)

Time - 5-10 mins

Type - Machines provide support

134
Q

What type of pregnant women should seek medical clearance before exercising?

A

previously sedentary women

135
Q

Definition: Physiology

A

The science of the mechanical, physical, biochemical functions of normal human tissue/organs

136
Q

What is HCG?

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

137
Q

Barriers to exercise?

A
  1. Lack of sleep
  2. Lack of time
  3. Self-consciousness about attributes and competence
  4. Dislike of physical exertion
  5. Peer Pressure
  6. Inaccessibility to facilites, programs, and costs
138
Q

Definition: Dyspnea

A

difficult breathing, shortness of breath, air hungry, out of breath

139
Q

Which hormone increase leads to an increase in metabolism?

A

Progesterone

140
Q

How many kids said they would choose hanging out with friends over watching tv?

142
Q

Is muscle dysmorphia more common in women or men?

143
Q

How much have obesity rates increased in the last 30 years for ages 6-11?

144
Q

Function: Cardiovascular System

A

responsible for transporting blood & nutrients throughout the body

145
Q

What are the 3 components of Health Promotion?

A
  1. Advocate
  2. Enable
  3. Mediate
146
Q

Definition: Cardiovascular Drift

A

upward drift of heart rate over time, paired with a progressive decline in SV and continued maintenance of Q

occurs do to longterm moderate/heavy submaximal exercise

147
Q

What causes a shift in a pregnant woman’s center of gravity?

A

an increase in body weight

148
Q

What weight are Bulimia Nervosa sufferers usually within?

A

10lbs of a healthy weight

149
Q

FITT Resistence: Pregnant

A

Frequency - 2 times a week

Intensity - 12-15 reps @ 2-3 sets

Time - Slow - Moderate

Type - 8-10 moves that target major muscle groups

150
Q

Definition: Stroke Volume

A

volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat

151
Q

Definition: Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death (innate programming that decides when skin cells die)

152
Q

How much cardio should youth get daily

A

60 minutes, moderate to vigorous

153
Q

Definition: Mediate

A

demands coordinated action by all concerned to adapt the strategies and programs to the local needs and possibilities of individual countries and regions to take into account differing social, cultural and economic systems

154
Q

How much have obesity rates increased over the last 30 years for ages 12-19?

155
Q

What happens to endocrine system as you age?

A
  1. Fibrous tissue increases, while glandular tissue decreases
  2. Thymus shrinks
  3. Decreased immunity to disease
  4. Reduce hormones production & sensitivity to insulin and glucagon
  5. Insulin resistance decreases
156
Q

Function: HCG

A
  1. Maintains levels of estrogen & progesterone until placenta develops
  2. Helps with nutrition of the fetus
157
Q

Definition: Hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of cells

158
Q

Definition: Claudication

A

cramps in the lower leg

159
Q

Definition: Braxton Hicks Contractions

A

practice contractions, about a week before

160
Q

When was ParticipACTION established?

161
Q

Why does dyspnea occur during pregnancy?

A

because there is less space

162
Q

Why is it hard to get a deep belly breath when you are pregnant?

A

displacement of the diaphragm upwards occurs due to the increase in the size of uterus

163
Q

What test would you give to absolute beginners?

A

Bruce Treadmill Test

164
Q

What are the fundamental movement skills?

A
  1. Locomotor skills (running, jumping)
  2. Object Control skills (throwing, catching)
  3. Stability skills (balancing, twisting)
165
Q

How much percent of time do Canadian kids spend sedentary of their waking time?

166
Q

Function: Oxytocin

A
  1. Stimulates uterine contractions at end of pregnancy
  2. Stimulates letdown after birth
167
Q

Environmental Factors Contributing to Excess Fat

A
  1. Sedentary lifestyle lowers metabolic rate
  2. Excess energy consumption promotes weight gain
  3. Cost (eating healthy, registration for tournaments, etc)
  4. Preparation
168
Q

True or False: All people produce prolactin at the same time during pregnancy

169
Q

What is Bulimia Nervosa characterized by?

A

repeated bouts of binging and purging

170
Q

If 1 parent is obese, what chance does the child have?

171
Q

What hormone is detected by pregnancy tests?

172
Q

How much does Q % distribution increase during HEAVY exercise?

173
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

wearing down of articular cartilage

exposure of bone surfaces

lactose intolerance

174
Q

Symptoms of cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic disease?

A
  1. Pain or discomfort in the arms, neck, chest, jaw, or other areas that could be indicative of angina or ischemia
  2. Shortness of breath during mild exertion or while resting
  3. Dizziness or syncope
  4. Orthopnea (shortness of breath while lying supine) or paroxysmal dyspnea
  5. Ankle edema
  6. Heart palpations or tachycardia
  7. Intermittent claudication
  8. Heart Murmur
  9. Unusual fatigue occurring with usual activities or shortness of breath with usual activities
175
Q

Function: Estrogen

A
  1. Prepares breasts for lactation
  2. Helps regulate progesterone levels during pregnancy
  3. Rebuilds the endometrial lining after menstruation
  4. Enlarges breasts during pregnancy
176
Q

Definition: WHO Health

A

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absense of disease or infirmity

177
Q

Definition: Hyperventilating

A

rapid breathing leading to an increase in the disposal of CO2

178
Q

Pregnant: Stop and seek medical attention

A
  1. Shortness of breath
  2. Vaginal bleeding
  3. Dizziness
  4. Headache
  5. Chest pain
  6. Amniotic fluid leakage
  7. Decreases fetal movement
  8. Significant calf pain, swelling, or muscle weakness
179
Q

Definition: Cardiac Output

A

the amount of blood pumped through the circulatory system per minute

Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

180
Q

Function: Progesterone

A
  1. Maintains/thickens endometrial lining during pregnancy
  2. Limits the natural movements of the uterus to prevent contractions early in pregnancy
  3. Relaxes smooth muscle tissue of gastro-intestinal tract

* the above functions reduce the risk of premature delivery

181
Q

Definition: Body Dysmorphia

A

mental disorder in which the individual can not stop thinking about one or more perceived flaws or defects in their appearance

Health Promotion Test (2 decks)

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