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Organic chemistry - topic quiz > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Unsaturated

A

A hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond

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2
Q

Functional Group

A

An atom or group of atoms that give organic compounds their characteristic reactions

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3
Q

Homologous series

A

A group of organic compounds that have the same functional group

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4
Q

Organic chemistry

A

carbon molecules or substances

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5
Q

General alkene formula

A

CnH2n

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6
Q

General alkane formula

A

CnH2n+2

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7
Q

Combustion of alkenes

A
  • they burn with a smokier, yellow flame
  • complete and incomplete combustion can occur
  • releases less energy per mole in combustion than alkanes
  • Alkenes are covalently bonded
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8
Q

Ethene complete combustion (equation)

A

C2H4 + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 2H20

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9
Q

Incomplete combustion of alkenes

A

-Produces soot and carbon monoxide

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10
Q

Addition reaction definition

A

Where you break the double bond and add something to the alkene.

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11
Q

Tests (bromine water)

A

Alkane + bromine water = no reaction (orange)

Alkene + bromine water = turns colourless

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12
Q

Addition reactions - hydrogen

A
  • Alkenes are unsaturated so we can add more hydrogen to make them saturated
  • This process is called hydrogenation
  • It occurs at 60c.
  • It uses a nickel catalyst
    e. g Ethene + hydrogen = Ethane
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13
Q

Addition reaction - water/steam

A

Ethanol (and other alcohols can be made from the hydration of ethene and other alkenes
Hydration is the addition of water - this uses a concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst with high temperature and pressure
The reaction is reversible so ethanol breaks down into steam and ethene

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14
Q

Alcohols functional group

A

Functional group = -OH

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15
Q

Uses of alcohol

A

fuels, solvents, drinks, cleansing items

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16
Q

Properties of alcohol

A

water solluble - dissolves in water
pH of alcohol = 7
Alcohols burn with a clear flame

17
Q

Metal and alcohol equation

A

Metal + alcohol = __oxide + hydrogen

e.g Methanol + Sodium = methoxide +hydrogen

18
Q

Ester

A

They are made from a condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
The two products that are made are water + ester

19
Q

Esters functional group

A

-COO

20
Q

Most common Ester

A

Ethyl Ethanoate

The reaction is reversible, and sulphuric acid is the catalyst

21
Q

Producing Ethanol

A

1) Fermentation of sugars
- Anaerobic process
- glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
- The yeast provides the enzyme for fermentation
- Warm temperature between 25-30C.

2) Hydration of ethene (done before)

Organic chemistry - topic quiz (2 decks)

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