Test 1

Question 1

Studied in Egypt and the near east, and learned geometry and astronomy.

Answer 1

Thales

Question 2

Best known philosopher of becoming- constancy is illusion/change is real

Answer 2

Heraclitus

Question 3

Made distinctions between opinion & knowledge- humans only had opinion

Answer 3

Xenophanes

Question 5

Emphasized that like perceives like (not opposites)

Answer 5

Parmenides

Question 7

Believed that appearances are just illusions- only reason can give us truth

Answer 7

Parminedes

Question 8

Thought basic substance of life was fire b/c fire always changed

Answer 8

Heraclitus

Question 11

Believed earth began as fluid, some of which dries to become earth and some of which evaporates to become atmosphere.

Answer 11

Anaximander

Question 12

Famous for philosophy of being (not becoming)- emphasis on unity, permanence, wholeness, perfection in being- the static backdrop of existence. Everything stays the same

Answer 12

Parmenides

Question 13

Famous for saying upon those who step into the same river, different and different waters flow

Answer 13

Heraclitus

Question 14

Coined the term philosophy (philo- to love Sophia- wisdom/knowledge)

Answer 14

Pythagoras

Question 15

Rejected Greek gods

Answer 15

Xenophanes

Question 16

is credited with a number of geometric proofs, most notably the Pythagorean theorem:

Answer 16

Pythagoras

Question 17

Belief that good and bad come down to what I like and what I don’t like, what gives me pleasure and what gives me pain.

Answer 17

Hedonism

Question 18

The philosophical study of how we acquire knowledge or how we know

Answer 18

Epistemology

Question 19

Drew first known map of the inhabited world

Answer 19

Anaximander

Question 20

Suggests that mental reality is caused by physical reality but that it is more than the sum of its physical parts.

Answer 20

Emergentism

Question 22

the nominal first philosopher, and a materialist as well (what is real is matter)

Answer 22

Thales

Question 23

The mental can not be fully understood by simply looking at the physical cause- it goes beyond

Answer 23

Emergentism

Question 24

there is a closed mental system and a closed physical system that function side by side and react to the same external reality but do not influence each other.

Answer 24

Psychological parallelism

Question 25

mental events are real and influence each other and physical events ALSO physical events are real and influence each other and mental events

Answer 25

Interactionism

Question 26

Believed the universe begins as an unformed, infinite mass, which develops over time into the many-faceted world we see around us.

Answer 26

Anaximander

Question 27

the physical word is real (brain) and “mental activity” is merely an overflow or byproduct of brain activity

Answer 27

Epiphenomenalism

Question 28

both mind and brain are the same thing we just have different language to speak about each

Answer 28

Double Aspect monism

Question 29

mind/spirit is center of reality/life

Answer 29

Idealism

Question 30

matter is the basic stuff of reality

Answer 30

Materialism

Question 31

Reality is reflected by many truths many realities

Answer 31

Pluralism

Question 32

Broadly speaking are the theories that suggest there are two fundamental realities- Both are real; neither is an appearance

Answer 32

Dualism

Question 33

Broadly speaking are the theories that suggest there is one reality

Answer 33

Monism

Question 36

His answer to the great question of what the universe is made of was water.

Answer 36

Thales

Question 37

He believed that the world we know is made of up dualities- each pole requiring the existence of its opposite: Up requires down….

Answer 37

Heraclitus

Question 38

His philosophy was also a religion

Answer 38

Pythagoras

Question 42

all things, even human beings, evolved from earth and water by means of natural laws.

Answer 42

Xenophanes

Question 57

One of the first to reject religion as the seat of all knowledge and instead focused on rational thought

Answer 57

Thales