Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Lifestyle impact on health and wellness

A

Rest

Diet

Level of activity

Stress, coping ability

Substance abuse

High risk sex

Travel

Environmental/Occupational status

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2
Q

Benefits of Exercise

A

Increases cardiovascualr function

Decreases mortality in individuals with CAD

Favorable changes in metabolism of carbs and lipids

Increases hemodynamis, hormonal, metabolic, neurologic, resp function

Increase immune function

Improve psychological functioning

Improve postural stability

Improve strenght and stability

Increase sensitivity to insulin

Facilitates boprythms and thermoregulation

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3
Q

Biopsychosocial benefits of exercise

A

Reduce/precvent functional decrease assoc with aginh

Aides in weight loss/control

Maintain/Increase cardiovascular function

Strength training helps to maintin muscle mass

Decrease ae related bone loss

Psychological benefits

Decreases disease risk factors

Decrease incidence of some cancers

Contribute to social integration

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4
Q

Disease prevention

3 stages

A

Primary - decrease risk factors (wear helmet, immunizations)

Secondary - early detection (mamogram, colonoscopy)

Tertiary - Limit impact of the disease. Return pt to highest level of function

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5
Q

Obesity

A

Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue

Individuals with a BMI > 30 kg/m2

An imalance btwn energy consumed and energy used. Unused energy is stored as adipose.

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6
Q

Obesity

Complications

A

Metabolic syndrome

Types 2 diabetes

Osteoarthritis

Liver disease

Sleep apnea

Artherosclerosis

HTN

Stroke

Asthma

Cancer

Menstrual disorder

Infertility

Impaired mobility

Premature death

Psychological disturbances (Irritability, loneliness, depression, binge eating, tension)

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7
Q

Obesity

And exercies

A

Perception of angina pectoris or MI

Excessive rise in BP

Ligamentous injury

Aggrevation of jt problems, degenerative arthritis

Fall injury

Excessive sweating

Skin disorder (chafing)

Heat stroke/exhaustion

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8
Q

Health

A

Complete state of well being, mental, social, physical.

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9
Q

Illness

A

Any deviation from a healthy state Pt’s perception and response

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10
Q

Illness –>

A

DIsibility which may lead to disease

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11
Q

Acute illness

A

Relatively rapid onset, short duration

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12
Q

Stages of acute illness

A

First stage: physical symptoms identified and recognized Second: Assumtion of the “Sick” role Third: Acceptance of diagnoses and treatment Fourth: Recovery and rehab

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13
Q

Chronic illness

A

*Permanent impairments and disibility

*Residual disibility

*Need for special rehab and/or long term managment

*Some have periods of acutness (flare ups)

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14
Q

Sodium

Lab value

A

Influences blood volumn

Related to the amount of water in the system, not how much sodium itself

N: 135 - 145mmol/ liter

“natremia”

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15
Q

Magnesium

Lab values

A

Increased: Muscle weakness, confuseion, decrease reflexes

Decreased: Fatigue, weakness, anxiety, irritability

“magnesemia”

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16
Q

Glucose

Lab values

A

Often tested after fasting blood sugar (FBS)

80-120 mg/dl

Impact on exercise

Eating will increase blood sugar

Exercise will decrease blood sugar; do not treat before eating or after receiving insulin

“glycemia”

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17
Q

Potassium

Lab values

A

Provides info about renal and adrenal function

decreased: fatigue, muscle cramping, cardiac dysarrythmias (irregular HR, dizziness, palpitations)

Impact on exercise:

Hypokalemia - mvmnt becomes difficult, exercise carefully or not at all

“kalemia”

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18
Q

Calcium

Lab values

A

Influence the excitability of neurons, cardiac and skeletal muscles

Can produce weakness, spasms, alt sensation, cardiac arrythmias

“calcemia”

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19
Q

Blood urea Nitrate (BUN)

Lab value

A

Evaluates kidney function. differential diagnosis if kidney disease is suspected and to monitor treatment. (Closely monitored in burn patients)

Impact on exercise:

increased -> renal failure

Decreased - > Liver disease

Levels themselves do not contraindicate therapy, effect on liver and kidney disease may.

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20
Q

Platelets

Lab Values

A

Decreased by excessive bleeding, coagulation disorders, autoimmune disorder, histocapatability problems

Indications of low platelets include unexplained bruising and long coagulation time.

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21
Q

Red Blood cell count

Lab test

A

Complete blood count test

Indicates blood capacity to carry oxygen

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22
Q

White blood cells

Lab test

A

Complete blood count

increase or decrease with disease. May be sign of infection, or inflammatory response (with increase). Decrease with bone marrow disease, chemo, indicates risk for infection.

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23
Q

Hematocrit

Lab Values

A

Indicates anemia

Decreased exercise tolerance, aerobic capacity, endurance, orthosttatic toleraance

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24
Q

Hemoglobin

Lab values

A

Influences a person’s endurance and orthostatic tolerance, increase fatigue and tachycardia

decreased: difficulty walking, climbing stairs, house/yard work

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25
Q

Coagulations studies

Lab tests

A

Prothrombin time (PT) - used to determine coagulability and monitor anticoagulant therapy (heparin, warafin). Ho wlong it takes for blood clot

International Normalized ratio (INR) - Measures the time it takes for blood to clto and compares to an avg.

Patrial Thromboplastin time (PTT) - Measures of clot time

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26
Q

Pulmonary Fucntion Test

A

Statuc lung volumes

Dynamic breathing tests

Physiologic tests:

tests airways and lung structures. Record volumes of air moved by lungs during respiration and how well O2 is moved into the blood

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27
Q

Stress response

A

Increased HR and BP

changesin respiratory system

Release of glucose and adrenaline

Redirection of blood supply (brain and muscles)

Decreaseed blood clotting time

Increase sweat production

Decrease paristalsis and gut function

contraction of spleen

decreased immune response (chronic)

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28
Q

Substance abuse

A

Excessive use of mood effecting chemicals

Alcoholism, drug, tabacco, ceffiene, use of alcohol with meds

Biochemical disorder: may activate brain centers that regulate arousal, reward and satisfaction (dopamine receptors)

50-80% of SCI, TBI were injured while under tht influence

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29
Q

Eating disorders

A

Anerexia Nervosa

Bulima Nervosa

Binge-eating disorder

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30
Q

Eating Disorder

Implications on PT

A

Vital sign instability

Muscular weakness/cramping

Por posture

Overuse inj

Easy bruising

Poor wound healing

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31
Q

Eating Disorders

Complications

A

Electrolyte imbalance

Edema and dehydration

Cardio abnormalities

Kidney Dysfunction

Neurologic abnormalities

Endocrine dysfunction

Muscle weakness

Psychologic disturbance

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32
Q

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms

A

Dilerium

Motor hyperactivity

Hyperalertness

Diaphoresis

HTN

Pounding HA

N/V/D

Anxiety

Irritability

Tachycardia

Abd pain

Anorexia

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33
Q

Phsychosomatic Disorders

A

Somatoform Disorder:

Physical symptoms caused by psychological factors. No cause for physical pain

Hypochondriasis - Aches and pains are thought to be worse than they are

Pain disorder - experience pain without a cause

Conversion disorder - SYptoms that are experienced have characteristics of neurological disorders

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34
Q

Anti-Psychotics

(neuroleptics)

A

Treats psychosis

Used to help normalize thought disturbances

SIde effects: pseudoparksonism, dystonis, restlessness, involuntary mvmts, dry mouth, blurred vision, hypotension

Long term: can cause neurological, musculoskeletal, psychological side effects

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35
Q

Tranquilizers

sedatives

A

Relax

REduce coordination

Orthostatic falls

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36
Q

Mood disorders

A

Unipolar depression

Bipolar depression

Organic mood disorder - changes in brain assoc with trauma or disease (TBI, MS)

Schizophrenia

Seasonal affective disorder

Depression

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37
Q

Bipolar Disorder Agents

A

Mood stabilizer

Controls manic episodes

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38
Q

Chronic Pain disorder

A

Pain that persists past normal healing time (3-6 months)

Conditions:

Arthritis, back pain, neuralgia, peripheral neuropathies, PVD, Hyperesthesia, phantom pain, fibromyalgia, spinal stenosis

Pt focus: Increase function, not pain relief

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39
Q

Anxiety Disorders

(neuroses disorders)

A

Genreal emotional state of fear usually assoc with a heightened state of physiologic arousal

Panic disorder

Obsesive Compulsive Disorder

Post traumatic stress disorder

Phobia disorders

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40
Q

Antidepressants

A

Alleviate depression or anxiety

Side effects:

Dry outh

Blurred visoi

Orthostatic hypertension

Cardiac (arrythmias, tachycardia)

HA

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41
Q

Common drugs to cause adverse RXN in the aging population

A

Corticosteroids

Digoxin

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

Anticoagulants

Insulin (o.d)

Aspirin

Tranquilizers

Seductive - hpnotics

Antacids

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42
Q

Signs of adverse drug reaction in the elderly

A

Dry mouth

Restlessness

Nausea

Orthostatis hypertension

Depression

Confusion, delirium

Constipation

Incontinence

Fatigue

Impaired memory/concentration

Extrapyramidal sydrome (involuntary muscle mvmnts)

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43
Q

Tradive Dyskinesia

A

Repetitve involuntary purposless mvmnts (tongue protrusion, lip smacking, puckering lips, rapid eye blinking)

Developed after prolonged use of neuroleptic drugs

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44
Q

Drug rxn

Implications for PT

A

Observe and communicate

Known common drugs and their side effects

Exercise influences how meds are metabolized, absorbed, distributed, and excreted.

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45
Q

Rate of perceived exertion

A

How th pt feels right now not compaire to another time. Valid and accurate

Each facility may use a different scale.

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46
Q

General adverse drug RXN

A

Rashes

Fever

Jaundice

Nasal congestion

HA

Abd cramps

Shakiness

Vomiting

Alt taste

Jt or muscle pain

Anxiety

Dizzness

Dyspnea

Hypo/hypertension

Tachycardia

Palpitations

Cardica arrest

Seizures

Laryngeal edema

Pulmonary edema

skin rxn (itchy, burn, blisters, uticaria)

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47
Q

NSAID’s

Implications for PT

A

Caution with prolonged use

Plan treatment to coincide with peak of meds (2hrs)

May increase BP

May influence effects of other meds

May increase plasma concentrate

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48
Q

Antihypertensive agnets

A

Effects: Hypotension, orthostasis (BP decreases within 3 min of standing) and falls

Reduced exercise capacity

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49
Q

Sedative Hynotic Agents

A

Alleviate insomnia/ frequent awakings

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50
Q

Insulin and oral Hypoglycemics

A

Hypoglycemia

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51
Q

Thyroid Medication

A

Effects: Alt metabolic state

Impaired cardiopulmonary function

Myalgia, stiffness, trigger points

52
Q

Pain medication

Narcotics, opiods

A

Effects: Blunted resp response

Sedation

Lethargy

Muscle weakness

Incoordination

53
Q

Diuretics

A

Effects: Dehydration - orthostasis and falls, thermoregulatory disturbances

Increased HR with all activities

Hypokalemia - arrythmias, muscle cramps

54
Q

Acute Inflammation

A

The intial response to tissue injsury. (Redness, warmth, edema, pain, loss of function)

Systemic effects: Fever, tachycardia, hypermetabolic state, changes in blood

55
Q

Chronic Inflammation

A

Reults from a persistant injury, repeated episode of acute inflammation, infection, cell mediated immune response, and foeign body reactions.

Systemic effects: Low grade fever, malaise, weight loss, anemia, fatigue, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, fibrosis, progressive tissue damage, loss of function

56
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

Primary - congenital defect

Secondary: result of disease or some other factor. Iatrogenic, results from a drug reaction

Systemic effects: Predisposition to bacterial, viral or fungal infections

57
Q

Malignant tumors

A

Systemic effects:

Gradual and rapis weight loss

Muscular weakness

Anorexia

Anemia

Coagulation disorder

Bone erosion

Liver, GI, pulmonary or vascular obstruction

58
Q

Adverse Drug RXN

A

Unwanted, potentially harmful effects produced by meds

Risk Factors: Age, gender, ethnicity, alcohol use, new drug, # of drus, dosage, herbal compound use, duration of treatment, non’compliance, sm stature, underlying conditions

59
Q

NSAID’s

A

Used to reduce inflammtaion, relieve pain, reduce fever

Used post op for pain, musculoskeletal conditions, inflammatory rheumatic disease

60
Q

Effects of NSAID’s

A

GI syptoms, toxicity

Renal - Na retention, edema

Decreased kidney effectiveness

Interact with HTN meds affecting kidney function

Antiplatelet activity

61
Q

Immunosuppressive agents

A

Used in bone marrow and organ transplants

Effects: non-immune toxicity

Effects related to immunosuppression (development of fungal, bacterial infections)

Increase in some cancers

62
Q

Immunosuppressive agents

Implications for PT

A

Wash hands to avoid exposing the patient to infection or contagious conditions

Intervention for side effects

Interventiosn due sto rehab and prolonged illness (alt sensation)

63
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Decrease inflammation

Transplantation

Autoimmune disorder

Reps distress

Immunosuppression

Replacement for adrenal insufficiency in treatment of cancer

anabolic steroid in athletes

64
Q

Effects of corticosteroids

A

Metabolic, endocrine

cardiovascular

immune

musculoskeletal

GI

nervous

Opthalmologic

Integumentary

65
Q

Corticosteroids

Implications for PT

A

Mask the pain, supress the inflammatory RXN

More susceptible to infection

Exercise can delay or decrease harmful side effects if able to participate (localized injection: Don’t exercise, moves meds away from where they should be)

Monitor vital signs carefully (especially with fluid imbalance.)

*Facility may limit exercise based on WBC, Blood glucose levels

66
Q

Radiation

A

Post treatment: protocol from infections

Protect skin (trauma irritation)

Side effects are influenced byt the area of exposure

Ability to respond to exercise can be effected by scarring of lung and heart tissue

(low to med intensity aerobic exercise can increase physical function, decrease fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances)

67
Q

Radiation

Acute side affects

A

Fatigue

Decreased appitite

Changes in behavior, cognition

Short term memory loss

Ataxia (sub-acute)

Fatigue, decreased endurance

Rad pneumonitis

Errythema

Edema

Dryness, itchy

Epilation, hair loss

Nail destruction

Epidermolysis

Decreased wound healing

GI, anorexia, dysphagia

N/V/D, dry mouth, esophagitis

Intestinal stenosis

Urinary dysfunction

68
Q

Ataxia

A

Uncoordinated movement is a muscle control problem or an inability to finely coordinate movements.

69
Q

Epilation

A

The removal of hair by chemical or mechanical means

70
Q

Radiation

Delayed side effects

A

Soft tissue fibrosis

Contractures

Atrophy

Arthopedic deformity

Myelopathy

Cerebral inj

Neuro cognitive effects

Radionecrosis

Plexopathy

Gait abnormalitites

Radiation fibrosis

Cardiotaxicity

CAD

MI

Pericarditis

Hepatitis (inflammation of liver)

malignancy

Nephritis

Cataracts

lymphedema

Skin scarring

71
Q

Cancer

Implications for PT

A

Infection control

Bone marrow suppression can decrease exercising ability due to decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC

*Platelet <50,000

*hemoglobin <10

*WBC <3000 (>10,000 with a fever, don’t exercise)

Cardiac percautions

Resp compromised

Neuropathies: sensory loss, weakness, inbalance

Low to mod exercise, aerobic (30 mins)

72
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Usually systemic

Drugs are absorbed faster and in larger quantity by the cancer cell

Generally non-specific

Effects: toxicity, v/n, hair loss, fatigue, neuropathies (CNS, PNS), suppression of bone marrow production

73
Q

Vasculitis

A

Inflammation of blood vessels. Can cause narrowing, occlusion, aneurysm, or rupture

Symptoms:

Fever

Jt pain

Malaise

Arthritis

Weight loss

Can be the primary disease or a component of another (RA, infection, malignancy)

74
Q

Rheumatoid Arhtritis

A

Progressive autoimmune disease affecting synovial tissue and joints. Can also involve muscles, eyes, lungs, heart, and skin

Associated with vasculitis, anemia, osteoporosis, osteopenia

75
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Acute of chronis infection primarily effecting the lungs.

Can also effect renal system, skeletal, GI tract, meninges, genitals

76
Q

Scleroderma

A

Connective tissue disorder characterized by thickening and fibrosis of the skin

Can also affect the lungs, GI, Kidney

77
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Scarring of tissues

Fibrosis of heart, lung, kidney and bone

78
Q

Multiple Organ Dysfunction syndrome

A

Multiple organ failure associated with critically ill individuals

Associated with burns, sepsis, surgery, severe inflammatory process

Pt’s can recover

79
Q

Fluid/ Electrolyte imbalance

A

Caused by dehydration. Common among the elderly with limited or controlled food intake

Changes balance or calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium

80
Q

Signs of electrolyte imbalance

A

Changes in skin temp

Turgor

Muscle fatigue, twitching, cramping

Changes in DTR (deep tendon reflex)

Seizures

Depression

Memory Impairment

Delusions, hallucinations

Edema

Changes in viatl signs

Tachycardia

Orthostatic Hypotension

Changes in RR (Dyspnes)

Confusion, Alt Ment Status

81
Q

Cancer causes

A

Endongenous (genetic)

Exogenous (environmnetal)

Viruses

chemicals

physical agents

Drugs

hormones

excessive alcohol consumption

82
Q

Differentiation

A

Process where normal cells undergo changes and are no longer distinguishable

83
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

84
Q

Dysphasia

A

DIfficulty speaking

85
Q

Dysplasia

A

Disorganization of cells. Changes in size shape or organization.

86
Q

Metaplasia

A

Fisrt level of dysplasia.

Reversible

87
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in the number of tissue cells

88
Q

TUmors

A

Abnormal groth of new tissue with no purpose. Benign or malignant (primary-normal to that structure. Secondary-metastasis)

89
Q

Innate immunity

A

Non specific, without memory

(ie Inflammation…)

Natural

90
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

Specifitc, developes because of exposure

(ie allergy, influenza)

Secondary immunity

91
Q

Factors effecting immunity

A

Stress

diet

rest

Environment

exercisse

meds

trauma

chemical exposure

92
Q

Exercise and the immune system

A

Regualar moderate exercise has minimal affects on the immune system. Helps to prevent neuroendorcrine disease.

Moderate exercise can enhance the immune system. Protect against disease associated with chronic low grade systemic inflammtion and decrease symtpoms of a URI

Extreme exercise can increase WBC which helps to fight off infection. Post marathon running, immune system has decreased and symptoms of a URI increase. (6-25 hr recovery)

93
Q

AIDS

A

Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Viral infection of the immune system

Exercise in influenced by the stage. Tolerance decreases

Used for pain relief, increase function, increase appetite, increase endurance, decrease anxiety, increase mood

94
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Allergix RXN

Can develope over time

Anaphylaxis - widespread release of histamine resulting in systemic vasodilation, broncho spasm, edema, increased musuc production

Wheezing, hypotension, erythemia, swelling, hives

95
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

CVhronic muscle pain

Collection of sysmptoms. Common development of motor points symmetrically

Hard to diagnose

Autoimmune disease

96
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin - Resistant Enterococci

Multidrug, resistant, TB

97
Q

HIV

A

Immunosuppresive infection, bloodborne pathogen

Antibiotic resistant organism and resurgence of TB

Do not perform exposure prone invasive procedures until counsel from an expert review panel has been sought.

Occupational post exposure prophylaxis - anti viral meds within 1 hr of exposure

98
Q

MRSA

A

Mthacillian resistant Stephlococcus Aureus

Nonsocomial

Isolation and PTE

99
Q

Symptoms of infectious disease

A

Fever

Chills

Malaise

Rash

Red streaks

Inflamed lymph nodes

Delrium (in the elderly)

100
Q

C-DIFF

A

Assoc with exposure to bacterial causeing a change in the host flora

Risk factors: Long-term care facilities

Fecal, oral route

Persistant diarrhea

Bacterial infection

Use Soap and Water for cleaning (not hand sanitizer)

101
Q

Staphylococcal Infection

A

Most common bacterial pathogen

Inreased risk of infection for pt with diabetes, HIV, hemodialysis, IV drug users, Chronic skin lesions, burn pt’s, prosthetics, cath, corticosteroid

102
Q

Streptococcus Infections

A

Group A (GAS) is one of the most common bacterial pathogens

Scarlet fever - erythematous rash that blanches with pressure

Impetigo - Macules form into vesicles that become postular and encrusted

Erysipelas - Fever, chills, red, shiny, swollen skin

Strep necrotizing fasciitis - gangrene

103
Q

Pseudomonas

A

Primarily acquired through nonsocomial and SNF

Bacterial Infection

104
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Bloodborne viral pathogen

Transmitted by parents, sexual partners, injection drugs

Most common cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cancer

Vaccines are available

105
Q

Hepatitis C

A

Bloodbourn viral pathogen

Assoc with drug injection use

High assoc with Chronic Hepatitis and liver CA

No vaccine

parents can transmit to children

106
Q

Airborne precautions

A

Inhaled particals

Negative pressure rooms

Wear personal resp protection

Limit transportation

Pt is to wear mask when out of the room

107
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

Wear mask and gown when within 3 ft of pt

Larger particals

Door can be left open

limit transportation

Mask worn by pt when out of the room

108
Q

Contact precautions

A

Gloves are worn and changed after contact

Gown is worn when contact with pt or bed

109
Q

Barrier Precautions

A

PPE

Fluid proof gowns

Googles, mask, gloves

No eating, drinking, applying lip balm near pt

110
Q

Hepatic System

A

Liver

Function: Sole source of plasma protein, production of clotting factors, storage of vitamins, conversion and excretions of bilirubin

Nutritional absorption and metabolism

111
Q

Hepatitis

A

Acute/ Chronic Inflammation of the liver

Symptoms include: Malaise, fatigue, mild fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia

Implications for PT: Follow standard precautions, pt’s are limited mobility which increases which recovery

112
Q

Jaundice

A

Accumulation of bilirubin in the blood

Yellow discoloration of the skin

Can indicated liver disease, hepatitis, obstruction in the biliary tract (gallstone, pancreatic CA)

113
Q

Pancreas

A

Plays a key role in digestions

Endocrine gland that secretes hormones insulin, and gluegon. Also produces digestive enzymes

114
Q

Panreatitis

A

Acute/chronic, can result in autodigestion (Progressive destruction of the pancreatic tissue)

Acute: Breif, mild, reversible, often assoc with gallstone and alcoholism

Symptoms: Back pain with diarrhea, painful after meals, anorexia, unexplained weight loss

Implications for PT: Heat, teach positioning, rest, eating (after tenderness and pain resolved)

115
Q

Pancreatic Cancer

A

Risk factors: age, Hx, tobacco use, male, pre peptic ulcer surgery

Signs: Initially non-specific and vague, pain, weight loss jaundice

Implications for PT: Mobility, surgergical care, tx of chronic pain or hospice

116
Q

Biliary

A

Gallbladder

Acts as a bile reservoir

Contracts to release bile to assist with digestion

117
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones

Found in radiologic exams performed for other reasons. Presents with RUQ pain radiating to mid lower back with general GI complaints.

Occurs more likely in the older population

Presence obstructs the flow of bile.

118
Q

Cholelithiasis and exercise

A

Prevenative

Post-op: Deep breathing and coughing

leg exercises

early mobilization

119
Q

Diabetes

A

Chronic systemic dissorder characterized by hyperglycemia and poor metabolisim of carbs, fats, and protein

Type 1, Type 2, Prediabetic

Key signs: Lethargy, thirst, weakness, n/v, Flushed skin, fast deep breaths

Glucose levels: N- 80-120, prediabetic- 100-125, diabetic->125

Leading cause of blindness and renal failure

120
Q

Diabetes Type 2

A

Adult onset. Most common form. results from cellular resistance to insulin

Risk factors: Family Hx, ethnicity, obese, >45 y.o, sedentary, HTN, Hx vascular disease and smoking

Treated with diet, hypoglycemic agents, exercise, insulin, and weight control

Signs: Abn thirst, freq urination, visual blurring, infections

121
Q

Diabetes Type 1

A

Absolute deficiency of insulin production and secretion

Abrupt onset affecting <25 y.o. Treated with insulin, diet, exercise

Risk fctors: Prescence of type 1 DM in primary family

Signs: polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss with polyphagia, blurred vision

122
Q

Poly -

A

More than usual, excessive

  • Uria frequent urination
  • Dipsia increased thirst
  • Phagia increase appitite
123
Q

Diabetes Contraindications to exercise

A

Poor control of glucose levels

Unevaluated, poorly controlled: HTN, Retinopathy, Neuropathy, Nephropathy

Recent photocoagulation or surgery for retinopathy

Dehydration

Extreme environmental temps

124
Q

Diabetes after exercise

A

Monitor glucose levels every 15 mins

Increase caloric intake for 12-24 hrs

Reduce insulin (peaks @ evening/night)

125
Q

Diabetes before exercise

A

Exercise a min of 1 hr after meals, 2 hrs is good

Monitor glucose levels

Do not exercise with levels >250

DM1 increase food decrease insulin

Low to no ketones to begin

Increase insulin with menstruating

126
Q

Diabetes during exercise

A

Regularyly 5x wk

Optimally 40-60 mins

Replace fluid loss

Monitor glucose every 30 mins

Do not exercise alone

Carb snack every 30 mins

127
Q

Basic Rules for Diabetes

A

100-125 is safe. Still want to tighten up and moderate control of levels

<100, give a carb snack. retest 15 mins

Do not exercise when <70

Btwn 70-100 is symptoms dependant (no symptoms= no food)

Do not exercise >250 with presence of ketosis

Juice and Honey if hypoglycemic

Do not exercise @ peak insulin times

Increased insulin may be requireed when pt is stressed

Avoid night exercising