Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Empirical
A
Questions of what is
2
Q
What is Normative
A
Questions of what should be
3
Q
Are facts empirical or normative
A
empirical
4
Q
Are values empirical or normative
A
normative
5
Q
What key word helps identify empirical questions
A
is
6
Q
What key word helps identify normative questions
A
ought
7
Q
Can an empirical question prove a normative question
A
no
8
Q
Can a normative question prove an empirical question
A
no
9
Q
What is a problem with normative vs empirical questions
A
people have different ideas and starting points on what is normative
10
Q
Why do people have different ideas and starting points for defining what is normative
A
we are exposed to different ideas and sources of information
11
Q
In chemistry and engineer do we start with empirical or normative
A
normative values
12
Q
Is empirical value free
A
no
13
Q
Is normative just an opinion
A
no
14
Q
Is there a wall between empirical and normative
A
no
15
Q
When did Thomas Hobbes write
A
1600s (17th century)
16
Q
How does Hobbes describe humans
A
they are similar to each other in that they all have desires and wants
17
Q
Does Hobbes believe in a government
A
no
18
Q
What does Hobbes believe in
A
an organization where there is no government
19
Q
What state is the organization in if there is no government
A
the state of nature, no social organization
20
Q
In the state of nature what can’t you do if someone takes something from you
A
can’t call authority
can’t ask and get it back
21
Q
How would you be able to get something back in Hobbes view of state of nature
A
take back by force
make a trade or extorsion
22
Q
What are two big problems in the state of nature
A
force and fraud
23
Q
In the state of nature, what is there NOT room for
A
industry and agriculture
24
Q
In the state of nature, what is the lot of man
A
solitary, poor, nasty, brutish
25
Does Hobbes believe man does or doesn't have ration
man does have ration
26
What are the problems with trade in the state of nature
broken promises
27
What is the mechanism to bring order to a society
Sovereign/ government
28
What can government tell us
what is and isn't ethical
29
What can the government do
make decisions, allow protection from each other, enforce rules
30
What does Hobbes say in regards to why we have government
to bring order to society and to protect us from each other
31
What are the 3 things that government can do
bring order
protect ourselves from others
protect us from ourselves
32
What three questions need addressed and answered for us to agree on political philosophy
is there a God/if so What is He like
Is there ethical absolutes
What are Humans like
33
What word do we use when a punishmnt is considered overly severe
Draconian
34
Where does the word Draconian come from
an Athenian named Draco
35
Who was Draco
established a code of laws which rather than promoting stability and equality became known for their terrible severity
36
What amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment by the civil government
Eighth Amendment
37
What is a caveat
a warning
38
How does Hobbes respond to the question is there ethical absolutes. Are there any transcendent moral values
He says no, the sovereign must decide these
39
How do liberals answer the question what are humans like
inherently bad and need government
40
How do conservatives answer the question what are humans like
inherently bad but improvable and do not need government
41
If there are no overarching ethics, what is difficult to figure out
transcendental ethics if no higher being
42
What does Hobbes call the government
Leviathan
43
What is Leviathan
a great sea monster found in the book of Job
44
Is Leviathan a good or bad type of government
a good type
45
What type of government would be ideal according to Hobbes
a large and powerful
46
In the state of nature, what are the resource for humans like
scarce
47
What is the first rule in the state of nature
to look out for one's self, preserve one's self
48
What 3 reasons for our need for government
1. bring order to society by protecting us from ourselves and each other
2. Provides for the common defense (foreign attacks)
3. Provides goods and services that individuals (private sector) and markets cannot sufficiently provide
49
What are examples of goods and services that the government can provide
```
Public education
Post offices and mail
Roads and mass transportations
Public utilities (water, sewers, and electric)
Currency
Police
Healthcare
```
50
What are three problems with having a government
1. we may not all agree on the goals of the government and the sovereign
2. We may not agree on how to ethically accomplish them
3. We are in conflict of our priorities
51
Where does the answer to all 3 of these problems lie
in justice and how we view justice
52
What is the difference between disagreeing ethically on how to accomplish something vs conflict in priorities
In ethically disagreeing we believe that the other person's view is wrong, in priorities we say the others views are OK but we have our priorities off
53
What is Neikerks definition of Politics
the authoritative resolution of conflict through the allocation of values and resources
54
What does authoritative resolution of... NOT mean
everyone is happy
the issue will never come back up again
the sovereign has reached technically and ethically solution
55
What DOES resolution of... mean
Decision has been made where there is conflict
56
What DOES authoritative resolution mean
it binds us all, the decision applies to us all
| Sovereign has right to take away property, liberty, life to make decisions
57
Government has what...
authority
58
What DOES through the allocation of values and resources mean
can tell where the resources will be used
| decides what he values to act, value judgment that stands for us all
59
What is the ultimate expression of government
budget, time, people, power
60
What is the ultimate expression of priorities
where we use our resources
61
In Neikerk's definition of politics, what is he NOT saying about values
government determines ethics
62
What is Neikerk saying ABOUT values
every decision the Sovereign makes is value related, and the decisions made are taken to make an impact of our values
63
Every decision made by the sovereign is what type of decision
a value decision
64
What is an oxymoron
extreme opposites, exaggeration
65
What is Neikerk's definition of government
offices and roles that are established in a society to make these authoritative decisions
66
What are offices
where the power is in the position rather than the people
67
What are roles
accepted and expected patterns of behavior usually enforced informally
68
What article in the constitution is about parties
none of them
69
Where does the power to make authoritative decisions rest
in offices not individuals
70
What is an example of power lieing in Office not Individual
Office of President not Donald Trump
71
Why doesn't the constitution talk about political parties
it is not a formal structure
72
What is the relationship between government and politics
if you want to understand the gods of a country look at its laws
Is it possible to keep religion out of politics
73
What is Russel Kirk's view on politics and religion
politics inefforably are built on religion
74
What does Reichley believe about religion and politics
they are intertwined
75
Why does Reichley believe religion and politics are intertwined
they rest on cultural basises
76
Does Kirk believe society can function on basic values
no
77
How does Kirk believe that societies can function together
if they share the same values
78
What does Kirk believe our laws reflect
basic fundamental values
79
What are the 7 value systems that each culture picks one to link religion and politics
```
monism
secular egoism
authoritarianism
idealism
personalism
civil humanism
theist humanism
```
80
What is monism view
we should only seek the spiritual and resist the material
81
In a monistic view what should occur to our physical needs
should all be put away
82
What type of view do we hold of existence
totally spiritualized view
83
What is a secular egoistic view
we reduce all value to the drives and appetites of an individual
84
What does value rely upon in the secular egoistic view
the needs and desires of a person
85
Are the values in the secular egoistic view absolute
no as they change based upon the individuals feelings
86
Are there transcendent ethics in the secular egoistic view
no
87
How is good defined in the secular egoistic view
individuals acting out of self interest
88
What is the authoritarianitic view
basing value entirely on the welfare of a social group
89
How are values based in the authoritarianism view
that of the majority's will, depends truly on what the group thinks
90
Are there transcendent ethics in authoritariansm view
no
91
Are the values in the authoritarianism view absolute
no they change with the attitudes of the group
92
What is Idealism
identify goals of social group, finding ethical values in context of a group
93
What is a bureacrat
someone who works for the government
94
In idealism, is there transcendent ethics
yes
95
Where do transcendent ethics come from in idealism
they are there but the group helps you find them
96
What is Personalism
pursuing transcendence through individual experience
97
Are there transcendent ethics in personalism
yes
98
Does the personal experience create the ethics
no, only identifies them
99
Do you need other Christians to help identify ethics in personalism
no, only your self
100
What is Civil Humanism
balances the rights of the individuals against the needs of the group
101
Is there transcendent ethics in civil humanism
no
102
Is there moral law in Civil humanism
no
103
What is theist humanism
discovering ethics through both the individual and the group
104
Is there transcendent ethics in theist humanism
yes
105
Which views are culture based and no transcendent ethics
egoism
authoritarianism
civil humanism
106
Which views have overarching ethics and apply to all people
personalism,
idealism,
theist humanism
107
Which views apply to the individual
egoism, monism, personalism
108
Which views apply to the group
authoritarianism
civil humanism
idealism
theist humanism
109
Which view has neither transcendental ethics or no belief
monism
110
In order for a society to function, what must they do to these views
only pick and live by one
111
What does Reichley believe about a society and what view they pick to live by
the society will not last unless they pick a view with transcendental values
112
What are the 4 possible models of how organized religion and politics relate
separationists
social activists
accomodationists
direct interventionists
113
What are the two dimensions in which religion and politics intertwine
degree of institutional separation
| church's role in public policy formation
114
What is the degree of institutional separation
how seperated does the church as an institution need to be from politics
115
What is the church's role in public policy formation mean
development of ideas, what degree should church give a say in public policy
116
What are separationists seeking
strict separation of church and state, small role of churches in politics and in forming political policy
117
What is the size of separation of church and state for separationists
strict
118
What is the size of the role for churches in politics for separationists
small role
119
Under separationists view, does a church have institutional ties
no
120
Under separationists view, does a church have a say in what are good policies
no
121
What is the church's role in the separationist view
to build values and morals and individuals can then apply to politics
122
What is an example group for separationists
conservative protestants
123
What is an Accomodationist believe
there should be a moderate degree of seperation with a moderate role in public
124
What is the size of the separation of church and state for accomodationists
moderate
125
What is the size of the role for church's who are accomodationists
moderate
126
Who is an example of being an accomodaitonist
Billy Graham
127
Why is Billy Graham an accomodationist
he advises presidents but will not say publically about abortion
128
What is the church's role in being an accomodationist
church can help in government
priest can run for office
set moral direction for public
129
What is a Social Activist
the church and state should be institutionally seperate but should play a large role in public formation
130
WHat is the size of separation between church and state for social activists
strict
131
What is the size of the role of church in public for social activists
large
132
What is the role of the church in public for social activists
tell government what is ethical, but priests cannot run for office
133
What is an example group of social activists
Roman Catholics
134
What are Direct Interventionists
they have a moderate degree of separation, large role of church in politics
135
What is the degree of separation for direct interventionists
moderate
136
What is the size of the role of churches in politics for direct interventionists
large
137
Who are examples of Direct Interventionists
```
Martin Luther King Jr. Civil Rights
Ben Carson
Jesse Jackson
Pat Riley
Jerry Falwell
```
138
In the 18th and 19th century, most prostetants held what model of religion and politics
interventionists
139
Most of the prostetant religions today hold what model of religion and politics
social activists or separationists
140
WHat led to change to theologically conservative protestant church's
Changing immigration patterns
141
What was the change of immigraiton patterns
18th/19th century had mainly protestants, while 19th/20th century were mainly Roman Catholic/Orthodox
142
What is escatology
pertaining to the end times
143
What is a post millenial view
world continues to get better and better, Christ's kingship is now and people will increasingly recognize Christ as King
144
What is a pre millenial view
reign of Christ is still in the future
145
What is a millenial
1000 years
146
As more religions become a thing, why is being an interventionist difficult
no religion consensus
147
Can church's be bought
potentially via the 5013C internal revenue code
148
What does the 5013C code indicate
that a person who makes a donation to a non profit organization can reduce that much off their total income, thus reducing their taxes
149
Organizations that are under the 5013C code have what limitation
they cannot preach politically or bring politics into
150
If an organization under the 5013C is caught bringing politics into discussion, what occurs
they lose their tax exemption
151
What things caused the theological shift in churches
german higher criticism
| escatology
152
How does german higher criticism affect the view of churchs
raised questions about historical spiritual views and promoted church's from not being involved in politics since it affects other groups
153
How does escatology result in the shift of views of churches
a shift from post to pre millenial occurred
154
What is the problem in being pre millenial view
Christs reign is in the future, therefore the church cannot be listened to and can only play the role of saving people from the mud
155
What is the benefit of being post millenial
Since there are patterns occurring within the world, the church goes out and you have hope that the society will mend its way
156
How does a post millenial view affect politics
since christs return is at hand, more people will seek Christ and therefore this turn to Christ will include politics
157
How does a pre millenial view affect politics
Since Christ's return is in the future, Christianity will only increase in the future. World will not recognize Christ, therefore no need for church to be involved in politics
158
In a pre millenial view, what is the job of the church
to save people
159
In a pre millenial view, how will politics affect the church
it will infect the church
160
What piece did Dawson write
the significance of western development
161
When was the significance of western development written
1950
162
What is the time setting of this piece
Dark Ages
163
When were the Dark Ages
500-1000AD
164
How did the west develop differently
the Christian religion had an impact
165
What is an ideology
the way of life of a people, reflected in their collectively held ideas and beliefs concerning the nature of the ideal
166
What movement had a large impact
missionary movement
167
How did Christianity result in a moral conflict
brought morals and ethics that impacted government and culture
168
What 6 things did Christianity bring
```
a sense of ethics
infuses society in all its daily life
says people can change and can change their locations
meaning to life
impacts politics
encourages religion
```
169
With a sense of ethics, what else results
conflict
170
How does Christianity impact politics
leads to market based approach
171
How does it encourage religion
through education and literacy
172
What was the Western ideology
man-made and faith transcendent (belief in God)
173
What are several key features of Western religion
allows for change
missionary emphasis
not attached to one single structure
encourages reading and education
174
What were the Christian values of Western society based upon
morals and faith
175
What piece did Berman write
the religious foundations of western law
176
When did Berman write this piece
1985
177
Instead of writing about society, what did Berman focus his writing on
Western law and legal tradition
178
The structure of Western law is due to the division between what
secular authorities
| spiritual authorites
179
What are secular authorities
people responsible for order and justice
180
What are spiritual authorities
people responsible for faith and morals
181
Where did the secular authority come from
Germanic tribal laws
182
What did Christianity contribute to Western law
gave people a sense of justice
183
Since we have given people a sense of justice, what have we lost
moral consensus
184
Berman believes much of our legal system is rooted in what
religion
185
What gave way to the underpinnings of the structure of law
Germanic tribal laws
186
What did Christian underpinnings lead to in Western legal tradition
ethics and a normative foundation
187
When we take CHristianity out of the legal system, what are we left with
legal formalisms
188
What is justice whenever ethics is taken out of the legal system
the outcome of whatever happens
189
A Christianity is lost, what occurs to the moral underpinnings of law
deterioration
190
What is the crisis of Western legal tradition do to
disintegration of our religious foundations
191
Why is the crisis of Western legal tradition occurring
because we took Christianity and ethical underpinnings
192
What are the 5 continuous steps of the crisis of Western legal tradition
1. take religion out of the legal system
2. lose values
3. left with only structural, legal formalisms
4. inability to resolve crucial conflicts
5. rules without values will not lead us to true justice
193
What piece did Wallis write
civil religion
194
When did Wallis write Civil Religion
1984
195
What is the concept Wallis is talking about in Civil Religion
the problem with Christians tending to adopt views of culture
196
What is the concept of civil religion
when an idea is presented, the church and christians adopt their views to fit culture instead of the culture adopting the views of Christianity
197
Is civil relgion a good thing or bad thing
bad thing
198
Who tends to perform civil religion the most
Christians
199
What is the definition of civil religion
defining what "religion" is in terms of the nation or government (it's constitution or economics)
200
What is an example of civil relgion
well our country is Godly so if we bomb Japan that's because their country was evil
201
In civil religion what do we do to the cultural consensus
call it Christian
202
Who ultimately is hurt by civil religion
Christians
203
What is tautology
the saying of the same thing twice just using different words
204
How is civil religion tautology
Saying anything our nation does is Christian because we by definition we are Christian
205
In civil relgion, who do we begin to depend upon
the actions of the government
206
Why do we depend upon the actions of the government in civil religion
to provide our morals and values
207
Depending upon the government for morals and values ultimately does what
weaken the Christian's faith
208
Our institutions and history have what
religious meaning and significance
209
Where is religious menaing and significance seen in institutions
"in God we Trust"
210
Where is religious meaning and significance seen in history
Lincoln prayed alot
211
Why is civil religion bad
it allows political figures to manipulate religion
212
What does civil religion attempt to do
Christianize secular social laws, instead of deriving laws from Christianity
213
What are the true laws truely
Christian laws
214
What are the "Christian" laws truely
secular laws
215
What is the role of the church in government
to challenge the government and be critical of the political system
216
What does civil religion due to the church's role
it takes it away
217
Why is civil religion a false religion
it is in contrast to the Kingdom of God
218
Is it Biblically wrong to let political and social realms define religion
yes
219
Was wallis and pre or post millenialist
pre-millenialist
220
Was Wallis hopeful that Christ would be in government, actively reforming it
no
221
What is an ideology
the way of life of a people, reflected in their collectively held beliefs and ideas concerning the nature of the ideal
222
What parts of a people fall under ideology
political system
economic order
social goals
moral values
223
For the most part, in last 200-400 years, Western though was based on what ideology
Classical Liberalism
224
What are the 6 major tenets of Classical Liberalism
1. A belief in individualism
2. A belief in private property
3. Society is based upon contracts and rules of law
4. A belief in freedom and liberty
5. A belief in equality
6. A belief that government ought to be Democratic
225
What is a belief in individualism
We think of humans primarily as individuals (Sarah, Kim) and not as a group (Heathens)
226
What is a belief in private property
Christians do, Native Americans didn't
227
What is a society is based upon contracts and rules of law
Individuals relate to one another in contracts and laws, this is the way we should organize our relationships
228
What is a belief in freedom and liberty
our ability to set goals and strive to reach them
229
What is a belief in equality
the same standards for everyone
230
What is a belief that the government ought to be Democratic
Democratic means the government is responsible for the people, a system in which the people have a say in the decisions that affect them
231
What is a major problem with civil religion
it is too easily manipulated to serve the needs of power
232
Where do most arguments occur between liberals and conservatives
between these 6 tenets, on what the mean, their relativity, and their importance
233
What are the 4 tenets of classical conservatism
1. think as a whole instead of individuals
2. no right to property
3. not democratic--kings word is final
4. sovereign has complete control
234
What was classical liberalism in a response to
classical conservatism ideology
235
Is modern the same as classical
no, they are very different
236
Who is the first example talking about of modern conservatism
Adam Smith
237
What did Adam Smith write
the Wealth of Nations
238
When did Adam Smith write the Wealth of Nations
1776
239
WHo/ what country is dominant in the world
England
240
In 1776, what events were occurring in the world
Height of the first Industrial Revolution
The Time of the AMerican Revolution
Steam Power
Declaration of Independence
241
THe height of the first industrial revolution was a movement away from what
agrarianism
242
What does a movement away from agrarianism result in
slowly moving towards industrialization and urbaninalization
243
What is the basic pattern of all societies
the division of labor
244
What are four themes of the Wealth of Nations
individualism
private property
weak government
man is motivated by self interest
245
How was economic efficiency attained through
the "invisible hand" that guides the economy
supply and demand
specialization
division of labor
246
What will occur naturally in a society
specialization
247
Why will specialization occur naturally in a society
people will want to do what they do best
248
Why do we want specializaiton in a nation
to not waste time and resources
249
Does Smith believe humans are inherently good or selfish
selfish
250
What are the goals and services that are wanted by everyone in a society
use resources efficiently
most goods and services produces
the invisible hand
251
What is the invisible hand idea
voluntary decisions come from individuals, not the government
252
What does Smith view government's role
small role, government does not need to provide goods and services because it will mess up society, government should just protect and enforce contracts
253
If government enforces trade and barter, what will occur
it will just result in waste of resources
254
How will government enforcing trade and barter waste resources
mess up the distribution of optimal goods and services
use resources for sovereigns good
must assume the Sovereign knows better than us andwe trust him (if he is to divide up resources)
government takes productive resources to use in unproductive activities
255
In what form does government take productive resources to use in unproductive activities
through taxes
256
Society according to Smith can function best how
if government has a limited role
257
If people had to perform jobs in which they had no interest or talents, what would occur
bad quality work, loss of products and money
258
In division of labor how would people get the things they need
they would barter
259
What is the problem that can occur with division of labor ideology
if someone stops trading with you, how could you get food and resources
260
What is going to occur with the nature of bartering
competition between individuals
261
What must occur to get the best mix of goods and services
focus on what we are good at and what our society needs
262
Do people barter altruistically
no
263
Is Smith saying we should have no government
no
264
Why does Smith say we need some government
we need protection
265
When dealing with social welfare, economic interests, government should have what size of role
small
266
What believe is Adam Smith
a utilitarian
267
What does Adam Smith as a utilitarian believe
there are ethics and ethical principles
268
Who is the second example of Modern Conservatism
Herbet Spencer
269
What did Herbert Spencer write
Adapt or Die
270
When did Herbert Spencer write Adapt or Die
late 1800s
271
What was occurring in the world during the late 1800s
```
Charles Darwin era
Civil War
2nd Industrial Revolution
Karl Marx (Communist Manifesto)
urbanilizaiton
```
272
What is survival of the fittest
strongest get to mate
best genes live
the weakest genes die
273
Adapting to your environment requires adapting to what two things
finding your niche (shelter and food)
| attract a mate and succesfully reproduce
274
Biblically, what verse shows survival of the fittest
II Thesallonians 3:10
275
What does II Thesalonians 3:10 state
"If a man will not work. He shall not eat"
276
What view of government does Spencer have
a limited view
277
Why is it a limited view of government for SPencer
it is a waste of time and resources
| limit governemnt, only the strong will survive, best for society
278
Why is allowing a government to step in wrong
it takes away from the adaption mechanism
279
What role should government not have according to Spencer
manage economy or train workers
280
What role should government have according to Spencer
defend and enforce contracts
281
What is the definition of Conservatism according to Neikerk regarding role of government
believe the governments in a society only serves to reduce incentives and hinder the operation of the market system. Big government causes more problems than it solves
282
Whenever government gets involved, what does it reduce
the incentives
283
What is a caviat
warning
284
Were Smith and Spencer making biblical arguments
not suggesting this
285
Rather than making biblical arguments, what did Smith and Spencer reflect
Biblical patterns
286
What are Smith's and Spencers arguments consistent with
Scripture
287
THe way Smith and Spencer reflected Biblical patterns is what form of use of the Bible
general revelation
288
Do Smith and Spencer start with Biblical arguments
no
289
Do Smith and Spencer end with Biblical support
yes
290
Did government set wages
no
291
Did government set private property and individualism
yes
292
In what ways/examples does the Bible show support that the government sets private property and individualism
rules about not stealing
rules about not moving boundary stones
rules about how the promise land should be divided among the israelites
Mosaic laws on borrowing
293
What Biblical scripture addresses that we are meant to work
Genesis 1 and 2 give the command to work
294
How does the Bible support Smith and Spencers view of involuntarily caring for others
gleaning laws in Bible times
295
Who commaned that there were gleaning laws
not the government
296
What were gleaning laws
poor can come eat after the harvest
297
What do gleaning laws show in regards to the government
government does not have a role in providing welfare
298
What does 1st Samuel 8 summary
where Israel wants a king like all the nations around them, and Samuel is commanded to say "that the Lord will not hear them in that day"
299
How does 1st Samuel 8 support Smith and Spencer
shows that the government will make you worse off and people are not assumed to be good
300
What is another chapter that shows the evils of the government
I Kings 21
301
What is 1 Kings 21 about
Navboth's vineyard
302
What is the story of Navboth's vineyard
laws say the vineyard could be given to another person only if you are destitute or in the same tribe. When Jezebel wanted Navboth's vineyard, she found two people who would swear against Navboth to put him to death
303
What parable in the bible shows the use of contracts
Matthew 20
304
What is the parable in Matthew 20
the parable of the landowner who goes out at different times of the day and makes contracts with people to be payed same despite working more or less
305
What does the Landowner parable relate to Smith and Spencer
people have a right to do with their own private property,
| contracts between people
306
Who critiqued modern conservatism
Scott Monsma
307
When did Monsma critique conservatism
1974
308
What does Monsma say is a problem with individuals
common problems may never be solved
309
Ultimately what takes over since individuals doesn't work
small groups
310
Does Monsma believe people are inherently good
no
311
What attitude do people typically have
self serving
312
If government is weak, what does Monsma say is a problem
people with many resources will discriminate agaisnt the weak
313
Does everyone pursing their self interests lead to the common good according to Monsma
no
314
Do conservatives believe humans are goo
yes
315
Do conservatives have a standard of justice
no
316
Who is the first example of modern liberalism
T.H. Green
317
What did T.H. Green write
Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract
318
WHen did T.H. Green write Liberal legislation and Freedom of Contract
1881
319
What was occurring in 1881 events wise
2nd industrial revolution
| Spencer was also writing
320
What is the goal of the people of the nation
to obtain freedom
321
Did Smith agree with Green on the goal
yes
322
What is Smith's definition of freedom
freedom from government doing bad things
323
What is Green's definition of freedom
freedom to develop our end to benefit society
324
To Smith where does property come from
labor of the individual
325
To Green, where does property come from
government as a collective
326
In the class example of carly cleaning Neikerks office, what would Smith and Spencer say about the contract
the contract is bad
327
Why would smith say the contract Carly is in is bad
it was a failure by her, as while it was involuntary, there were risks that were unthought of
328
What would Green say about the contract Carly is in
It is bad
329
Why would Green say the contract is bad
Slavery contracts are ot valued, she cannot contribute to the common good
330
What would Smith and Spencer say about the rental agreement
it is bad
331
Why would Smith and Spencer say the rental agreement is bad
insufficient adaptation leads to death, she failed to look at the risks of the apartment
332
What would Green say about the contract rentral agreement
it is bad
333
Why would Green say the rental agreement is bad
government should end this and void the agreement as this is not at Carly's best interest, she's not able to contribute to society
334
Green's view of freedom leads to what size of role for government
big
335
What is governments role according to green
to protect us from ourselves and bad contracts
336
When should government step in according to green
when things are outside the common good
337
Why does Green believe property came from government
everything we know comes from others helping us, and this help is rooted in society and government
338
Since society has provided us with something useful, what is the role of property
to be used for the common good
339
Does green believe humans are inherently good
no
340
What does green believe humans can be
improved through government and education
341
What is government ultimately responsible for
setting stipulations, society members have basic skills to develop to full potential
342
WHo is another liberal
Galbraith
343
What did Galbraith write
The politics of affluence
344
When did Galbraith write the Politics of Affluence
1968
345
What does Galbraith believe the government should provide
some level of good managment
346
Did Galbraith believe that Smith was right
no
347
Would Smith's idea work in the 20th century
no
348
What are the 2 problems that show Smith's idea wouldn't have worked in 20th century
economy
| The Great Depression of 1930s
349
How does Smith's invisible hand not work because of the economy
there are big businesses that lead to the concentration of power
350
What is the concentration of power also known as
monopolies
351
What does large concentrations of power lead to
imperfect competition
352
According to Galbraith who controls prices
producers
353
Since producers control prices what do they acquire
power
354
What is the solution to the problem of economy
there is a countervailing power
355
What is a countervailing power
pushing back, against, off setting power
356
Where does countervailing power come from
the government
357
When should the government give countervailing power
when we get concentrations of economic power
358
What are some ways government is a countervailing power
rules against garnishing wages, compulsory education, child labor laws, minimum wage, unions
359
What is an antitrust law
if one company has too much power, government forces them to split
360
What is Neikerk's definition of Liberal
looks to government as a means of correcting the abuses and shortcomings of society through government programs of action
361
What is the definition of economics
the way in which resources are allocated among alternative uses to satisfy human wants
362
What are the two types of economics
microeconomics
| macroeconomics
363
What is microeconomics
economonics deals with the particular business or industry
364
What is macroeconomics
economy of the nation as a whole
365
What is the Keynes Galbraith model of what led to the depression
demand decreased, fired people, reduced product, reduced buying power, decrease demand more
366
What causes the initial demand decrease
economic event
367
To turn around the Depression, what needed to occur
demand needed to go up
368
What is going to cause demand to go up
instead of waiting for a random accident, government is the only demand to boost things upward
369
WHat are ways government can increase demand
government buys surplus
pay unemployment and retrain him with work programs
cut taxes to everyone
give incentives to buy surplus
370
Why does Keynes say we should not look for long term implications
because we would all be dead
371
Why does the concept of the invisible hand not work with 20th century
no longer an even playing field
372
With the rise of big industry, we no longer have choice of what
free market
373
What is the solution to not having choice of free market
labor unions
374
However forming a union without government will end how
fired, killed, weak survive
375
How does the government allows countervailing power to work
allowing unions to form and act
376
When will the depression reach equilibrium
at 30% unemployment rate
377
What is a fiscal policy
increased demand by government running a deficit
378
What does inflation result in
pay for employee rises, cost of product increases, causes instability
379
What is instability in economics
wages and prices are always changing
380
In an unstable economy who always gets the bad deal
people on stable incomes
381
How can government fix an unstable economy
control wages and prices, raises taxes so people do not have much money
382
What do higher interest rates result in
people spending less
383
What does lower spending lead to
the government buying less surplus
384
The religious views developed during Dark Ages, laid out the foundations for what
the Renaissance and Reformation
385
In Dark ages, where did learning occur
monasteries
386
What did the missionary character emphasis allow
the transmission from one people to another in a continuous series of spiritual movements
387
Was religion ties to a specific government, structure, economic
no
388
What was the emphasis of the Western religion on
a book
389
What was this book being emphasized
the BIBLE
390
What did the Bible emphasize
reading and education in the developing society
391
Why does Dawson believe that we do not see the link between society and religion
we are engrained and enmeshed in it
| history is so segregated/ we are too specialized
392
What did Berman write
The religious foundations of western law
393
When did Berman write
1985
