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Poli Sci > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Empirical

A

Questions of what is

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2
Q

What is Normative

A

Questions of what should be

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3
Q

Are facts empirical or normative

A

empirical

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4
Q

Are values empirical or normative

A

normative

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5
Q

What key word helps identify empirical questions

A

is

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6
Q

What key word helps identify normative questions

A

ought

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7
Q

Can an empirical question prove a normative question

A

no

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8
Q

Can a normative question prove an empirical question

A

no

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9
Q

What is a problem with normative vs empirical questions

A

people have different ideas and starting points on what is normative

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10
Q

Why do people have different ideas and starting points for defining what is normative

A

we are exposed to different ideas and sources of information

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11
Q

In chemistry and engineer do we start with empirical or normative

A

normative values

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12
Q

Is empirical value free

A

no

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13
Q

Is normative just an opinion

A

no

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14
Q

Is there a wall between empirical and normative

A

no

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15
Q

When did Thomas Hobbes write

A

1600s (17th century)

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16
Q

How does Hobbes describe humans

A

they are similar to each other in that they all have desires and wants

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17
Q

Does Hobbes believe in a government

A

no

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18
Q

What does Hobbes believe in

A

an organization where there is no government

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19
Q

What state is the organization in if there is no government

A

the state of nature, no social organization

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20
Q

In the state of nature what can’t you do if someone takes something from you

A

can’t call authority

can’t ask and get it back

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21
Q

How would you be able to get something back in Hobbes view of state of nature

A

take back by force

make a trade or extorsion

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22
Q

What are two big problems in the state of nature

A

force and fraud

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23
Q

In the state of nature, what is there NOT room for

A

industry and agriculture

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24
Q

In the state of nature, what is the lot of man

A

solitary, poor, nasty, brutish

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25
Q

Does Hobbes believe man does or doesn’t have ration

A

man does have ration

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26
Q

What are the problems with trade in the state of nature

A

broken promises

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27
Q

What is the mechanism to bring order to a society

A

Sovereign/ government

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28
Q

What can government tell us

A

what is and isn’t ethical

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29
Q

What can the government do

A

make decisions, allow protection from each other, enforce rules

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30
Q

What does Hobbes say in regards to why we have government

A

to bring order to society and to protect us from each other

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31
Q

What are the 3 things that government can do

A

bring order
protect ourselves from others
protect us from ourselves

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32
Q

What three questions need addressed and answered for us to agree on political philosophy

A

is there a God/if so What is He like
Is there ethical absolutes
What are Humans like

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33
Q

What word do we use when a punishmnt is considered overly severe

A

Draconian

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34
Q

Where does the word Draconian come from

A

an Athenian named Draco

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35
Q

Who was Draco

A

established a code of laws which rather than promoting stability and equality became known for their terrible severity

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36
Q

What amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment by the civil government

A

Eighth Amendment

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37
Q

What is a caveat

A

a warning

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38
Q

How does Hobbes respond to the question is there ethical absolutes. Are there any transcendent moral values

A

He says no, the sovereign must decide these

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39
Q

How do liberals answer the question what are humans like

A

inherently bad and need government

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40
Q

How do conservatives answer the question what are humans like

A

inherently bad but improvable and do not need government

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41
Q

If there are no overarching ethics, what is difficult to figure out

A

transcendental ethics if no higher being

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42
Q

What does Hobbes call the government

A

Leviathan

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43
Q

What is Leviathan

A

a great sea monster found in the book of Job

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44
Q

Is Leviathan a good or bad type of government

A

a good type

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45
Q

What type of government would be ideal according to Hobbes

A

a large and powerful

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46
Q

In the state of nature, what are the resource for humans like

A

scarce

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47
Q

What is the first rule in the state of nature

A

to look out for one’s self, preserve one’s self

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48
Q

What 3 reasons for our need for government

A
  1. bring order to society by protecting us from ourselves and each other
  2. Provides for the common defense (foreign attacks)
  3. Provides goods and services that individuals (private sector) and markets cannot sufficiently provide
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49
Q

What are examples of goods and services that the government can provide

A 
Public education
Post offices and mail
Roads and mass transportations
Public utilities (water, sewers, and electric)
Currency
Police
Healthcare
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50
Q

What are three problems with having a government

A
  1. we may not all agree on the goals of the government and the sovereign
  2. We may not agree on how to ethically accomplish them
  3. We are in conflict of our priorities
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51
Q

Where does the answer to all 3 of these problems lie

A

in justice and how we view justice

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52
Q

What is the difference between disagreeing ethically on how to accomplish something vs conflict in priorities

A

In ethically disagreeing we believe that the other person’s view is wrong, in priorities we say the others views are OK but we have our priorities off

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53
Q

What is Neikerks definition of Politics

A

the authoritative resolution of conflict through the allocation of values and resources

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54
Q

What does authoritative resolution of… NOT mean

A

everyone is happy
the issue will never come back up again
the sovereign has reached technically and ethically solution

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55
Q

What DOES resolution of… mean

A

Decision has been made where there is conflict

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56
Q

What DOES authoritative resolution mean

A

it binds us all, the decision applies to us all

Sovereign has right to take away property, liberty, life to make decisions

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57
Q

Government has what…

A

authority

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58
Q

What DOES through the allocation of values and resources mean

A

can tell where the resources will be used

decides what he values to act, value judgment that stands for us all

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59
Q

What is the ultimate expression of government

A

budget, time, people, power

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60
Q

What is the ultimate expression of priorities

A

where we use our resources

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61
Q

In Neikerk’s definition of politics, what is he NOT saying about values

A

government determines ethics

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62
Q

What is Neikerk saying ABOUT values

A

every decision the Sovereign makes is value related, and the decisions made are taken to make an impact of our values

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63
Q

Every decision made by the sovereign is what type of decision

A

a value decision

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64
Q

What is an oxymoron

A

extreme opposites, exaggeration

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65
Q

What is Neikerk’s definition of government

A

offices and roles that are established in a society to make these authoritative decisions

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66
Q

What are offices

A

where the power is in the position rather than the people

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67
Q

What are roles

A

accepted and expected patterns of behavior usually enforced informally

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68
Q

What article in the constitution is about parties

A

none of them

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69
Q

Where does the power to make authoritative decisions rest

A

in offices not individuals

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70
Q

What is an example of power lieing in Office not Individual

A

Office of President not Donald Trump

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71
Q

Why doesn’t the constitution talk about political parties

A

it is not a formal structure

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72
Q

What is the relationship between government and politics

A

if you want to understand the gods of a country look at its laws
Is it possible to keep religion out of politics

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73
Q

What is Russel Kirk’s view on politics and religion

A

politics inefforably are built on religion

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74
Q

What does Reichley believe about religion and politics

A

they are intertwined

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75
Q

Why does Reichley believe religion and politics are intertwined

A

they rest on cultural basises

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76
Q

Does Kirk believe society can function on basic values

A

no

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77
Q

How does Kirk believe that societies can function together

A

if they share the same values

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78
Q

What does Kirk believe our laws reflect

A

basic fundamental values

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79
Q

What are the 7 value systems that each culture picks one to link religion and politics

A 
monism
secular egoism
authoritarianism
idealism
personalism
civil humanism
theist humanism
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80
Q

What is monism view

A

we should only seek the spiritual and resist the material

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81
Q

In a monistic view what should occur to our physical needs

A

should all be put away

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82
Q

What type of view do we hold of existence

A

totally spiritualized view

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83
Q

What is a secular egoistic view

A

we reduce all value to the drives and appetites of an individual

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84
Q

What does value rely upon in the secular egoistic view

A

the needs and desires of a person

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85
Q

Are the values in the secular egoistic view absolute

A

no as they change based upon the individuals feelings

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86
Q

Are there transcendent ethics in the secular egoistic view

A

no

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87
Q

How is good defined in the secular egoistic view

A

individuals acting out of self interest

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88
Q

What is the authoritarianitic view

A

basing value entirely on the welfare of a social group

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89
Q

How are values based in the authoritarianism view

A

that of the majority’s will, depends truly on what the group thinks

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90
Q

Are there transcendent ethics in authoritariansm view

A

no

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91
Q

Are the values in the authoritarianism view absolute

A

no they change with the attitudes of the group

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92
Q

What is Idealism

A

identify goals of social group, finding ethical values in context of a group

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93
Q

What is a bureacrat

A

someone who works for the government

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94
Q

In idealism, is there transcendent ethics

A

yes

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95
Q

Where do transcendent ethics come from in idealism

A

they are there but the group helps you find them

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96
Q

What is Personalism

A

pursuing transcendence through individual experience

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97
Q

Are there transcendent ethics in personalism

A

yes

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98
Q

Does the personal experience create the ethics

A

no, only identifies them

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99
Q

Do you need other Christians to help identify ethics in personalism

A

no, only your self

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100
Q

What is Civil Humanism

A

balances the rights of the individuals against the needs of the group

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101
Q

Is there transcendent ethics in civil humanism

A

no

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102
Q

Is there moral law in Civil humanism

A

no

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103
Q

What is theist humanism

A

discovering ethics through both the individual and the group

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104
Q

Is there transcendent ethics in theist humanism

A

yes

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105
Q

Which views are culture based and no transcendent ethics

A

egoism
authoritarianism
civil humanism

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106
Q

Which views have overarching ethics and apply to all people

A

personalism,
idealism,
theist humanism

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107
Q

Which views apply to the individual

A

egoism, monism, personalism

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108
Q

Which views apply to the group

A

authoritarianism
civil humanism
idealism
theist humanism

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109
Q

Which view has neither transcendental ethics or no belief

A

monism

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110
Q

In order for a society to function, what must they do to these views

A

only pick and live by one

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111
Q

What does Reichley believe about a society and what view they pick to live by

A

the society will not last unless they pick a view with transcendental values

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112
Q

What are the 4 possible models of how organized religion and politics relate

A

separationists
social activists
accomodationists
direct interventionists

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113
Q

What are the two dimensions in which religion and politics intertwine

A

degree of institutional separation

church’s role in public policy formation

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114
Q

What is the degree of institutional separation

A

how seperated does the church as an institution need to be from politics

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115
Q

What is the church’s role in public policy formation mean

A

development of ideas, what degree should church give a say in public policy

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116
Q

What are separationists seeking

A

strict separation of church and state, small role of churches in politics and in forming political policy

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117
Q

What is the size of separation of church and state for separationists

A

strict

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118
Q

What is the size of the role for churches in politics for separationists

A

small role

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119
Q

Under separationists view, does a church have institutional ties

A

no

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120
Q

Under separationists view, does a church have a say in what are good policies

A

no

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121
Q

What is the church’s role in the separationist view

A

to build values and morals and individuals can then apply to politics

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122
Q

What is an example group for separationists

A

conservative protestants

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123
Q

What is an Accomodationist believe

A

there should be a moderate degree of seperation with a moderate role in public

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124
Q

What is the size of the separation of church and state for accomodationists

A

moderate

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125
Q

What is the size of the role for church’s who are accomodationists

A

moderate

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126
Q

Who is an example of being an accomodaitonist

A

Billy Graham

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127
Q

Why is Billy Graham an accomodationist

A

he advises presidents but will not say publically about abortion

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128
Q

What is the church’s role in being an accomodationist

A

church can help in government
priest can run for office
set moral direction for public

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129
Q

What is a Social Activist

A

the church and state should be institutionally seperate but should play a large role in public formation

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130
Q

WHat is the size of separation between church and state for social activists

A

strict

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131
Q

What is the size of the role of church in public for social activists

A

large

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132
Q

What is the role of the church in public for social activists

A

tell government what is ethical, but priests cannot run for office

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133
Q

What is an example group of social activists

A

Roman Catholics

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134
Q

What are Direct Interventionists

A

they have a moderate degree of separation, large role of church in politics

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135
Q

What is the degree of separation for direct interventionists

A

moderate

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136
Q

What is the size of the role of churches in politics for direct interventionists

A

large

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137
Q

Who are examples of Direct Interventionists

A 
Martin Luther King Jr. Civil Rights
Ben Carson
Jesse Jackson
Pat Riley
Jerry Falwell
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138
Q

In the 18th and 19th century, most prostetants held what model of religion and politics

A

interventionists

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139
Q

Most of the prostetant religions today hold what model of religion and politics

A

social activists or separationists

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140
Q

WHat led to change to theologically conservative protestant church’s

A

Changing immigration patterns

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141
Q

What was the change of immigraiton patterns

A

18th/19th century had mainly protestants, while 19th/20th century were mainly Roman Catholic/Orthodox

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142
Q

What is escatology

A

pertaining to the end times

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143
Q

What is a post millenial view

A

world continues to get better and better, Christ’s kingship is now and people will increasingly recognize Christ as King

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144
Q

What is a pre millenial view

A

reign of Christ is still in the future

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145
Q

What is a millenial

A

1000 years

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146
Q

As more religions become a thing, why is being an interventionist difficult

A

no religion consensus

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147
Q

Can church’s be bought

A

potentially via the 5013C internal revenue code

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148
Q

What does the 5013C code indicate

A

that a person who makes a donation to a non profit organization can reduce that much off their total income, thus reducing their taxes

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149
Q

Organizations that are under the 5013C code have what limitation

A

they cannot preach politically or bring politics into

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150
Q

If an organization under the 5013C is caught bringing politics into discussion, what occurs

A

they lose their tax exemption

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151
Q

What things caused the theological shift in churches

A

german higher criticism

escatology

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152
Q

How does german higher criticism affect the view of churchs

A

raised questions about historical spiritual views and promoted church’s from not being involved in politics since it affects other groups

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153
Q

How does escatology result in the shift of views of churches

A

a shift from post to pre millenial occurred

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154
Q

What is the problem in being pre millenial view

A

Christs reign is in the future, therefore the church cannot be listened to and can only play the role of saving people from the mud

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155
Q

What is the benefit of being post millenial

A

Since there are patterns occurring within the world, the church goes out and you have hope that the society will mend its way

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156
Q

How does a post millenial view affect politics

A

since christs return is at hand, more people will seek Christ and therefore this turn to Christ will include politics

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157
Q

How does a pre millenial view affect politics

A

Since Christ’s return is in the future, Christianity will only increase in the future. World will not recognize Christ, therefore no need for church to be involved in politics

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158
Q

In a pre millenial view, what is the job of the church

A

to save people

159
Q

In a pre millenial view, how will politics affect the church

A

it will infect the church

160
Q

What piece did Dawson write

A

the significance of western development

161
Q

When was the significance of western development written

A

1950

162
Q

What is the time setting of this piece

A

Dark Ages

163
Q

When were the Dark Ages

A

500-1000AD

164
Q

How did the west develop differently

A

the Christian religion had an impact

165
Q

What is an ideology

A

the way of life of a people, reflected in their collectively held ideas and beliefs concerning the nature of the ideal

166
Q

What movement had a large impact

A

missionary movement

167
Q

How did Christianity result in a moral conflict

A

brought morals and ethics that impacted government and culture

168
Q

What 6 things did Christianity bring

A 
a sense of ethics
infuses society in all its daily life
says people can change and can change their locations
meaning to life
impacts politics
encourages religion
169
Q

With a sense of ethics, what else results

A

conflict

170
Q

How does Christianity impact politics

A

leads to market based approach

171
Q

How does it encourage religion

A

through education and literacy

172
Q

What was the Western ideology

A

man-made and faith transcendent (belief in God)

173
Q

What are several key features of Western religion

A

allows for change
missionary emphasis
not attached to one single structure
encourages reading and education

174
Q

What were the Christian values of Western society based upon

A

morals and faith

175
Q

What piece did Berman write

A

the religious foundations of western law

176
Q

When did Berman write this piece

A

1985

177
Q

Instead of writing about society, what did Berman focus his writing on

A

Western law and legal tradition

178
Q

The structure of Western law is due to the division between what

A

secular authorities

spiritual authorites

179
Q

What are secular authorities

A

people responsible for order and justice

180
Q

What are spiritual authorities

A

people responsible for faith and morals

181
Q

Where did the secular authority come from

A

Germanic tribal laws

182
Q

What did Christianity contribute to Western law

A

gave people a sense of justice

183
Q

Since we have given people a sense of justice, what have we lost

A

moral consensus

184
Q

Berman believes much of our legal system is rooted in what

A

religion

185
Q

What gave way to the underpinnings of the structure of law

A

Germanic tribal laws

186
Q

What did Christian underpinnings lead to in Western legal tradition

A

ethics and a normative foundation

187
Q

When we take CHristianity out of the legal system, what are we left with

A

legal formalisms

188
Q

What is justice whenever ethics is taken out of the legal system

A

the outcome of whatever happens

189
Q

A Christianity is lost, what occurs to the moral underpinnings of law

A

deterioration

190
Q

What is the crisis of Western legal tradition do to

A

disintegration of our religious foundations

191
Q

Why is the crisis of Western legal tradition occurring

A

because we took Christianity and ethical underpinnings

192
Q

What are the 5 continuous steps of the crisis of Western legal tradition

A
  1. take religion out of the legal system
  2. lose values
  3. left with only structural, legal formalisms
  4. inability to resolve crucial conflicts
  5. rules without values will not lead us to true justice
193
Q

What piece did Wallis write

A

civil religion

194
Q

When did Wallis write Civil Religion

A

1984

195
Q

What is the concept Wallis is talking about in Civil Religion

A

the problem with Christians tending to adopt views of culture

196
Q

What is the concept of civil religion

A

when an idea is presented, the church and christians adopt their views to fit culture instead of the culture adopting the views of Christianity

197
Q

Is civil relgion a good thing or bad thing

A

bad thing

198
Q

Who tends to perform civil religion the most

A

Christians

199
Q

What is the definition of civil religion

A

defining what “religion” is in terms of the nation or government (it’s constitution or economics)

200
Q

What is an example of civil relgion

A

well our country is Godly so if we bomb Japan that’s because their country was evil

201
Q

In civil religion what do we do to the cultural consensus

A

call it Christian

202
Q

Who ultimately is hurt by civil religion

A

Christians

203
Q

What is tautology

A

the saying of the same thing twice just using different words

204
Q

How is civil religion tautology

A

Saying anything our nation does is Christian because we by definition we are Christian

205
Q

In civil relgion, who do we begin to depend upon

A

the actions of the government

206
Q

Why do we depend upon the actions of the government in civil religion

A

to provide our morals and values

207
Q

Depending upon the government for morals and values ultimately does what

A

weaken the Christian’s faith

208
Q

Our institutions and history have what

A

religious meaning and significance

209
Q

Where is religious menaing and significance seen in institutions

A

“in God we Trust”

210
Q

Where is religious meaning and significance seen in history

A

Lincoln prayed alot

211
Q

Why is civil religion bad

A

it allows political figures to manipulate religion

212
Q

What does civil religion attempt to do

A

Christianize secular social laws, instead of deriving laws from Christianity

213
Q

What are the true laws truely

A

Christian laws

214
Q

What are the “Christian” laws truely

A

secular laws

215
Q

What is the role of the church in government

A

to challenge the government and be critical of the political system

216
Q

What does civil religion due to the church’s role

A

it takes it away

217
Q

Why is civil religion a false religion

A

it is in contrast to the Kingdom of God

218
Q

Is it Biblically wrong to let political and social realms define religion

A

yes

219
Q

Was wallis and pre or post millenialist

A

pre-millenialist

220
Q

Was Wallis hopeful that Christ would be in government, actively reforming it

A

no

221
Q

What is an ideology

A

the way of life of a people, reflected in their collectively held beliefs and ideas concerning the nature of the ideal

222
Q

What parts of a people fall under ideology

A

political system
economic order
social goals
moral values

223
Q

For the most part, in last 200-400 years, Western though was based on what ideology

A

Classical Liberalism

224
Q

What are the 6 major tenets of Classical Liberalism

A
  1. A belief in individualism
  2. A belief in private property
  3. Society is based upon contracts and rules of law
  4. A belief in freedom and liberty
  5. A belief in equality
  6. A belief that government ought to be Democratic
225
Q

What is a belief in individualism

A

We think of humans primarily as individuals (Sarah, Kim) and not as a group (Heathens)

226
Q

What is a belief in private property

A

Christians do, Native Americans didn’t

227
Q

What is a society is based upon contracts and rules of law

A

Individuals relate to one another in contracts and laws, this is the way we should organize our relationships

228
Q

What is a belief in freedom and liberty

A

our ability to set goals and strive to reach them

229
Q

What is a belief in equality

A

the same standards for everyone

230
Q

What is a belief that the government ought to be Democratic

A

Democratic means the government is responsible for the people, a system in which the people have a say in the decisions that affect them

231
Q

What is a major problem with civil religion

A

it is too easily manipulated to serve the needs of power

232
Q

Where do most arguments occur between liberals and conservatives

A

between these 6 tenets, on what the mean, their relativity, and their importance

233
Q

What are the 4 tenets of classical conservatism

A
  1. think as a whole instead of individuals
  2. no right to property
  3. not democratic–kings word is final
  4. sovereign has complete control
234
Q

What was classical liberalism in a response to

A

classical conservatism ideology

235
Q

Is modern the same as classical

A

no, they are very different

236
Q

Who is the first example talking about of modern conservatism

A

Adam Smith

237
Q

What did Adam Smith write

A

the Wealth of Nations

238
Q

When did Adam Smith write the Wealth of Nations

A

1776

239
Q

WHo/ what country is dominant in the world

A

England

240
Q

In 1776, what events were occurring in the world

A

Height of the first Industrial Revolution
The Time of the AMerican Revolution
Steam Power
Declaration of Independence

241
Q

THe height of the first industrial revolution was a movement away from what

A

agrarianism

242
Q

What does a movement away from agrarianism result in

A

slowly moving towards industrialization and urbaninalization

243
Q

What is the basic pattern of all societies

A

the division of labor

244
Q

What are four themes of the Wealth of Nations

A

individualism
private property
weak government
man is motivated by self interest

245
Q

How was economic efficiency attained through

A

the “invisible hand” that guides the economy
supply and demand
specialization
division of labor

246
Q

What will occur naturally in a society

A

specialization

247
Q

Why will specialization occur naturally in a society

A

people will want to do what they do best

248
Q

Why do we want specializaiton in a nation

A

to not waste time and resources

249
Q

Does Smith believe humans are inherently good or selfish

A

selfish

250
Q

What are the goals and services that are wanted by everyone in a society

A

use resources efficiently
most goods and services produces
the invisible hand

251
Q

What is the invisible hand idea

A

voluntary decisions come from individuals, not the government

252
Q

What does Smith view government’s role

A

small role, government does not need to provide goods and services because it will mess up society, government should just protect and enforce contracts

253
Q

If government enforces trade and barter, what will occur

A

it will just result in waste of resources

254
Q

How will government enforcing trade and barter waste resources

A

mess up the distribution of optimal goods and services
use resources for sovereigns good
must assume the Sovereign knows better than us andwe trust him (if he is to divide up resources)
government takes productive resources to use in unproductive activities

255
Q

In what form does government take productive resources to use in unproductive activities

A

through taxes

256
Q

Society according to Smith can function best how

A

if government has a limited role

257
Q

If people had to perform jobs in which they had no interest or talents, what would occur

A

bad quality work, loss of products and money

258
Q

In division of labor how would people get the things they need

A

they would barter

259
Q

What is the problem that can occur with division of labor ideology

A

if someone stops trading with you, how could you get food and resources

260
Q

What is going to occur with the nature of bartering

A

competition between individuals

261
Q

What must occur to get the best mix of goods and services

A

focus on what we are good at and what our society needs

262
Q

Do people barter altruistically

A

no

263
Q

Is Smith saying we should have no government

A

no

264
Q

Why does Smith say we need some government

A

we need protection

265
Q

When dealing with social welfare, economic interests, government should have what size of role

A

small

266
Q

What believe is Adam Smith

A

a utilitarian

267
Q

What does Adam Smith as a utilitarian believe

A

there are ethics and ethical principles

268
Q

Who is the second example of Modern Conservatism

A

Herbet Spencer

269
Q

What did Herbert Spencer write

A

Adapt or Die

270
Q

When did Herbert Spencer write Adapt or Die

A

late 1800s

271
Q

What was occurring in the world during the late 1800s

A 
Charles Darwin era
Civil War
2nd Industrial Revolution
Karl Marx (Communist Manifesto)
urbanilizaiton
272
Q

What is survival of the fittest

A

strongest get to mate
best genes live
the weakest genes die

273
Q

Adapting to your environment requires adapting to what two things

A

finding your niche (shelter and food)

attract a mate and succesfully reproduce

274
Q

Biblically, what verse shows survival of the fittest

A

II Thesallonians 3:10

275
Q

What does II Thesalonians 3:10 state

A

“If a man will not work. He shall not eat”

276
Q

What view of government does Spencer have

A

a limited view

277
Q

Why is it a limited view of government for SPencer

A

it is a waste of time and resources

limit governemnt, only the strong will survive, best for society

278
Q

Why is allowing a government to step in wrong

A

it takes away from the adaption mechanism

279
Q

What role should government not have according to Spencer

A

manage economy or train workers

280
Q

What role should government have according to Spencer

A

defend and enforce contracts

281
Q

What is the definition of Conservatism according to Neikerk regarding role of government

A

believe the governments in a society only serves to reduce incentives and hinder the operation of the market system. Big government causes more problems than it solves

282
Q

Whenever government gets involved, what does it reduce

A

the incentives

283
Q

What is a caviat

A

warning

284
Q

Were Smith and Spencer making biblical arguments

A

not suggesting this

285
Q

Rather than making biblical arguments, what did Smith and Spencer reflect

A

Biblical patterns

286
Q

What are Smith’s and Spencers arguments consistent with

A

Scripture

287
Q

THe way Smith and Spencer reflected Biblical patterns is what form of use of the Bible

A

general revelation

288
Q

Do Smith and Spencer start with Biblical arguments

A

no

289
Q

Do Smith and Spencer end with Biblical support

A

yes

290
Q

Did government set wages

A

no

291
Q

Did government set private property and individualism

A

yes

292
Q

In what ways/examples does the Bible show support that the government sets private property and individualism

A

rules about not stealing
rules about not moving boundary stones
rules about how the promise land should be divided among the israelites
Mosaic laws on borrowing

293
Q

What Biblical scripture addresses that we are meant to work

A

Genesis 1 and 2 give the command to work

294
Q

How does the Bible support Smith and Spencers view of involuntarily caring for others

A

gleaning laws in Bible times

295
Q

Who commaned that there were gleaning laws

A

not the government

296
Q

What were gleaning laws

A

poor can come eat after the harvest

297
Q

What do gleaning laws show in regards to the government

A

government does not have a role in providing welfare

298
Q

What does 1st Samuel 8 summary

A

where Israel wants a king like all the nations around them, and Samuel is commanded to say “that the Lord will not hear them in that day”

299
Q

How does 1st Samuel 8 support Smith and Spencer

A

shows that the government will make you worse off and people are not assumed to be good

300
Q

What is another chapter that shows the evils of the government

A

I Kings 21

301
Q

What is 1 Kings 21 about

A

Navboth’s vineyard

302
Q

What is the story of Navboth’s vineyard

A

laws say the vineyard could be given to another person only if you are destitute or in the same tribe. When Jezebel wanted Navboth’s vineyard, she found two people who would swear against Navboth to put him to death

303
Q

What parable in the bible shows the use of contracts

A

Matthew 20

304
Q

What is the parable in Matthew 20

A

the parable of the landowner who goes out at different times of the day and makes contracts with people to be payed same despite working more or less

305
Q

What does the Landowner parable relate to Smith and Spencer

A

people have a right to do with their own private property,

contracts between people

306
Q

Who critiqued modern conservatism

A

Scott Monsma

307
Q

When did Monsma critique conservatism

A

1974

308
Q

What does Monsma say is a problem with individuals

A

common problems may never be solved

309
Q

Ultimately what takes over since individuals doesn’t work

A

small groups

310
Q

Does Monsma believe people are inherently good

A

no

311
Q

What attitude do people typically have

A

self serving

312
Q

If government is weak, what does Monsma say is a problem

A

people with many resources will discriminate agaisnt the weak

313
Q

Does everyone pursing their self interests lead to the common good according to Monsma

A

no

314
Q

Do conservatives believe humans are goo

A

yes

315
Q

Do conservatives have a standard of justice

A

no

316
Q

Who is the first example of modern liberalism

A

T.H. Green

317
Q

What did T.H. Green write

A

Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract

318
Q

WHen did T.H. Green write Liberal legislation and Freedom of Contract

A

1881

319
Q

What was occurring in 1881 events wise

A

2nd industrial revolution

Spencer was also writing

320
Q

What is the goal of the people of the nation

A

to obtain freedom

321
Q

Did Smith agree with Green on the goal

A

yes

322
Q

What is Smith’s definition of freedom

A

freedom from government doing bad things

323
Q

What is Green’s definition of freedom

A

freedom to develop our end to benefit society

324
Q

To Smith where does property come from

A

labor of the individual

325
Q

To Green, where does property come from

A

government as a collective

326
Q

In the class example of carly cleaning Neikerks office, what would Smith and Spencer say about the contract

A

the contract is bad

327
Q

Why would smith say the contract Carly is in is bad

A

it was a failure by her, as while it was involuntary, there were risks that were unthought of

328
Q

What would Green say about the contract Carly is in

A

It is bad

329
Q

Why would Green say the contract is bad

A

Slavery contracts are ot valued, she cannot contribute to the common good

330
Q

What would Smith and Spencer say about the rental agreement

A

it is bad

331
Q

Why would Smith and Spencer say the rental agreement is bad

A

insufficient adaptation leads to death, she failed to look at the risks of the apartment

332
Q

What would Green say about the contract rentral agreement

A

it is bad

333
Q

Why would Green say the rental agreement is bad

A

government should end this and void the agreement as this is not at Carly’s best interest, she’s not able to contribute to society

334
Q

Green’s view of freedom leads to what size of role for government

A

big

335
Q

What is governments role according to green

A

to protect us from ourselves and bad contracts

336
Q

When should government step in according to green

A

when things are outside the common good

337
Q

Why does Green believe property came from government

A

everything we know comes from others helping us, and this help is rooted in society and government

338
Q

Since society has provided us with something useful, what is the role of property

A

to be used for the common good

339
Q

Does green believe humans are inherently good

A

no

340
Q

What does green believe humans can be

A

improved through government and education

341
Q

What is government ultimately responsible for

A

setting stipulations, society members have basic skills to develop to full potential

342
Q

WHo is another liberal

A

Galbraith

343
Q

What did Galbraith write

A

The politics of affluence

344
Q

When did Galbraith write the Politics of Affluence

A

1968

345
Q

What does Galbraith believe the government should provide

A

some level of good managment

346
Q

Did Galbraith believe that Smith was right

A

no

347
Q

Would Smith’s idea work in the 20th century

A

no

348
Q

What are the 2 problems that show Smith’s idea wouldn’t have worked in 20th century

A

economy

The Great Depression of 1930s

349
Q

How does Smith’s invisible hand not work because of the economy

A

there are big businesses that lead to the concentration of power

350
Q

What is the concentration of power also known as

A

monopolies

351
Q

What does large concentrations of power lead to

A

imperfect competition

352
Q

According to Galbraith who controls prices

A

producers

353
Q

Since producers control prices what do they acquire

A

power

354
Q

What is the solution to the problem of economy

A

there is a countervailing power

355
Q

What is a countervailing power

A

pushing back, against, off setting power

356
Q

Where does countervailing power come from

A

the government

357
Q

When should the government give countervailing power

A

when we get concentrations of economic power

358
Q

What are some ways government is a countervailing power

A

rules against garnishing wages, compulsory education, child labor laws, minimum wage, unions

359
Q

What is an antitrust law

A

if one company has too much power, government forces them to split

360
Q

What is Neikerk’s definition of Liberal

A

looks to government as a means of correcting the abuses and shortcomings of society through government programs of action

361
Q

What is the definition of economics

A

the way in which resources are allocated among alternative uses to satisfy human wants

362
Q

What are the two types of economics

A

microeconomics

macroeconomics

363
Q

What is microeconomics

A

economonics deals with the particular business or industry

364
Q

What is macroeconomics

A

economy of the nation as a whole

365
Q

What is the Keynes Galbraith model of what led to the depression

A

demand decreased, fired people, reduced product, reduced buying power, decrease demand more

366
Q

What causes the initial demand decrease

A

economic event

367
Q

To turn around the Depression, what needed to occur

A

demand needed to go up

368
Q

What is going to cause demand to go up

A

instead of waiting for a random accident, government is the only demand to boost things upward

369
Q

WHat are ways government can increase demand

A

government buys surplus
pay unemployment and retrain him with work programs
cut taxes to everyone
give incentives to buy surplus

370
Q

Why does Keynes say we should not look for long term implications

A

because we would all be dead

371
Q

Why does the concept of the invisible hand not work with 20th century

A

no longer an even playing field

372
Q

With the rise of big industry, we no longer have choice of what

A

free market

373
Q

What is the solution to not having choice of free market

A

labor unions

374
Q

However forming a union without government will end how

A

fired, killed, weak survive

375
Q

How does the government allows countervailing power to work

A

allowing unions to form and act

376
Q

When will the depression reach equilibrium

A

at 30% unemployment rate

377
Q

What is a fiscal policy

A

increased demand by government running a deficit

378
Q

What does inflation result in

A

pay for employee rises, cost of product increases, causes instability

379
Q

What is instability in economics

A

wages and prices are always changing

380
Q

In an unstable economy who always gets the bad deal

A

people on stable incomes

381
Q

How can government fix an unstable economy

A

control wages and prices, raises taxes so people do not have much money

382
Q

What do higher interest rates result in

A

people spending less

383
Q

What does lower spending lead to

A

the government buying less surplus

384
Q

The religious views developed during Dark Ages, laid out the foundations for what

A

the Renaissance and Reformation

385
Q

In Dark ages, where did learning occur

A

monasteries

386
Q

What did the missionary character emphasis allow

A

the transmission from one people to another in a continuous series of spiritual movements

387
Q

Was religion ties to a specific government, structure, economic

A

no

388
Q

What was the emphasis of the Western religion on

A

a book

389
Q

What was this book being emphasized

A

the BIBLE

390
Q

What did the Bible emphasize

A

reading and education in the developing society

391
Q

Why does Dawson believe that we do not see the link between society and religion

A

we are engrained and enmeshed in it

history is so segregated/ we are too specialized

392
Q

What did Berman write

A

The religious foundations of western law

393
Q

When did Berman write

A

1985

Poli Sci (3 decks)

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