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Adult Nursing - 225 > TEST 1 > Flashcards

TEST 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

excitability

A

ability to respond to electrical stimulation

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2
Q

automaticity

A

ability of the cell that alone that can generate and create an electrical discharge

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3
Q

conductivity

A

ability of the pacemaker cells to transmit the electricity from one to the next

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4
Q

contractility

A

shortening and lengthening or the actual propelling of blood toward

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5
Q

normal Na+

A

3.5-5

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6
Q

polarization

A

cardiac cells at rest, no electrical activity

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7
Q

repolarization

A

return of the ions to a resting state, causing relaxation of cardiac muscle

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8
Q

what are the two functions of the heart

A
  • generate and conduct electricity

- serve as a pump to push blood forward and throughout the body

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9
Q

Cardiac electrical activity is due to:

A

Na+
K+
Ca+

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10
Q

cardiac cells at rest, no electrical activity

A

polarization

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11
Q

return of the ions to a resting state, causing relaxation of cardiac muscle

A

repolarization

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12
Q

“action potential” or contraction

A

depolarization

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13
Q

name the steps of the release of an impulse

A
  • generated by automaticity of cardiac cells
  • begins depolarization
  • ions move across membranes causing contraction of cardiac cells/muscle
  • moves as wave through the heart
  • repolarization=relaxation and building of energy to fire again
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14
Q

What is the normal conduction sequence

A
  • SA
  • AV
  • Bundle of His
  • Right and left bundles
  • Purkinje Fibers
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15
Q

what is cardiac output

A
  • amount of blood pumped out in a given time
  • usually in L/min
  • changes with metabolic need
  • normal is 4-8L/min
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16
Q

Cardiac output = ??

A

cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

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17
Q

among of blood ejected from either ventricle with a single contraction

A

stroke volume

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18
Q

an increase in ____ alone can improve cardiac output but ___ has a greater effect

A

stroke volume

heart rate

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19
Q

the pressure in which ventricles fill, due to venous blood return

A

preload

20
Q

determined by systemic resistance

A

afterload

21
Q

what is a pacemaker

A
  • an electronic device that delivers and electrical stimulus to the heart via leads
  • leads are passed intravenously into the heart or stuttered directly to the epicardium(a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the other surface of the heart)
  • provide artificial electrical stimuli to the heart muscle when the hearts intrinsic electrical system is malfunctioning
22
Q

how does a pacemaker work?

A
  • leads (insulated wires) sense intrinsic electrical activity of the heart
  • generator provides electrical stimulus when necessary (pacing)
23
Q

pacemaker education

A
  • site care to avoid infection
  • take pulse daily
  • avoid emi
  • s/s of pacemaker failure
  • follow up
24
Q

post op care instructions after pacemaker implantation

A
  • do not raise arm on the side of the device above shoulder for three weeks
  • no heavy lifting for three week (no heavier than a gallon of milk)
  • allow stern-strips to fall off on their own
  • avoid getting the incision wet for one week
25
Q

contact local provider for what symptoms following a pacemaker implantation

A
  • fever chills
  • increased redness, pain, drainage, swelling or warmth at incision site
  • twitching sensation in the chest_symptoms similar to what you experienced prior to the device insertion
  • a single/jolt strong shock in the chest area
26
Q

what are some recommendations for a pacemaker:

A
  • keep small hand held appliances 6” from the device while in use
  • use and store cell and cordless phones on the opposite side of the device
  • keep device 12” from power tools or small running engines
  • ground all power tools
  • try to avoid chain saws
27
Q

contractility:

A

force of contraction

28
Q

preload:

A

degree of stretch

29
Q

after load

A

systemic resistance

30
Q

atrial kick

A

The contraction of the atrium, which accounts for 20-30% of cardiac output

31
Q

in cardiac conduction name what the SA node does:

A
  • electrical impulses are 60-100bpm

- it is the p wave on an ECG

32
Q

what is the atrioventricular junction in relation to cardiac conduction:

A
  • PR segman on ECG

- contraction known as atrial kick

33
Q

what is the backup system for the cardiac conduction?

A

bundle of HIS

34
Q

what is a normal measurement of the QRS segment?

A

0.04-0.12 seconds

35
Q

what is the normal measurement for the PR interval?

A

0.12-0.2 seconds

36
Q

what does the P wave stand for in an ECG segment?

A

atrial depolarization and contraction

37
Q

what does the PR interval stand for in an ECG segment?

A

time of depolarization from atria to ventricles

38
Q

what does the QRS stand for in an ECG segment?

A

ventricular depolarization and contraction

39
Q

what does the ST segment stand for in an ECG segment?

A

early ventricular depolarization and depolarization (rest phase)

40
Q

what does the T represent in an ECG segment?

A

ventricular repolarization

41
Q

what does the U represent in an ECG segment?

A

late ventricular depolarization of PUrkionje fibers

42
Q

name the rhythm interpretation steps:

A
  • determina heart rate: atrial (p waves) and ventricle rates (QRS)
  • determine heart rhythm, is it regular?
  • analyze P waves
  • measure PR interval (0.12-0.2)
  • Measure QRS (0.04-0.12)
  • identify rhythm
43
Q

1 small box on a ECG strip indicates___

A

0.04 seconds

44
Q

1 large box is ___ small boxes and indicates___

A

5 small boxes

0.2 seconds

45
Q

30 large boxes indicate ____

A

6 seconds

46
Q

each hashmark on an ECG strip indicates__

A

3 seconds

47
Q

what is a normal sinus rhythm

A
  • rate: 60-100bpm
  • rhythm: regular
  • P waves: sinus, precede each QRS
  • RP interval: .12-.2 seconds
  • QRS duration: .02-.12
  • significance: normal
  • tx: none

Adult Nursing - 225 (9 decks)

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