Test 1 Flashcards
List the characteristics of a research problem
They lead to an research inquiry; yields knowledge to help solve the problem; is appropriate for systematic research process
List sources for identifying a research problem.
professional experience, societal trends, professional trends, published research, existing theory
What do you need to consider to move from a research problem to a research question?
A problem, purpose (i.e a gap in a research and a need to fill that gap,) and theory
What can you reflect on in order to develop a research question?
What do you want to know or learn? (i.e. research topic, problem, and purpose.) What sparks your interest or passion? Practice related needs and interests Gaps in literature Societal or professional purpose Feasibility Significance of your question
List characteristics of a research question.
Repeatable, Observable (Can be seen,) Testable(data can be observed, testable, and measurable,) Specific (ROTS)
When would you choose to use mixed methods?
To gain a comprehensive understanding of your study
Capitalize on strengths and minimize limitations of each
Compare perspectives
Explain quantitative results using qualitative follow-up
To help develop an instrument
List challenges of mixed methods.
Requires extensive data collection, it’s time-intensive, you need familiarity with both research methods,
When would you choose quantitative methodology?
When you want to test a hypothesis, look at the relationship between 2 or more variables, look at the effect of one variable on another, find out specific facts about large groups of people, etc.
When would you choose qualitative methodology?
When you want to generate a new hypothesis to be tested later, want to explore the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, of a small group of people, want to gather data in a naturalistic setting, when the nature of the phenomenon you’re studying is unsuited to quantitative measures
What methodology tends to be used when very little or nothing is known about a problem?
Qualitative
What methodology tends to be used when much is known about a problem?
Quantitative
In summary, what are the 4 main considerations when choosing a methodology?
Level of knowledge in the area, how I think about a phenomenon, purpose of the research and specific research question, practical considerations/resources
List 3 guiding principles related to data collection.
Collect relevant and sufficient data to address the question; choose strategies that are consistent with: research question, philosophy, design, practical constraints; use single strategies that are going to enhance the validity/trustworthiness of your study.
List 2 underlying principles of qualitative research and their implications for implementing qualitative research.
Behavior is influenced by the environment- Consider all types of environment. Naturalistic inquiry
Behavior goes beyond what is observed- Consider subjective meanings. Consider participant perspectives
What are the three main purposes of qualitative research?
Uncover multiple, diverse perspectives and patterns
Illuminate, describe, relate, predict phenomena in context
Discover how meaning is made from lived experiences
What are the areas of inquiry appropriate for qualitative research?
- Individual experience
- Meanings of experience
- Context
- Phenomena for assessment
List 4 characteristics of qualitative research.
- It occurs in naturalistic, local settings.
- Lived experience (phenomenology)
- Data as thick description (vivid, detailed description)
- Emergent design (study can change or be modified as you go)
Name and describe 6 qualitative research designs.
Grounded theory, case studies, phenomenology, ethnography, narrative, historical
. List the steps in planning a qualitative study.
- Identify problem
- Generate research question
- Review literature
- Consider assumptions
- Identify limitations
- Define participant parameters
- Choose design
Describe characteristics of qualitative designs.
- Occurs in context
- Flexible
- Multiple sources
- The researcher is the key instrument
- Breadth and depth in data collection
- There’s purposeful sampling
Explain the process of identifying the purposeful sampling strategy to use when designing a qualitative study.
- Define parameters for participants: this comes from your research purpose, research questions, and your literature review.
- Choose key and secondary informants
- Change as needed (based on interpretation of information gathered)
Describe types of qualitative sampling and their purposes.
- Critical case
- Deviant case
- Unique case
- Critical case
- Typical case
- Reputational case
- Maximum variation
List strategies for qualitative data collection (including advantages and disadvantages of each).
Observing, asking, reviewing documents
Advantages and disadvantages of observing
You’re gaining first-hand experience, but it may be intrusive- you may also need skill and rapport
Advantages and disadvantages of asking
Interviews can be used when you can’t observe and you can gather historical data, but you’re getting indirect information, often in a not natural setting, and there’s a risk of response bias. You also must have an articulate and perceptive interviewee
Advantages and disadvantages of reviewing documents
You can examine language and words of participants, no need for transcribing; however, the info may be protected and difficult to access. Additionally, the documents may be inaccurate or inauthentic
List qualitative data collection procedures in order
- Gain access
- Select sources
- Implement recording procedures
- Determine when the collection is complete
Explain the nature of qualitative data analysis.
- It overlaps with data collection
- It is systematic, explicit, and reproducible
- Technique depends on research purpose, question, study design
- May use computer programs to assist
Describe the beginning of a qualitative article
o Background o Definition o Rationale o How it shapes design o Research methods o Data analysis methods
Describe the middle of a qualitative article
o Patterns o Themes o Arguments o Relationships o Salient quotations o Reflexivity
Describe the end of a qualitative article
o Review focus, arguments o Conclusions o Implications o References o Appendices
Research is NOT ___
PROOF
The three types/purposes of research are?
Descriptive, intervention, assessment
List the steps of the research process.
- Identify a problem or question
- Review the literature
- Formulate the research question or hypothesis
- Design procedure to address the question/ hypothesis
- Collect the Data
- Analyze and interpret findings
- Disseminate
List characteristics of a research question.
- Repeatable
- Observable
- Testable
- Specific
