Test 1

Question 1

The Dialectic of Technology and Environment

Answer 1

unstable relationship of reaction and counter-reaction that is an inherently progressive.
Ex. Transportation building the city around that can’t take it away because people depend on it
Ex. Discovering antibiotics means people are surviving more people = more food
Antibiotics makes animals bigger can’t take these benefits away or people won’t survive

Question 2

Chimpanzees

Answer 2

patriarchy, territorial, hierarchical, violent:
fight for power to be Alpha male
monopolize preproduction, if overthrown children killed`

Question 3

Bonobos

Answer 3

matriarchy, promiscuous, peaceful
no mating season, relatives are known through mothers
alliances on kinship (family)
the most successful social model is not ideal

Question 4

Denisovans

Answer 4

(400,000-50,000 B.C.E.): Neanderthal DNA found in those in the middle east, extinct subspecies of a human, only tooth found
Ex. red hair

Question 5

Homo Sapiens and the “Great Leap Forward”

Answer 5

different “cultures” cave paintings belief systems
Recognizable cultures emerged (toolkit)
Culture allows people to evolve quickly not genes

Question 6

The Cave Paintings of Lascaux:

Answer 6

150 feet underground risky and limited air
Could have a deeper meaning
First signs of writing back in the day

Question 7

Diversity at Origins Principle

Answer 7

the point of origin is the greatest point of diversity
Haplotypes and human origins: if 2 people have the same haplotypes they must have shared a common ancestor
Human DNA is measured by this

Question 8

Lice

Answer 8

Clothing and hair lice have become 2 different species
People started wearing clothes regularly 100,000 and 150,000 years ago
Before Neanderthals only wrong clothes when it was cold this made it lice become 2 different species

Question 9

Clothing

Answer 9

was not worn regularly by Neanderthals only when it was col, became a thing 100,000 and 150,000 years ago

Question 10

Killing Fields

Answer 10

massive wave extinction among local animals
Close correlation with when human arrived
Human migration: relentless expansion and large economic disruption

Question 11

Dimitri Belyaev

Answer 11

selected wolves that are obedient and less skittish
Created a species that are cute, appearance: childlike, thinner bones
Domestication through selective breeding

Question 12

the holocene

Answer 12

end of the ice age

Evidence: sea levels, warm times

Question 13

sedentarization

Answer 13

living in the same place (born, raised, died)
No one before the ice age was sedentary
Hard to accumulate things left behind elders and children born sick
10,000 BCE people started moving around

Question 14

Gobekli Tepe

Answer 14

first evidence of agriculture

Site was built several thousand years ago before the first evidence of agriculture

Question 15

Blekinge

Answer 15

Pickled fish factory in Sweden
120 million pounds of fish were processed at site
This proves sedentary

Question 16

Co-evolution Dogs

Answer 16

domestication of dogs
Dogs realized that they get benefits from being with humans it was a win-win situation
Dimitri Belyaev played a role in this

Question 17

Catal Hoyuk

Answer 17

town developed because of agriculture
No one moved, built defense system
Patriarchy system resulted in cruel punishments
Believed in a Neolithic goddess

Question 18

The East-West Axis of Migration

Answer 18

Americas furthest travel: north to south
Africa: North to South
Eurasia: East to west

Question 19

River Valley Civilizations

Answer 19

these were built near rivers along the East-West Axis of Migration
Came with fertile, rich soil for agricultural purposes

Question 20

Ziggurats

Answer 20

Society created then, ancient cities were built around ziggurats

Question 21

Cuneiform writing

Answer 21

oldest known form of writing
Made from beer and rotten grain
Agriculture record keeping

Question 22

The Rebus Principle

Answer 22

system of writing sounds

Question 23

Chinese Oracle Bones

Answer 23

Bones taken from cow, written on and fired

Form of fortune telling depending on how the bone fired and cracks

Question 24

salinization

Answer 24

environmental degradation

Deforestation

Question 25

Measles

Answer 25

stemmed from close living quarters and living with dogs Decrease lifespan Increase infant mortality

Question 26

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 26

set of laws, social side with a cost of society | Slavery, patriarchy and matriarchy

Question 27

The Bronze Age

Answer 27

4th age Cooper + tin = bronze Both material not found in the same location evolving this was not possible during the pre-human, Paleolithic and Neolithic age

Question 28

Sargon of Akkad

Answer 28

interrupted the supply chain (trade system), fight for power, thief

Question 29

Shiang Dynasty

Answer 29

bronze caldron to show off bronze resources

Question 30

Tong Lu Shan Mines

Answer 30

2 kilometers long | 1 kg of cooper smelting

Question 31

From Bronze to Iron

Answer 31

seven million nails were left behind by the romans All the bronze was used up so they moved on to iron The bronze was better but it was hard to work with

Question 32

Slag

Answer 32

cooper production of 200,000 tons | 200 million trees used up (16x the size of Cyrus island) led to deforestation

Question 33

Environmental Degradation

Answer 33

using up all the lands resources for society purposese

Question 34

deforestation

Answer 34

Exhausted the material they have to trees | Used to smelts silver

Question 35

Rio Tinto

Answer 35

largest silver mine pollution Pollution was very visible in Greenland 6.6 million tons of slag

Question 36

Normads vs. Settled Societies

Answer 36

Nomadic societies: productive economic activities Not autarchic, depends on the existence of settled people Can’t survive by themselves may steal from others Settled societies:

Question 37

Historical Linguistics

Answer 37

similarities around the world Language is not biological Same “family” family tree

Question 38

Horse

Answer 38

first domesticated for meat and milk, later carts were attached to them for easy transportation Wagons carts chariots

Question 39

spoke-wheeled chariots

Answer 39

after the domestication of horses these became a thing everyone wanted them everyone uses them

Question 40

Sintashta

Answer 40

warriors in chariots

Question 41

The Indo European Technological Complex

Answer 41

bronze, composite bows, horses, spoke-wheeled chariots

Question 42

Bantu Language family

Answer 42

same language family, yellow is the large majority of Africa; West Africa

Question 43

African iron

Answer 43

Nok culture developed iron tools without bronze developed locally

Question 44

Nok Culture

Answer 44

iron working

Question 45

desertification of North Africa

Answer 45

sub-Saharan desert | Harder to cross no one did

Question 46

the outrigger canoe

Answer 46

tying boats together easy transportation of bananas, yams, pigs, and chicken (think Moana)

Question 47

The Austronesian Technological Complex

Answer 47

outrigger canoes

Question 48

Easter Island

Answer 48

cut down the last tree to make the stone heads | No trees, no boats, just stone heads everything declined compared to Hawaii

Question 49

The Axial Age

Answer 49

great thinkers of the axial age | East-west migration, political integration (leaders), increase of economic intergration, cosmopolitan (follow money)

Question 50

Achaemenid Empire

Answer 50

from Africa Europe edge of india 2,000 miles long 35 million people

Question 51

Qanat

Answer 51

irrigation system, water shed channels underground

Question 52

Persian Royal Road

Answer 52

thousands of miles across empire guest houses available Safe Haven

Question 53

Postal Service

Answer 53

111 along road, 40-50 miles apart

Question 54

Zoroastrianism

Answer 54

religion common in India | Fire temple

Question 55

The Polis

Answer 55

adopted religion of the ruling class of empire

Question 56

Hoplite Phalanx

Answer 56

a chain of defense sword and shield

Question 57

olympics

Answer 57

games all cities participated in

Question 58

Herodotus

Answer 58

may have been the first historian

Question 59

Y.C.O.C.T.E.T.I.A.T

Answer 59

you can only conquer the empire that is already there | Alexander the Great only conquered the persian empire

Question 60

MAcedonian Phalanx

Answer 60

a row of long giant rods called pikes

Question 61

The hellenistic period

Answer 61

Alexandrian legacy, greek culture basis of cosmopolitan civilization for the wprld of the Persian empire This survived long after the empire was gone

Question 62

The Roman “Constitution”

Answer 62

``` patriarch’s vs plebeians Senate Assembly Consuls Tribunes Dictator Triumphs Universal citizenship ```

Question 63

The Roman "tortoise"

Answer 63

complicated shield, large easy to get tripped up

Question 64

roman roads

Answer 64

building together the empire

Question 65

aqueducts

Answer 65

water system of romans brought water from the ocean or river

Question 66

Pax Romana

Answer 66

peaceful expansion