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History 1101 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

dendrochronology

A

history of counting tree ring

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2
Q

the plague of justinian

A

caused death, animals moving, uncleanliness

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3
Q

Borobudur

A
  • 9th century
  • Statue of Buddha in Java, Indonesia (Buddha temple)
  • Buddhism in India has the less amount of those who practice
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4
Q

Constantine “the Great”

A

(r. 306-337)
- Post-classical age is the age of religion
- Is at war with the other half of empire
- After winning the war he legalizes Christianity
- Used Christianity as a unifying force of the Roman empire
- Christianity replacing the Roman empire

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5
Q

Council of Nicea

A

325 C.E.

  • At the time of the Holy Trinity
  • “pledging the allegiance” to Roman Christianity
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6
Q

Edict of Theodossius

A

380 C.E.

  • If you want to be Roman you have to be Christian
  • you can’t be anything but its illegal
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7
Q

The Prophet Muhammad

A

(570 – 632 C.E.)
- Merchant, relations with an older woman also business partner
- Recited versus after coming across a figure in the desert
- Listened to the revelation - people of the book
This took place when the Roman empire had exhausted themselves no money, no people

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8
Q

Shari’iah

A

Tort

  1. Theft
  2. Fornication
  3. Drunkenness
  4. False witness
  5. Highway robbery
  6. blastamy
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9
Q

The Hajj

A

in Mecca, Muslims must make at least one trip throughout their lifetime

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10
Q

North Arabian Saddle

A

fits best for 2 humps

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11
Q

One Lump or Two?

A

One: survive best in hot and dry climates - Middle East
Two: survive best in cold and dry climates - Central Asia

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12
Q

Technological Revolution of the Middle Ages

A

The Shariah, Sufism, camels, Hajj, North Arabian saddle

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13
Q

Three-field Rotation

A

Use 2 field give one a break to nurture soil this does not slow down crop production

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14
Q

Moldboard Plow

A

Attached to medieval harness this works for agriculture

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15
Q

Medieval Harness

A

Pairs with moldboard plow does not choke animals

Worn like a necklace can pull plows

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16
Q

The Blast Furnace

A

Oxygen and carbon in this furnace helps produce steel in an effective, economic way operated like a butter mill

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17
Q

The Grand Canal

A

Man made
almost 1,000 miles long
in china
during the sui dynasty

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18
Q

“Arabic Numerals”

A

has a zero - used for complicated math

- started in India later developed by others

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19
Q

al-Khwarazmi

A

used Arabic numerals to figure out spherical trigonometry - problem: pray in the direction of mecca

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20
Q

Paper

A

Extremely cheap

Spreads fast - radical implications

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21
Q

The University

A

12th century Europe studying communications

  • 7 liberal arts (free): Triuium: grammar, rhedric, logic
  • Quadriuium: music, physics, geometry, aritmetric
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22
Q

the Stirrup

A

one of two innovations, for the foot to help guide the horse

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23
Q

Compound Bow

A

Can penetrate armor, can shoot 2000 yards,

- Once every 68 seconds more effective than a musket

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24
Q

The Yasa

A

laws: 1. No more bride stealing 2. No more enslavement of any Mongols 3. All children legitimate whether by concubine or wife 4. No more livestock theft 5. Absolute religions tolerance temple or clergy of all faith free from taxations

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25
Q

Pax Mongolica

A

Karakorum - popular for merchants - gave 5x asking price lead to the largest free trade zone
- No more borders or taxes

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26
Q

proselytizing religion

A

recruiting other people as part of their religion

- my religion is the best join it

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27
Q

Xuanzang

A

d. 663 CE
voyage to the west brought more than 600 Sanskrit’s texts, 22 horses loaded with relics, paraphernalia 1,300 texts translated (Buddhism to Chinese)

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28
Q

Nestorian Christian Stele

A

8th century
tablet in the tang dynasty
early christianity in china

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29
Q

The people of the Book

A

people who follow the bible
under islamic rule
christian and jews could practice freely but could bend the rules like trade

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30
Q

Beijing

A

Mongols declared this city the capital

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31
Q

Rashid al-Din’s Jam’ at-Tewarikh

A

1316

  • One of the four global thinkers of post Mongol Islam
  • Academic guys created/wrote history
  • Converted text to Islam history of everything (religion)
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32
Q

Ibn Battuta

A

(1304-1368)

  • One of the four global thinkers of post Mongol Islam
  • Academic guys created/wrote history
  • Travel writer, documented diversity of Muslim community
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33
Q

Marco Polo

A

1254-1324

  • Known as the Christian Ibn Battuta
  • people were finding a way to get to China the Americas
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34
Q

Jean Nicolet discovers Wisconsin

A

Founded Green Bay, from French Montreal looking for Mongols from Wisconsin

35
Q

Bananas

A

Did not come from Africa, originally from South-East Asia (Indonesia)
Madagascar people came from Indonesia -
they settled on the coast of south Africa
- New crop = more people

36
Q

Sahel

A

Means coast - part in Africa south Sahara Desert (coast of desert)
- Plural form relates to Swahili

37
Q

Gold for salt

A

Saharan Salt Trade located in Ghana

  • Ghana Empire was North West of Country
  • Horses introduced through trade huge military advantage
38
Q

Horses and the Tsetse Fly

A
  • Once a horse is bitten they die

- expand econ production to trade horse because they can’t be raised around flies

39
Q

Kingdom of Mali

A

1230-1389 C.E

Competing with Ghana for upper hand

40
Q

Abubakri II

A

(r. 1310-1311 C.E.)
- Muslim ruler, father of Mansa Musa I
- His son travelled to tell people about how proud he has made his father and all his accomplishments

41
Q

Mansa Musa I

A

(1312-1337 C.E.)
- Go on the Hajj, traveled up to North Africa and across,
Gave away money and bought a lot of items this caused an inflation of luxury items

42
Q

The Manuscripts of Timbuktu

A

Written records of Africa technology complex

43
Q

The Swahili Coast

A

Location of Kilwa

- Abandoned Chinese porcelain found on the coast of Africa

44
Q

Kilwa

A

Largest of Swahili Coast

45
Q

Lalibela

A

Rock churches in Ethiopia dug down and chipped away surroundings of church

46
Q

Great Zimbabwe

A

Great wall had wealth to protect, no written records

  • 12th – 14th centuries
  • same time as Kilwa, Abubakri II, and Lalibela
47
Q

The Black Death

A

1348

- If you have the bubonic plague it is found in teeth, dentistry found the plague and made this possible

48
Q

Y. Pestis & Rattus Rattus

A

Flea and Y. Pestis live in flea’s guts blood of rat after bitten by fleas humans get infected

  • Hard to avoid can’t keep flea and rats out
  • Quarantines = waste of time
49
Q

Flagellants

A

whip - so blood ran to smear face with

50
Q

Pogroms

A

burned minority, blamed them for plague

51
Q

The Lazaretto

A

Quarantine, locked self out to be safe from plague

Causes of plague: population pressure, economic integration, climate change

52
Q

the potato

A

Important crop, being cultivated - stable crop in south America

53
Q

Norte Chico

A

3,200 - 1,800 BCE

  • Civilization without agriculture
  • Like ziggurats big piles of dirt
  • River valley civilizations 2 rivers and the Pacific Ocean, rain shadow
54
Q

Fishnets Moche Civilzation

A

100-800 BCE

- Made from cotton, monopoly made them gain dominance of the coast

55
Q

Moche Pottery

A

Moche civilization 100 – 800 CE lived around the Han Dynasty in China - expressive visual arts “personality without writing”
- Expressed daily life

56
Q

Inca Empire

A

1200-1572

  • South American Mongols - largest empire on western hemisphere 1438 – 1533
  • Stock pile roads and Inca roads
57
Q

Ch’arki

A
  • dried salted meat

- used to preserve meat popular in south america

58
Q

Quipu

A
  • Record keeping data based on tying stings

- Evolving corn = increasing population

59
Q

The Olmecs

A
  • Complex society form because of the 3 sisters north Peru
  • 1,500 – 400 BCE
  • pyramid architecture
  • Olmec monumental heads made of stone found far away dozens of miles away
60
Q

the “three sisters”

A

Maize (corn), squash, beans all work together to support one another this is complete protein no domestication of animals

61
Q

Bloodletting

A
  • Human sacrifice - mythology and associated religious practice cutting self
  • Sacred cyclical calendar based on math
62
Q

The scared ballgame

A
  • Considered an honor to win the game and get sacrificed

- Popular with the Olmecs

63
Q

Mayan Alphabet

A
  • One of the first written languages in Meso-American
  • Consists of interlocking images
  • A 12-year-old deciphered it
64
Q

the age of discovery

A

Didn’t have an end date still going on

- Columbus’s time

65
Q

Zheng He

A

d. 1423
- Led several fleets of a longer more progressive expeditions into the Indian ocean
- The treasure ship oh Zheng He was much larger than the Santa Maria of Columbus
- Could fit the population on ship
- Many of the people on his ship were doctors, scientists, and more collecting samples
- Muslim connection his father was Ma, Chinese for Mohammed
- Each voyage he made it closer and closer to Mecca a trip to Hajj

66
Q

Galle Trilingual Inscription

A

1309

  • Stone tablet inscription in 3 languages (Chinese, Tamil, Persian)
  • Consists of offerings made my Zheng He and others on the Buddhists
67
Q

Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi

A

(d. 1291)
- Brothers were trying to find another was across the desert to reach the Mediterranean
- Decades before Abubakri II
- Trying to reach the gold they must find a way to cross the desert

68
Q

Prester John

A
  • Engaging in a crusade, raiding the coast of Africa countries and capturing them bring them back to Portugal -
    teach them Portuguese send them back to Africa and leave them there to find Pester John.
  • These people learned new ways of traveling down the coast, they found out if they travel down the coast of Africa they will be able to reach India
69
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

1492

  • Thought the world was flat it would be easier for him to sail the world
  • 45 days later he did not discover Germany he came across land
  • goal was to conquer Jerusalem Establish a trade route with China to become wealthy
  • crushed when he found out he didn’t make it to India he lied
70
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

1497

  • Journeyed to the East coast (Swahili) of Africa then to India - successful
  • Took 3 years - 20% of the people died
71
Q

Pedro Alvares Cabra

A

(1502)
- Portugal explorer
- Did what de Gama did but effectively
- Discovered Brazil when trying to get to India

72
Q

The treaty of Tordesillas

A
  • Agreed to divide the entire world outside of Christian Europe amongst themselves King of Spain and King of Europe - down the middle of the Atlantic
  • Do whatever you want on your side and stay out of my side ships, trade, etc.
73
Q

The Cartaz System

A

Toll system Portugal used

cutting trade through the Mediterranean

74
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

1519-22

  • Explorer
  • Sailed around the world
  • Left Portugal with 250 people only 19 came back when they travelled around the world
  • Stole a map and gave it to the Ottoman empire - on how to sail
75
Q

Biological Warfare

A
  • Disease from Europe
  • Mongols decided to the meat of animals over walls to spread
  • Nowhere to escape because the citizens were trapped in the walls
  • Spread of germs using the 4 G’s
76
Q

The four G’s

A

Why Europe was so successful in conquering other words

  1. Geography: Columbus’s voyage in the footsteps of Marco Polo
    - Location helped de Gama and Cabral discover land
  2. Guns: 15th century Europe began to develop once they discovered the combustibility of artillery swoosh to bang
  3. Galleons: tall sided sailing ship used for battle
    - Started putting cannons on ships in the 16th century
    - Galleys - big row boat
  4. Germs: became deadly when not immune to it
    - Over the course of 10-15 years in meso-America demographic decline
77
Q

the Columbian Encounter

A
  • Food is important for sustaining life corn
  • First place corn was introduced in the eastern hemisphere was Egypt
  • Without the Columbian Exchange horses wouldn’t be a time
78
Q

Tobacco

A
  • Stress relieving technology
  • Made as an escapist thing
  • Associated with the middle east most popular has the pyramids and camels on it
  • Important source of tobacco is in Egypt
79
Q

Coffee

A
  • Stress relieving technology
  • First developed as a drink in the 1300s for Sufism
  • Made to stay up for the demands of the body stay up and say the same prayer over and over
  • 16th century in Egypt made to drink for social purposes
  • Made on boats spread throughout the Ottoman empire
80
Q

The ‘Gunpwder Empire’

A

3 - Ottoman empire, Safavid empire, Mughal Empire

Made these empire grow rapidly and keep their land

81
Q

the world is not enough

A
  • The battle of the three kinds 2 sultan of morocco and king of Portugal (king Sabastian)
  • Ottoman Sultan and King of Portugal were killed
  • King Phillip II of Spain inherits the Portuguese “half” of the world
82
Q

Ahmed al-Mansur

A

(r. 1578-1603)
- Only one of the 3 kings that did not die during the battle of Tondibi
- He thought he was the ruler of the world since he did not die
- Organized an expedition that crossed the Sahara Desert to battle the King of Mali
- Although they were outnumbered they won because of artillery

83
Q

The Battle of Tondibi

A

1591

Ahmed al-Mansur vs King of Mali

History 1101 (2 decks)

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