Test 1 Flashcards
What were the goals of Jacques Cartier’s 3rd voyage
- convert native people to Catholicism
2. Establish ai colony in the valley of St Laurent
How any trips did Cartier make and when were they
1534
1535
1541
Name the main reason France organized an expedition
Fo find a quicker route to Asia To create a colonial empire To compete with its rivals To find precious metals To convert native people to Catholicism
When prisoners were given a second chance were did they live?
They were adopted into long houses to replace members that had been lost
What was the war chief responsible for
Devising military strategies
Leading warriors into battle
Name 3 reasons for alliances
Conduct trade
Defend each other
Fight a common enemy
Maintain political relationships
Where did the nuclear and extended family live in the Iroquois community
Long house
What did they Europeans acquire from trading with the natives
Fur-which became a very sought out commodity in the European community
Was territory considered to be an individual property?
No
What is the Bering Strait theory?
The water was above the sea level when the sea level dropped a land from underneath the ground came up so the native people could walk on the land
During a time of war if you were captured was it easy to just turn Iroquoian one day?
No, it took many years of physiological and emotional manipulation
What did the native people acquire from trading with the Europeans
Glass heads Axes Knives Hammers Nails Clothing
Name 3 roles men did in the Algonquian community
Hunted and fished
Built dwells
Made boats tools and weapons
Taught boys
What did Jacques Cartier bring with him on his 3rd voyage ?
400 colonists
Some cattle
Large supply of provisions
How when and who discovered the Americas ?
In 1492 Columbus discovered the americas
Sedentary or Nomadic
Iroquoian
Algonquian
Inuit
Iroquoian sedentary
Algonquian nomadic
Inuit nomadic
Name 3 roles the women did in the inuit community
Skinned and cleaned mammals and game Prepared meals Hunted small game Gathered: eggs urchins and mussels Taught girls Made clothing
What Asian countries were the Europeans in trade with?
Spain France Portugal Turkey Italy Holland
Name motivations for crossing beringia
Search for food Follow animal migration Lack of ressources Climate protection Nomadic Foraging
Was gift giving manditory
No but it was expected
What did cartier think he discovered. What did he do after
He thought he found gold and diamonds and then immediately returned to France against his kinds order
What territory did the Iroquoian occupy
Great Lakes region
St Lawrence valley
Name 3 roles men did in the Iroquoian community
Hunted and I shed Participated in trade Built dwells Went to war when needed Taught boys
What did the Iroquoian use or transportation ?
Canoes
Toboggans
Snowshoes
What territory did the Algonquian people occupy?
Eastern and central quebec
Name 3 roles the women did in the Iroquoian community
We’re in charge of all farming related activities Hunted small game Collected nuts berries and maple Made baskets pottery and reed mats Taught girls
Could a women be a shaman ?
Yes
What were the inuit people primary means of subsistence ?
Hunting and fishing
Follow anima migration
What did inuit people sleep in?
Winter=igloos
Summer=tent structures
How were ressources split up
Evenly
Did they trade to accumulate wealth
No
How many few members did Cartier bring and hw many died and how
He brought 110
25 died o scurvy
Who did some First Nations people only hunt for fur
They could trade it with the Europeans
Name 3 roles the men did in the inuit community
Hunting and fishing
Built dwellings
Made boats tools and weapons
Educated boys
Why would nations trade with other nations
To make alliances and relationships
Was going to île st croix successful?
No it was brutal
True or false Iroquoian people were led by chiefs
True
What fur was very valuable
Canadian fur
Beaver fur
What did the Algonquian people use for transportation ?
Canoes
Toboggans
Snowshoes
what were civil chiefs responsible for?
Political matter
trade matter
Relationship with other villages
How did the ranch have steps towards beginning a foothold in the fur trade?
Making necessary alliances with First Nations people
Building a strategic trading post in Tadoussac
Use the trading post as a place to store goods
Place to store goods ans keep for dry
We’re id Giovanni da Verrazano explore?
Regions between New Brunswick and Florida
What did the alliance of Europeans ultimately lead to
Settle in the territory
What daily decisions did chiefs make ?
Determining movement
Organizing expeditions
Deciding where and when to make camp
What decisions did the council make?
Whether to allign with another nation
Making war/peace
What were the Iroquoian people primary means of subsistence ?
Farming grew the 3 sisters
Corn squash beans
Why did First Nations groups alliance with the French in 1603
To strengthen trade relationships
What was montreal called and what was quebec called
Montreal-hocheloga
Quebec-stadacoma
Name 3 ways people dies in the americas with roberval
Diseases
Starvation
Executed by roberval
How did alliance go with the Europeans help the First Nations group ?
Steady supply of Europeans groups
or I’d able military partnership
While Cartier was returning to France who did he saw and what ddid he tell him
He saw Roberval on his way back.
Roberval told him to go back but Cartier didnt listen
When were people taken to be prisoners
At a time of war
How many people were in the Algonquian hunting group
10-20
What did all clans posses?
An animal symbol to identify themselves
How did alliance go with the First Nations help the Europeans
Steady supply of fur trade
What did shamans do/what supernatural powers did they have?
Establish communications with spirits Interpret the significance of dreams Predict the future heal individuals Wander off evil spirits administrating sacred remedies
Who decided if a prisoner deserved a second chance?
Clan mother
Why did they not go to the Americas to fish in the winter
Because the water was frozen
Who were in the Algonquian nuclear family ?
Grandparents
parents
Grand children
What is glaciation
Hugh ice glows covering the nothern hemisphere
Where the elders respected
Yes
Who was in their hunting groups and what was it
Their family and another family
Setting up seasonal hunting camps
If you give a gift should you expect one back?
Yes
What power did the clan mother have?
Strip and appoint chiefs of their titles
What did the Algonquian people sleep in? Why?
Wigwams because it was very convient for their nomadic way of lifestyle
What territory did the inuit people occupy?
Most nighters territories of canada
What if the inuit people use for transportation?
Sleds
Kayaks
Unimaks
What were the Algonquian primary means of subsistence ?
Hunting and fishing
True or false
Algonquian were led by chiefs
True
Why did fisherman got to the Americas to fish?
Because there were so many fish there
How did native people transmit culture/knowledge
Orally
What happened in the last ice age period
Drastic drop in global temperature
Cause bodies of water to freeze
Result drop in ocean level
What was the goal of cartiers second voyage
Finding a passage to Asia
Why did they decide to go to dabble island
Serve a foothold in administrating trade and exploration
What did Iroquoian people sleep in?
Long houses
Who did the king appoint to be responsible o the colony
Roberval
What was discussed in the Algonquian bands ?
Law Protection Which camps to go to Elections Were to hunt the following year Distribution of rations/surplus
Name 3 roles women did?
Skinned and cleaned animals Hunted small game Prepared meals gathered eggs berries roots Made clothings Taught girls
What was the goal of cartiers first voyage
Finding a route to Asia
Finding North America
What did elders do?
Recounting legends and mythsims
Memorize enormous history/legends
Name the 3 First Nations groups
Inuit
Algonquian
Iroquoian
