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Invertebrate Zoology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoan

A

the very first animals

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2
Q

Protozoan Characteristics

A

Characteristics:
1) all are unicellular eukaryotes lacking collagen and chitinous cell walls

2) all are non-photosynthetic, in the primitive condition

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3
Q

Porifera

A

pore-bearing

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4
Q

Porifera Characteristics

A

Characteristics:

1) Secretion of complex intracellular organelles called cnidae (nematocysts)
2) planula larvae in the life cycle

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5
Q

Ctenophora

A

comb bearing

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6
Q

Ctenophora Characteristics

A

Characteristics:

1) plates of fused cilia arranged in rows
2) adhesive prey-capturing cells (colloblasts)

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7
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

flat worm

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8
Q

Platyhelminthes Characteristics

A

Characteristics: 1) bilaterally symmetrical dorsoventrally flattened
2 ) body having 3 tissues layers, but no body cavity
3) possess a blind gut digestive system

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9
Q

Mollusca

A

soft

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10
Q

Mollusca Characteristics

A

One or more pairs of chitinous setae

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11
Q

aerobic

A

by way of oxygen

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12
Q

anerobic

A

Without oxygen

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13
Q

Auto

A

Self

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14
Q

Bi

A

Two

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15
Q

Bio

A

Life

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16
Q

Chemo

A

By way of chemicals

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17
Q

Co

A

Two or together

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18
Q

Di

A

Two

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19
Q

Dino

A

Terrible or whipping

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20
Q

Ecto

A

External

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21
Q

Endo

A

Internal

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22
Q

Epi

A

Upon

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23
Q

Genesis

A

Create

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24
Q

Hetero

A

Different

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25
Q

Hexa

A

Six

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26
Q

Homo

A

Same

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27
Q

Hydro

A

Water

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28
Q

Inter

A

Between

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29
Q

Intra

A

Within

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30
Q

ISO

A

Same

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31
Q

Meso

A

Middle

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32
Q

Micro

A

Small

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33
Q

Octo

A

Eight

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34
Q

Oligo

A

Few

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35
Q

Photo

A

By way of light

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36
Q

Poly

A

Many

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37
Q

Pro

A

Before

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38
Q

Prototype

A

First

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39
Q

Pseudo

A

False or fake

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40
Q

Quad

A

Four

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41
Q

Stereo

A

Two

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42
Q

Triplo

A

Three

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43
Q

Uni

A

One

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44
Q

Zoa

A

Animal

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45
Q

Derm

A

Skin

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46
Q

Lysis

A

To cut

47
Q

mer

A

Part

48
Q

Ology

A

The study of

49
Q

Philic

A

To like

50
Q

Phobic

A

To hate

51
Q

Podía

A

Foot or base

52
Q

Synthesis

A

To make

53
Q

Trophic

A

Eat or mode of nutrition

54
Q

What group are in the mollusk group?

A

Clams, snails, gastropods, cephalopod

55
Q

How long have mollusks been around?

A

570 Mya

56
Q

Mollusks can be found in which environments?

A

Marine, terrestrial, aquatic freshwater

57
Q

What is the simplest molluscan body?

A

Head-foot and a visceral made

58
Q

The head-foot portion of a molluscan body plan does what?

A

Locomotion: feeding, cephalic, and sensory organs

59
Q

What does the visceral mass contain in the molluscan body plan?

A

Digestive system, and all other organs

60
Q

What unique mouth do mollusks have?

A

Radula

61
Q

What does the mantle do on mollusks?

A

Secrets the shell

62
Q

Why is the mantle cavity important in mollusks?

A

Gills develop from mantel and exchanges gases in the mantle cavity

63
Q

What body systems in mollusks empty into the mollusks mantle cavity?

A

Reproductive, digestive, and excretory systems.

64
Q

In aquatic mollusks what does the beating of cilia do?

A

Help push water in and out of organism

65
Q

What happens when a irritating object, such as a grain of sand, lodges itself between the mantle and shell of a mollusk such as an oyster?

A

Forms a pearl

66
Q

What kind of circulatory systems to mollusks have?

A

An open circulatory system.

67
Q

What is hemolymph?

A

blood and extracellular fluid. blood and extracellular fluid.

68
Q

What are the most active mollusks?

A

Cephalopods

69
Q

What kind of circulatory system do cephalopods have?

A

A close circulatory system

70
Q

Which mollusks have the most developed brain?

A

Cephalopods, they have the ability to learn, problem solve, and remember.

71
Q

Cnidaria have what kind of tissue type?

A

Diploblastic

72
Q

Cnidaria have what kind of nervous system?

A

A nerve net, but no central nervous system

73
Q

What are nerve nets?

A

Nerve impulses are transmitted between cells by the release of neurotransmitters vesicles that carry signals across the synapse

74
Q

Impulses in the nerve that are Uni directional or bidirectional?

A

Bidirectional

75
Q

How do Cnidaria digest food?

A

Blind got body plan:

Digestion
Absorbtions
Gas exchange
Excreation
Support
76
Q

In Cnidaria, the body wall surrounds what?

A

Gastrovascular cavity has an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis

77
Q

What is between the body layers of Cnidaria?

A

Age of lightness layer of mesogles that can be fibers or stuffed with spicules or flexible proteins.

78
Q

What are the two body forms of Cnidaria?

A

Polyp and hydra

79
Q

What are cindocytes?

A

Contain stinging nomatocysts that are used to kill prey in Cnidarian species.

80
Q

Toxins from nematocysts interfere with?

A

Sodium potassium pump’s, causing paralysis and pray to get tangled in the tentacles

81
Q

What is the head portion of a jellyfish called?

A

The bell

82
Q

How do Cnidaria polyps move?

A

Some polyp forms can do somersaults (or wormlike inching along) to move similar to somersaulting or crawling

83
Q

What do jellyfish eat?

A

Anything that is small and stuck in their tentacles. Crustaceans , fish, fish eggs, planktonic larva, etc.

84
Q

What organisms eat jellyfish?

A

Tuna, sharks, swordfish, turtles, and other jellyfish

85
Q

What organisms eat anemones?

A

Nudibranches, some species can place the anemones nematocysts on their back for protection

86
Q

Polyps are _____ organisms and attach to substrate using their ___________.

A

Sessile

Pedal disk

87
Q

How do Cnidaria reproduce?

A

Sexually and asexually

88
Q

What are hydrozoa?w

A

Hydras

89
Q

What are scyphozoa?

A

Common jellyfish

90
Q

What are Anthozoa?

A

Sea anemones and corals

91
Q

What are the four classes of Cnidaria?

A

Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Anthrozoa
Cubozoa

92
Q

What are cubozoas?

A

Box jellyfish

93
Q

What are some characteristics of Cubozoa?

A

Strong swimmers
Produce highly toxic venom with long tentacles
Have eyes and other sense organs

94
Q

What are the two groups of Anthozoa?

A

Zoanthraria- sea anemones and hard corals

Octocorallia- see fans, sea pansies, sea pens, and soft corals

95
Q

What are the five mollusk classes?

A 
Polyplacophra: chitons 
Scaphopoda: task shells or tooth shells
Bivalves: clams, oysters, muscles
Gastropods: snails, slugs, limpets, whelks
Cephalopods: octopus, squid, Nautilis
96
Q

Polyplacophora:

A 
Exclusively marine, chitons are somewhat dorsoventrally flattened molluscs with a
dorsal surface covered with a series of
usually 8 (rarely 7) overlapping,
articulated, calcareous plates.
97
Q

Do Scaphopoda (tusk shells) have gills?

A

No, gas exchange occurs across the mantle itself

98
Q

What do scaphopoda eat?

A

Detritus and other small organisms

99
Q

How do scaphopoda capture food?

A

With captaculla: thread like mucus covered tentacles that have adhesive knobs on either end.

100
Q

What is the largest class of mollusks?

A

Gastropods

101
Q

What is the second largest class of mollusks?

A

Bivalves

102
Q

What holds the two shelves of a bivalve together?

A

Hinge ligament

103
Q

How do bivalves reproduce

A

Sexually, fertilization is X ternal

104
Q

What is an operculum?

A

A lid made of protein that can be used to close the shell opening

105
Q

What are the three groups of gastropods?

A

Prosobranchia: everyone calls, wealth, oyster boars, and limpets
Opistibranchia: Sea slugs, sea butterflies, sea hares
Plumonata: land snails and slugs

106
Q

Where are the shells of cephalopods?

A

Internal

107
Q

Cephalopods have chromatophores. What are chromatophores?

A

Pigments within cells that allowed the organism to change colors to blend into their surroundings

108
Q

What organisms are in the phylum platyhelminthes?

A

Flatworms

109
Q

What characteristics do Playthelminthes have?

A

Triploblast
Bilateral symmetry
protostomes
Acoelomate

110
Q

What classes are found within Playthelminthes?

A

Tubellaria: free living flatworms
Trematoda: parasitic flukes
Cestoda: parasitic tapeworms

111
Q

Playthelmintheswere the first to develop cephalizatiion. What is cephalization?

A

The development of sense organs connected at the head end of the organism. Also have a ladder type nervous system.

112
Q

How do Playthelminthes reproduce?

A

Sexually or asexually. Some are hermaphroditic.

113
Q

How many classes are in Playthelminthes?

A

1) Turbellaria: free living flatworms
2) Termtoda: Endo parasitic fluke
3) monogenea: parasitic flukes that are mainly ectoparasites
4) Cestoda: tapeworms

Invertebrate Zoology (2 decks)

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