Test 1 Flashcards
Protozoan
the very first animals
Protozoan Characteristics
Characteristics:
1) all are unicellular eukaryotes lacking collagen and chitinous cell walls
2) all are non-photosynthetic, in the primitive condition
Porifera
pore-bearing
Porifera Characteristics
Characteristics:
1) Secretion of complex intracellular organelles called cnidae (nematocysts)
2) planula larvae in the life cycle
Ctenophora
comb bearing
Ctenophora Characteristics
Characteristics:
1) plates of fused cilia arranged in rows
2) adhesive prey-capturing cells (colloblasts)
Platyhelminthes
flat worm
Platyhelminthes Characteristics
Characteristics: 1) bilaterally symmetrical dorsoventrally flattened
2 ) body having 3 tissues layers, but no body cavity
3) possess a blind gut digestive system
Mollusca
soft
Mollusca Characteristics
One or more pairs of chitinous setae
aerobic
by way of oxygen
anerobic
Without oxygen
Auto
Self
Bi
Two
Bio
Life
Chemo
By way of chemicals
Co
Two or together
Di
Two
Dino
Terrible or whipping
Ecto
External
Endo
Internal
Epi
Upon
Genesis
Create
Hetero
Different
Hexa
Six
Homo
Same
Hydro
Water
Inter
Between
Intra
Within
ISO
Same
Meso
Middle
Micro
Small
Octo
Eight
Oligo
Few
Photo
By way of light
Poly
Many
Pro
Before
Prototype
First
Pseudo
False or fake
Quad
Four
Stereo
Two
Triplo
Three
Uni
One
Zoa
Animal
Derm
Skin
Lysis
To cut
mer
Part
Ology
The study of
Philic
To like
Phobic
To hate
Podía
Foot or base
Synthesis
To make
Trophic
Eat or mode of nutrition
What group are in the mollusk group?
Clams, snails, gastropods, cephalopod
How long have mollusks been around?
570 Mya
Mollusks can be found in which environments?
Marine, terrestrial, aquatic freshwater
What is the simplest molluscan body?
Head-foot and a visceral made
The head-foot portion of a molluscan body plan does what?
Locomotion: feeding, cephalic, and sensory organs
What does the visceral mass contain in the molluscan body plan?
Digestive system, and all other organs
What unique mouth do mollusks have?
Radula
What does the mantle do on mollusks?
Secrets the shell
Why is the mantle cavity important in mollusks?
Gills develop from mantel and exchanges gases in the mantle cavity
What body systems in mollusks empty into the mollusks mantle cavity?
Reproductive, digestive, and excretory systems.
In aquatic mollusks what does the beating of cilia do?
Help push water in and out of organism
What happens when a irritating object, such as a grain of sand, lodges itself between the mantle and shell of a mollusk such as an oyster?
Forms a pearl
What kind of circulatory systems to mollusks have?
An open circulatory system.
What is hemolymph?
blood and extracellular fluid. blood and extracellular fluid.
What are the most active mollusks?
Cephalopods
What kind of circulatory system do cephalopods have?
A close circulatory system
Which mollusks have the most developed brain?
Cephalopods, they have the ability to learn, problem solve, and remember.
Cnidaria have what kind of tissue type?
Diploblastic
Cnidaria have what kind of nervous system?
A nerve net, but no central nervous system
What are nerve nets?
Nerve impulses are transmitted between cells by the release of neurotransmitters vesicles that carry signals across the synapse
Impulses in the nerve that are Uni directional or bidirectional?
Bidirectional
How do Cnidaria digest food?
Blind got body plan:
Digestion Absorbtions Gas exchange Excreation Support
In Cnidaria, the body wall surrounds what?
Gastrovascular cavity has an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis
What is between the body layers of Cnidaria?
Age of lightness layer of mesogles that can be fibers or stuffed with spicules or flexible proteins.
What are the two body forms of Cnidaria?
Polyp and hydra
What are cindocytes?
Contain stinging nomatocysts that are used to kill prey in Cnidarian species.
Toxins from nematocysts interfere with?
Sodium potassium pump’s, causing paralysis and pray to get tangled in the tentacles
What is the head portion of a jellyfish called?
The bell
How do Cnidaria polyps move?
Some polyp forms can do somersaults (or wormlike inching along) to move similar to somersaulting or crawling
What do jellyfish eat?
Anything that is small and stuck in their tentacles. Crustaceans , fish, fish eggs, planktonic larva, etc.
What organisms eat jellyfish?
Tuna, sharks, swordfish, turtles, and other jellyfish
What organisms eat anemones?
Nudibranches, some species can place the anemones nematocysts on their back for protection
Polyps are _____ organisms and attach to substrate using their ___________.
Sessile
Pedal disk
How do Cnidaria reproduce?
Sexually and asexually
What are hydrozoa?w
Hydras
What are scyphozoa?
Common jellyfish
What are Anthozoa?
Sea anemones and corals
What are the four classes of Cnidaria?
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Anthrozoa
Cubozoa
What are cubozoas?
Box jellyfish
What are some characteristics of Cubozoa?
Strong swimmers
Produce highly toxic venom with long tentacles
Have eyes and other sense organs
What are the two groups of Anthozoa?
Zoanthraria- sea anemones and hard corals
Octocorallia- see fans, sea pansies, sea pens, and soft corals
What are the five mollusk classes?
Polyplacophra: chitons Scaphopoda: task shells or tooth shells Bivalves: clams, oysters, muscles Gastropods: snails, slugs, limpets, whelks Cephalopods: octopus, squid, Nautilis
Polyplacophora:
Exclusively marine, chitons are somewhat dorsoventrally flattened molluscs with a dorsal surface covered with a series of usually 8 (rarely 7) overlapping, articulated, calcareous plates.
Do Scaphopoda (tusk shells) have gills?
No, gas exchange occurs across the mantle itself
What do scaphopoda eat?
Detritus and other small organisms
How do scaphopoda capture food?
With captaculla: thread like mucus covered tentacles that have adhesive knobs on either end.
What is the largest class of mollusks?
Gastropods
What is the second largest class of mollusks?
Bivalves
What holds the two shelves of a bivalve together?
Hinge ligament
How do bivalves reproduce
Sexually, fertilization is X ternal
What is an operculum?
A lid made of protein that can be used to close the shell opening
What are the three groups of gastropods?
Prosobranchia: everyone calls, wealth, oyster boars, and limpets
Opistibranchia: Sea slugs, sea butterflies, sea hares
Plumonata: land snails and slugs
Where are the shells of cephalopods?
Internal
Cephalopods have chromatophores. What are chromatophores?
Pigments within cells that allowed the organism to change colors to blend into their surroundings
What organisms are in the phylum platyhelminthes?
Flatworms
What characteristics do Playthelminthes have?
Triploblast
Bilateral symmetry
protostomes
Acoelomate
What classes are found within Playthelminthes?
Tubellaria: free living flatworms
Trematoda: parasitic flukes
Cestoda: parasitic tapeworms
Playthelmintheswere the first to develop cephalizatiion. What is cephalization?
The development of sense organs connected at the head end of the organism. Also have a ladder type nervous system.
How do Playthelminthes reproduce?
Sexually or asexually. Some are hermaphroditic.
How many classes are in Playthelminthes?
1) Turbellaria: free living flatworms
2) Termtoda: Endo parasitic fluke
3) monogenea: parasitic flukes that are mainly ectoparasites
4) Cestoda: tapeworms
