Test #1

Question 1

Reproduce List of Models

Answer 1

socio/environmental 
genetic/physiological
personality/intrapsyhic
coping/social learning
conditioning/reinforcement
compulsive & excessive behavior
biopsychosocial

Question 2

What are the neutralizations?

Answer 2

denial of responsibility
denial of injury
denial of victim
condemnation of condemners
appealing to higher loyalties

Question 3

What are the Freudian defenses?

Answer 3

repression
denial
projection
displacement
regression
sublimation

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

stimulus
unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus
physiological response (heart beat faster & drug takes it away)

Question 5

Operant Conditioning

Answer 5

reinforcement
punishment
acquisition
extinction
behavioral response
discriminative stimulus

Question 6

Driving by the liquor store everyday after work is an example of what?

Answer 6

operant conditioning

Question 7

What are the stages of change?

Answer 7

pre-contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
termination
relapse

Question 8

Socio/environmental model

Answer 8

emphasizes the role of societal influences, peer pressure, social policies, availability, and family systems as mechanisms responsible for the adoption & maintenance of addiction

Question 9

Genetic/physiological model

Answer 9

Family studies indicate increasing risk ratios for individuals as the # of alcoholic relatives rises & more problems as well. Studies have been done showing genetics as contributing factor of alcoholism.

Question 10

Personality/intrapsychic model

Answer 10

correspondence between drug abuse & antisocial personality disorder, impulsivity, non-comformity, independence, & hyperactivity

Question 11

Coping/social learning model

Answer 11

individuals use substances as alternative coping mechanisms and rely on their addictions to manage situations, or feelings of frustration, anger, anxiety or depression

Question 12

Conditioning/reinforcement model

Answer 12

• hard to extinguish behaviors
  ex: slot machine
• reinforcement plays a role in goal-directed, operant behaviors

Question 13

Compulsive/excessive behavior models

Answer 13

the behavior is out of control & the individual seems to be satisfying a physiological need/ conflict
ex: cleaning rituals

Question 14

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 14

addiction is best understood as the result of a confluence of factors representing the 3 broad areas of influence

Question 15

What is the Neutralization Theory?

Answer 15

How can people deviate from the norms they’ve grown up with? (Sykes & Matza 1957)

Question 16

What was in the case study?

Answer 16

Boy named “Paul” had an alcoholic father that led to parents divorce at 8 y/o. Started drinking at a young age due to brother’s influence. Starting smoking meth & eventually manufactured it. Went to jail, now is over ten years sober & teaches at ACU.

Question 17

What are common components of addiction?

Answer 17

• habitual patterns of appetitive behavior
• excessive & produce serious consequences
• stability of behavior over time
• interrelated psychological & physiological components to behavior
• individuals have trouble stopping them

Question 18

In which model, does classical & operant conditioning fall into?

Answer 18

biopsychosocial model

Question 19

What happens in the dopamine reward system?

Answer 19

Abusing drugs increases dopamine levels. Dopamine release is believed to motivate repetition of the behavior. Decrease in dopamine causes withdrawal, depression, & explains the sense of loss.

Question 20

What is the endogenous opioid reward system?

Answer 20

Involved in the rewarding effects. It is also associated with aspects of rewards, such as the feelings of enjoyment that follow drug use.