Test 1 Flashcards
1
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A
Venus of Willendorf
- palaeolithic (period)
- 24,000 BCE
- stone sculpture
- based after the goddess of love
- portable-period of nomads/hunter-gatherers: comstantly moving
- female attributes exaggerated-sexually charged piece of art
- emphasis on body: large hips, breasts, public triangle, small face
- Ideal woman: symbolized wealth, bear children, better lover
2
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Lascaux Cave, Hall of the Bulls
- palaeolithic (period)
- 15,000-13,000 BCE
- Cave painting
- “The Sistine Chapel of Palaeolithic art”
- no borders-subjects in paintings often overlap: communal art-peopel add what they want
- Bull: attempt to change perspective of the animal as we see it
- attempt to show a heard of animals-shows the importance of the animals to human survival
3
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Stonehenge
- Neolithic (period)
- 3000-1500 BCE
- Stone Architecture
- Public structure
- put together for common function
- post and lintel construction-2 stones with 1 stone on top
- calendar of sorts for the solstice-very important for the farmers (this was a time where first farmers begin to appear)
4
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Uruk (Warka) Vase
- Uruk Culture (period)
- 3300-3000 BCE
- Alabaster Vase
- 3 Sections-Social Stratification(From bottom to top): plants, animals, naked men carrying vessels, Goddess Inanna
- Goddess Inanna: surrounded by servants, larger than the others-shows her importance
- This is the first evidence of this being a religious event
5
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Nanna Ziggurat at Ur
- Sumerian (period)
- 2100-2050 BCE
- Mud-brick architecture
- Dedicated to the goddess Nanna-religious temple
- People would walk up the steps and hold ceremonies at the top
- Mud brick stacted upon each other
6
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Law Codes of Hammurabi
- Babylonian (period)
- 1792-1750 BCE
- Stone Stele
- Stone stele-an up right piece of stone that has an inscription on it: shows these people were literate
- Top: Hammurabi standing in front of a deity which we know because it has a hat and horns coming out of his head. He is smaller than the deity (shows inferiority). Thuderbolts on the deity’s back. A tool that shows an architect building a city-sign of power in the ancient world
7
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Lamassu
- Assyrian (period)
- 883-859 BCE
- Stone Sculpture
- Large creatures with human features (man’s face) and long beards
- crowns with horns-show they are dieties
- Bulls with wings
- Both Mesopotamia and Egypt view their dieties as these large animals
- 5 legs-can only see from 3/4 view: both front and side it looks like only 4 legs
- Protective deities-faces look both inside and outside: follow you when you walk
8
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Apadana of Darius I and Xerxes I
- Persian
- 518-460 BCE
- Stone Architecture
- Persian Period
- on the persepolis: large bridge like structure meant for gathering of people, large animals protect bridges
- Darius sits in chair and is waiting for people to come up steps
- He sits with his staff, has a long beard, entorage of people behind him
- Precession of the tribute
9
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A
Palette of Narmer
- Egyptian Early Dynastic (period)
- 2950-2775 BCE
- Stone relief sculpture
Front:
- Narmer: is stanting in the middle (front), kilt tied in, torso is frontal (holding man’s hand), Legs frontal
- Men below him=men he has already killed
- Narmer stands for catfish in a drill-famous for being first king to unite upper and lower Egypt
- Bird-Horus: god
Back:
- Narmer standing with armor and assistants behind him
- Men standing with arms cut off and limbs tied
- intertwined dinosaurs with men holding these in a leash=shows unification of Egypt
- Bull-knocking down city
- Crowns they wear indicate empires and unification
- hair shows what lower Eqyptians looked like
This all basically shows upper Egypt conquering lower Egypt. Hierarchy of scale-the bigger:the more power
10
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Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara
- Imhotep, Egyptian Old Kingdom (period)
- 2630 BCE
- Stone Architecture
- Imhotep-artist
- Step Pyramid-King holds ceremonies on steps
- This is a tomb!
- Statues held behind the false facade looking things to the left of the pyramid
- had many chambers and levels
- Imhotep: Architect for King Djoser, became deified (god of craftsmen, scribes; he was literate
11
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Pyramids of Giza
- Egyptian Old Kingdom
- 2575-2450 BCE
- Stone architectire
- enormous structures
- pharoah wants to show his power with the monumentality of this-size shows strength!
- kinds took all of their possessions with them: believed death was just the beginning, tombs got robbed (this is why they fell out of use)
12
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A
Statue of Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty
- Egyptian Old Kingdom
- 2490-2472 BCE
- Stone Sculpture
- He is the pharoah-his clothes and beard tell us this
- stands with arms at side and hers around him
- She wears tight clothes-shows sexuality
- Frontality
- She is slightly smaller than him
- Statue represents their spirits
13
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A
Great Temple of Amun at Karnak
- Egypt New Kingdom
- 1292-1190 BCE
- Stone Architecture
- Use columns-post and lintel systen
- Size used to impress you upon the importance of them
- covered with inscriptions and depictions
- people in this time were not exposed to this imagery so they would stop and state in awe
14
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Mask of Tutankhamon
- Egyptian New Kingdom
- 1322 BCE
- Gold with glass and semiprecious stone inlays
- Mask that he wore
- elaborate mask and he was considered only a minor king!
- found with the rest of his treasury in his tomb
15
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A
Book of the Dead
- Egyptian New Kingdom
- 1285 BCE
- Painted Papyrus
- instructions on what to do when you die
- scroll
- elements repeat-man approaches Psiris
- Feather of MA’AT-feather of truth:weighed by Horus (Must weigh less than the feather of will be eaten by creature with crocidile head)
- Canonic jars-what would be weighed, held different body parts
16
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A
Seated Harp Player
- Aegean Cylcadic Early Bronze Age
- 2700-2500 BCE
- Stone Figurine
- seated, head tilded back further than normal (singing), playing harp
- first hint at music in the Aegean
- Bard-person who sings the poem from pure memory
- pre-literate society
17
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The Palace of Minos at Knossos
- Aegean Minoan Middle and Late Bronze Age
- 2000-1375 BCE
- Stone Architecture
- Daedalus
- maze like structure
- bull motif
- largest minoian palace
- throne room: throne chair in center with legs cemented in, griffins on both sides to show royalty
18
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Toreador Wall-painting
- Aegean Minoan Late Bronze Age
- 1550-1450 BCE
- Fresco-painting technique: plaster put on wall and colored plaster added to it then heated to dry
- Bull in flying gallop-legs out suggest it in running
- women holding the bull (wearing kilts that are for men)
- bull motif shows up many places on this island
19
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The Lion Gate at Mycenae
- Aegean Mycenaean Late Bronze Age
- 1250 BCE
- Stone Architecture and Relief Sculpture
- Lions facing a column-conquering the column, no heads on lions (believed they were one pieces of bronze that faced out)
- Minoan Column-thin at bottom, gets wider at top
- Cyclopean Masonry-cut blocks to fit their spot, stacked on top of oneanother, no binding agent
- walls kept invaders out and allowed protectors to surrpund both sides
- Post and lintel structure
- stone fits into relieving triangle: used to imporess people entering
- same gate Agamemnon enters through
20
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A
The Treasury of Atreus
- Aeuean Mycenaean Late Bronze Age
- 1300-1200 BCE
- Stone Architecture
- Post and lintel stucture
- Corbelled vaulting-false arch
- relieving triangle
- could spin this around and make a large open area inside
- Used to inclose a lot of space without many supporting columns in the center
21
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A
Dipylon Krater
- Greek Geometric
- 750-700 BCE
- Painted Vase
- geometric period-pottery contains different geometric shapes
Different Registers:
- Top: Center-person lying on table, people left and right, triangle shaped bodies, hands at head, all the same (pulling hair-doing what mourners do), death shroud abole the table (body burnt after service)
- Bottom: Ceremony prior to burial, parade, men in military armor, chariots
- Horror vacui-fear of the emptiness
22
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Foundry Painter, A Bronze Foundry
- Greek Transitional from Archaic to Early Classical
- 490-480 BCE
- Red-Figure Vase
- bottom of a drinking vessel
- men in various stances putting together metal men
- metal molds on the walls
- study of the man form-seated, standing, in full profile
- red figures against a black backround
- naked men-artist is showing how he can portray the body in this manner
- classical period painting
23
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A
Anavysos Kouros
- Greek Archaic
- 530 BCE
- Stone Sculpture
- free standing scuplture
- kourus- young man
- arms to side, left foot out- egyptian aspects
- male form
- braided hair
- dramatic difference from Egyptians: Nudity (Greeks showed men naked-admired the human form “man is the measure of all things”)
- good chance this is a god’s (Anthropomorphize gods)
24
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A
Peplos Kore
- Greek Archaic
- 530 BCE
- Stone Sculpture
- Archaic period
- wears a peplos-dress
- missing a left arm but it stuck out and was away from body (Sculptures getting more confident with use of stone, braided hair over shoulders, nice smile, looking forward)
- Thought to depict god Artemus (arrow in right hand
- painted to maintain the white
25
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A
Kritios Boy
- Greek Early Classical
- 480 BCE
- Stone Sculpture
- Contrapposto position: one leg out, rest one back hip, shoulders relaxed-our natural state
- butt shifted a bit to show the stance
- study of the man form to get in its most natural way
- solemn look-appears to be looking right through you
26
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A
Parthenon
- Architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates
- Classical Greek
- 447-438 BCE
- Stone Architecture
- House of the goddess Athena
- Ceremonies took place outside the temple
- Panathenaic Procession
- Lenght is twice that of the width plus one
- Base of temple curls out-columns tilt out a bit
- each block is different from the next
27
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Pedimental Sculpture
- Phidias
- Classical Greek
- 447-432BCE
- Stone Sculpture
- Eligin Marbles-deep forls allow for the women to be seen from far away
28
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A
Lapith Fighting Centaur
- Phidias
- Classical Greek
- 447-432 BCE
- Stone Relief Sculpture
- Metope: Battle events represent civilizations battle against barbarians
- Lapith is about to kill the centaur with a sword: Hs body sticks out and has deep edges to make it stick out, crossing of the forms (climatic-about to kill the beast)
29
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A
Marshal and Young Women
- Phidias
- Classical Greek
- 447-432 BCE
- Stone Relief Sculpture
- ionic frieze
- panathenaic procession
- Serene look from the people-young men in good shape, but all look the same
- many sections with people doing different things for the procession
30
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Theater at Epidauros
- Hellenistic Greek
- 4th century BCE
- Stone Architecture
- Theater used for plays
- built into a hillside
- built in a wat so the sound would spread from the stage to the audience
- actors wore masks to help project voices
31
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Doryphoros
- Polykletios
- Classical Greek
- 450-440 BCE
- Stone Sculpture
- Spear in hand-using as a walking stick
- Walking Contrapposto with S curve
- looking to one side
- Body done in an ideal form-perfect young man
- Serence look on the man’s face
32
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A
Aphrodite of Knidos
- Praxiteles
- Hellenistic Greek
- 350 BCE
- Stone Sculpture
- She is naked in a contrapposto position with S curve
- looking off to the side
- covering her pubic area with her right hand-half covering, half inviting, she was the goddess of carnal love
- serene look on her face
33
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A
Patrician with Bust
- Roman Republic
- End of 1st century BCE
- Stone Sculpture
- Standing with busts of his ancestors-these were the old men of his family
- Lost wax technique-used the mold of a dead persons face and would make bronze statues out of them
- realism-they are real images of people
34
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A
Temple of Portunus
- Roman Republic
- 2nd -1st century BCE
- Stone Srchitecture
- engaged columns-purely decorational use
- stepts in front-enter from one side
- Romans adopting Greek culture, but changing it for their own needs
35
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A
Pont du Gard
- Roman Empire
- 1st Century BCE
- Stone Architecture
- Arches (Aqueduct): could make tunnels (barrel vault), cross vaults, domes,
- used for water (aqueducts)
- Bricks made out of concrete-can now make their own stone (Building everywhere!, spread their architecture around the world)
36
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A
Augustus Prima Porta
- Roman Principate
- Augustan Age
- Early 1st century CE
- Stone Sculpture
- Statue of emperor Augustus: Made the Roman Republic an empire where families run it rather than a senate
- Portrait face-he looks the same in every face
- Stance of an orator-arm out pointing to people
- Walking contrapposto
- Cupid-Augustus likes to say he is from divine blood, Cupid was descendent of Venus
- Robe wrapped around waste
- Cuirass-warriors outfit, god’s flying around and looking down upon the men making peace, men are agreeing to peace (peace with the east)
- Augustus is displaying peace but he is als a warrior-very important piece of propaganda
37
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Colosseum
- Roman Flavian
- 72-80 CE
- Stone architecture
- Amphitheater-double theater
- Basis for all sporting areans now
- Use of arches-allows people to enter/exit quickly
- Doric Columns on bottom, ionic columns in middle, corinthian columns up top
- animals and gladiators underneath in bottom of theater
- trap doors and elevator systems used
- shades put over building
38
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A
Arch of Titus
- Roman Flavian
- 81 CE
- Marble over Concrete Arch
- Built in commemoration of Titus’ victory-simply an arch, no purpose
- Corinthian columns
- Goddess Nike seen on arch
- Relief sculpture: Carrying menorah that they took in their victory and are traveling though an arch, shallower on outside and deeper in middle to show depth (makes view think the battle is coming towards them and then going away), Titus with chariot and 4 horses, Goddess Nike standing behind him
39
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Pantheon
- Hadrian commissioned
- Antonine dynasty
- 118-128 CE
- Stone Architecture
- For all gods
- pediment is empty
- corintian columns
- Large Dome: enclosed area uninterrupted by columns, oculus (eye) to let light in, coffers (help lighten the dome), important architectural advancement, dimple dome on a drum
40
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A
Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
- Roman
- Antonine Dynasty
- 176 CE
- Bronze statue
- Marcus Aurelius was a stoic philosopher
- Gilded Bronze
- Hand is out-orator
- Left hand hidden but holding reigns
- clothing: dressed as a philosopher with a beard
- Metaphor: he is the emperor and the horse is like Rome. He controls it and holds it back as a philosopher king
- Lets philosophy guide him through his life even though fighting is his duty
- Portraiture
41
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Monumental Statue of Constantine
- Late Roman
- 325-326 CE
- Stone Sculpture
- Constantine legalizes Christianity and handed over the Roman empire to the church, moved capital to Constantinople
- Monumental sculpture to show the power of it
- Squarish face, deep set eyesm crescent iris’
- seated like Pagan god Jupiter
- Pointing to heavens with one hand-connecting God to the earth through him
- Looks towards the heavens
42
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Arch of Constantine
- Late Roman
- 312-315 CE
- Stone Arch
- Has an arch built for himself
- Relief Sculpture-christian donation, no individuality in the men, less natural (more intent on getting story across)
- Spolia-men fighting a bore, men praying to a god
- Mixing Paganism and Christianity
