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Marine Science > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biomagnification

A

Concentrations of toxins

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2
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

the synthesis of organic compounds within an organism

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3
Q

Density

A

The degree of compactness of a substance

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4
Q

Desalination

A

Process that removes minerals from saline water.

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5
Q

Homeostasis

A

The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions

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6
Q

Ph scale

A

Measure of acidity or alkalinity of water soluble substances

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7
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Nonliving or never living things

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8
Q

Pressure

A

Physical force exhorted by an object

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9
Q

Salinity

A

Concentration of dissolved salts in water

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10
Q

Specific heat

A

Heat required to raise a temperature by a unit mass

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11
Q

Thermocline

A

Steep temperature gradient in a body of water

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12
Q

What percentage of freshwater on earth is available for us to drink?

A

0.007%

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13
Q

What process in the water cycle changes the water from a liquid to a gas?

A

Evaporation and transportation

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14
Q

Which property of water is essential for life?

A

Moderate climate temperature

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15
Q

What does waters high specific heat maintain?

A

Your metabolism, homeotasious

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16
Q

Explain why ice floats on water

A

Less dense and expands

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17
Q

Where do gases increase and decrease in the ocean? How are gases distributed?

A

From currents

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18
Q

What type of water can hold more dissolved gases?

A

Cold, salty water

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19
Q

What causes supersaturation? What returns it to superstation levels?

A

Abundance of plants, the waves, atmosphere

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20
Q

What is turbulence? What does it increase?

A

Water movement, increases the amount of gases that dissolved in water

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21
Q

Which organism uses nitrogen directly?

A

Bacteria

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22
Q

Which process produces carbon dioxide and uses carbon dioxide?

A

Photosynthesis

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23
Q

Which process produces carbon dioxide and uses oxygen

A

Cellular respiration, decomposition

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24
Q

What is the compensation depth?

A

The depth at which the photosynthesis rate is the same as the plant respiration rate

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25
Q

What is the level of dissolved oxygen in seawater?

A

0-10ppm

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26
Q

What type of water is stagnant with no oxygen? Which organisms can live there?

A

Arerobic anaerobes

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27
Q

What causes less carbon dioxide in the ocean?

A

Too high of a temperature and salinity

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28
Q

What does rising carbon dioxide levels cause in the ocean?

A

Increase water temperature

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29
Q

What are the uses of carbon dioxide to marine organisms?

A

Calcium carbonate d+e

30
Q

What is a buffer?

A

Stop sudden pH changes

31
Q

What does bacteria convert nitrogen into?

A

Ammonia, nitrates, nitrites

32
Q

Where did the original salts in the oceans come from?

A

Volcanic activity run off

33
Q

What are the units for salinity?

A

Amount of salts in water, parts per thousand

34
Q

What is the average salinity in oceans?

A

35

35
Q

What are sea salt? Is it safe to harvest them?

A

Crystal salts, No

36
Q

What five process increase salinity in water?

A

Evaporation, freezing, run off/currents, Low freshwater, landlocked seas

37
Q

What is the difference between saltwater and freshwater freezing point?

A

Salt water = lower freezing point

38
Q

What four processes delete salinity in saltwater?

A

Precipitation, melting, river flow, runoff

39
Q

What is the principles of constant proportion?

A

The proportions of ions in sea water remains the same no matter what the salinity

40
Q

CTD

A

Temperature/ conductivity

41
Q

Salinometer

A

It uses conductivity

42
Q

Refractometer

A

Bonding of light

43
Q

What two water proportions affect density?

A

Mass/volume

44
Q

Chlorinity

A

Principle of constant proportion

45
Q

What is desalination

A

Remover of salt water into drinking water

46
Q

What process contributes to the nitrogen cycle?

A

Bacteria

47
Q

How does bacteria convert nitrogen into nitrogen compounds?

A

Ammonia, bacteria, add oxygen

48
Q

What are nitrates a product of?

A

Pollution and bacteria

49
Q

What do we use nitrates for?

A

Fertilizer for plants

50
Q

What happens when too many nitrates enter the water?

A

Can cause algae blooms that block sunlight

51
Q

How does oil pollution spread so rapidly?

A

Currents

52
Q

Three affects of oil pollution:

A

Hurtful to animals etc

53
Q

What is biomagnification

A

The concentration of toxic chemicals increases as they move higher up the food chain

54
Q

What problems arize from dumping chemicals in the ocean?

A

They get ingested by animals and block sunlight

55
Q

How does temperature limit distribution of ocean life?

A

It affects density, salinity, dissolved gasses etc

56
Q

How does rising atmosphere temperature affect the oceans?

A

Decrease salinity, salt water has lower freezing point

57
Q

What is the thermocline?

A

A physical barrier

58
Q

What does a thermocline cause?

A

The mixture of the upper and lower levels of water

59
Q

What are the examples of endothermic organisms

A

Snake, fish, lizard etc

60
Q

What is the only predictable parameter in water?

A

Pressure

61
Q

What does one atmosphere equal?

A

14.7 LB/IN

62
Q

How does the pressure increase in the ocean?

A

Increase 1 atm for each 10m of depth

63
Q

How far have scuba divers gotten?

A

180 meters

64
Q

What is an air embolism? How can they be prevented?

A

Air bubbles, should ascend 30 feet per minute

65
Q

What is “rapture of the deep”

A

Nitrogen causes euphoric feelings at depth

66
Q

How does “the bends occur”?

A

Ascends too quickly

67
Q

What is the result of the bends?

A

Crippling, pain in joints

68
Q

Which color is absorbed the fastest in water and why?

A

Red because it’s the longest wavelength

69
Q

How does this affect the ocean color?

A

Blue green light transmits to a depth 200m

70
Q

What is the euphotic zone?

A

Where light can be found

71
Q

How do objects appear in water?

A

Closer or bigger

72
Q

What is the speed of sound in water relation to air?

A

15-29 meters per second, 4 times faster

Marine Science (2 decks)

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