Test 1 Flashcards
According to Clerc, what makes Massieu different from those deaf who were educated before him?
He was involved with deaf culture, not the hearing world
What did Massieu worship as a child?
The sky
What was Massieu’s one true ambition in life?
Education of the deaf
Based on Clerc’s description describe Jean Massieu, his personality, his mind and how he saw/interpreted the world around him, his relationship with the students and how they perceived him.
Child-like interpretation of the world. Not stupid, unsophisticated. “Laughable, but also loveable” (WTMH 23). Feared to dissappoint his pupils
How did Massieu’s love for watches benefit Sicard?
Saved Sicard twice
What did Massieu teach Sicard?
Sign and respect for the deaf.
What is the significance of the title of this chapter?
Massieu was a shepherd of sheep and of deaf children. Hey was also a symbol of the deaf (highly involved in deaf community, not just trying to fit into the hearing world)
Identify the 3 failings Sicard had (which angered Napoleon) that were utterly alien to Massieu?
Hypocrisy, vanity, guile (deceit)
In what country do the earliest records of deaf education come from?
Spain
Who is Fray Melchor De Yebra and why is he important in deaf history?
First Spaniard to record a method of communicating with the deaf (APOTO 11). Published drawings of handshapes. His discussion of using fingerspelling showed that he didn’t think this kind of communication was strange (for deaf or hearing). This alphabet is almost exactly the same as the ASL fingerspelled alphabet, and is probably it’s source (and France’s)
Juan Pablo Bonet’s methods of teaching deaf children were compared to those of what other famous person?
Alexander Graham Bell
How did Bonet feel about teaching deaf people speechreading?
You can’t teach them. They may be able to teach themselves by paying “great attention”, but you cannot teach them.
What was Sir Kenelm Digby’s impression of Don Luis de Velasco when he met him in Madrid?
He was very impressed and exaggerated Velasco’s skills
What was happening in America in regards to deaf education during the 1700s?
Nothing
Why was the situation at the San Salvador monastery at Ona ideal for deaf children living there?
Monks had been using sign for years, so signing was encouraged. They were able to work in small groups and the monastery was very wealthy thanks to the rich families supporting it, so the children were well taken care of.
In his Forward of WTMH, Lane states that people are quite afraid of what?
Diversity
Lane says his book is a study of what?
Anatomy of Prejudice
What does Lane say is his point of view in writing this history?
Deaf people have a language and culture
Why did Lane choose to write from Clerc’s perspective? How does he accomplish this? (What made it possible for him to do this?)
Clerc is an important Deaf man who lived the history being related. Lane used personal journals and Clerc’s closest friend’s comments to create this book.
Traditionally, according to Lane, hearing students of the deaf have been proceeding on what premise about deaf people? (What have hearing people assumed about deaf people?)
Deafness is a problem that needs to be fixed- medical perspective.
Lane credits Robert P. McGregor with saying that the proscription of the national language of a conquered people is what?
Tyranny
What was Laurent Clerc’s first act of defiance?
Stopped talking
Laurent Clerc states, “It seemed that I had exchanged the fields and grottos of La Balme for the confines of a monastery. So much I had lost. What had I gained?” What is his answer?
New language and family
Who is Etienne de Fay?
France 1669-1749; Deaf born, smart, teacher, educated at Abbe of Amiens starting at age 5. Became architect, sculptor, librarian and teacher.
What was the earliest documented and witnessed use to the manual alphabet and sign language by Deaf people in Britain?
A marriage ceremony
What acute observations were made by Richard Carew in his book A Survey of Cornwall in 1595 on Edward Bone and his associations with various people?
Edward Bone could lipread, use one form of sign to communicate with his master and a different form to sign with a friend. This is an example of code switching.
Who was Venerable Bede?
700 AD England; inventor of one-handed alphanumeric system
In The Letters of Dorothy Osbourne, how does she describe her visits with Sir Edward and his deaf brother?
Tedious, very frustrating, exhausting
What is Bede’s alphanumerical system?
Fingers can be used for numbers and letters
Bede’s alphanumerical system prospered and developed in Europe up through the 17th and 18th C except which 2 countries?
England and Scottland
What was the Arthrological method and how was it received by the deaf? Why?
Pointing to joints of fingers for letters of the alphabet. Deaf didn’t use it because it was invented by hearing men who did not consult with the deaf about it.
Reasons for lack of historical studies of Deaf people.
deaf people had neither produced their
own histories themselves
• not attracted the attention of hearing
scholars
• viewed from the perspective of pathology
so focus was on searching for cures or
making it disappear
• shared characteristics of other
minorities..poor, never held positions of political strength within the majority society
• small numbers
• history is devalued by the majority so it is
not written or recorded
Western religious tradition contained varied, often conflicting attitudes toward deafness. According to APOTO, what were the different perspectives on deafness in the Old and New Testament?
Old Testament: optimistic, divine-created by God in that manner, tolerant, treat with care and kindness.
New Testament: negative, objects of pity, curable by miraculous means, proof of past sins by parents or person, evil spirit, an object to be used to show manifestation of Christ’s power, lost human being.
What passage in the New Testament created the most damaging blow for deaf people in Christianity?
Romans 10: 17 “So faith then cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God”.
What were some of the conflicting descriptions of St. Augustine’s perception of deaf people? Why do you think this occurred?
“ deafness is a hinderance to faith” is a quote by Augustine to describe the difficulties of obtaining the word of God. He did however in another dialogue say that they could learn and are able to receive faith and salvation. Unfortunately people only paid attention to this first statement and completely ignored his later statement. He was simply stating the fact that at the time it was very difficult..a hinderance..but never said it was impossible, to acquire faith due to lack of hearing, communication,and interpreters.
What kinds of medical treatments on the deaf were used in the ancient and medieval Western societies?
• noise therapy
• pouring liquids into ears such as oil,
honey, vinegar, bile of rabbits or pigs, garlic juice, human milk, goats urine.
Justinian law developed the Jewish classification on deafness and expanded it to five classes. Which class was required to have a legal guardian?
The Congenitally Deaf and Dumb
In the 17th C, why did the medical and theological musings over deafness give way to literature about the education of deaf people?
literacy was now becoming widespread and printed books were becoming common. The need to be able to read and write became a critical skill and thus people needed to be able to do so.
In which two countries did Thomas Braidwood set up his private academy for the deaf?
Scotland and England
