Final Flashcards
What does lane mean when he speak of the True History and False History
False- The skill is all the teacher’s, not the Deaf’s.Oral teachers saved the deaf
True History- What really happened.
Lane gives 14 steps to the making of a successful oral teacher. What are they?
- Rich clients—can pay for it. Carefully select and teach a few students..lost hearing later, greaterintelligence, still hear some3. Deny your student’s unique qualities, only teacher’s intelligence4. Disregard your student’s previous teachers5. Exaggerate your own accomplishments and your students6. Teach few but give impression of many7. Learn your student’s sign language8. (but) Deny knowing or using your pupil’s sign language9. Be patient-inactive mind (Epee’s description of an ideal oralist teacher)10. Live in student’s home or student live in your home at his expense11. Swear students to secrecy; permit no one to observe you. The more secretive, the more people will believe in its power12. Hire relatives “family secret and legacy”13. Publish. Acknowledge predecessors-this gives substance to your work but insist your methods are original and only became aware of others after you invented the method14. Collect student testimonials
Who does Lane say are the only two men in the history of deaf education who had the genius to originate and the commitment to act?
PPL and L’Epee
Who “could not be hearing and would not be deaf”?
Marie Marois (student of Pereire)
According to Epee, what type of person would make a good candidate for an oralist teacher?
Someone whose mind is not active; dull
What two things motivated Pereire to become a teacher of the deaf?
persecution and love
What was Pereire’s one contribution to the true history of the Deaf?
Wrote down finger spelling and it spread across Europe and America
Where did Bonet get the handshapes for his manual alphabet?
Melchor de Yebra
What was the primary reason why PPL and Ramirez de Carrion taught the de Velascos speech?
Law- if you can’t talk you’re not a real person.
What were some of the assumptions the Abbe Deschamps had about sign language?
vague, concrete and arbitrary
What were Epee’s views about teaching the deaf to speak? What did he say about using French–spoken, finger spelled, written–as a vehicle for the basic instruction of the deaf?
Took a lot of time and they wouldn’t acquire understanding. It wasn’t worth it. It was more important for him to educate the mind.
What did Pierre Pelissier, a deaf professor, publish in regards to the deaf that Lane says will allow his name to go down in history for this achievement?
What signs look like- pronunciation of sign.
What hearing person is said to hold a place next to the Abbe de l Epee for the French Deaf?
Roch-Ambroise Bebian. He could sign like a Deaf person and was actually friends with the Deaf students. He wasn’t trying to be in any position of power.
What condition (in regards to how the school was run) was the Paris Institute during Sicard’s declining years?
Poor; teachers didn’t have a curriculum they were following so students weren’t progressing from class to class. Everyone was teaching their own thing, but they were all using methodical sign which Bebian saw as worthless.
WHat led to Bebian being forced to resign from the Paris Deaf Institute?
Sicard couldn’t protect him anymore. Fought the management for Deaf rights. He was too loud.
Who was supposed to succeed Sicard as the headmaster of the school? What happened to him instead?
Massieu; forced to retire because he was too smart for the hearing board; married an 18 year old girl who helped him become more normal
What happened that led Jean-Marc Itard to the school and eventually make it part of his life?
He was avoiding the military draft and got a friend to make him a doctor.
What did Itard do to Victor that Lane felt was unforgivable?
Wouldn’t allow him to learn sign with the boys. At the school
What eventually happened to the Wild Boy of Aveyron after Itard finished working with him years later?
Became mute
How did Itard describe deaf people during his early years at the school?
Civilized on the outside, barbaric on the inside
What were some of Itard’s medical experiments on the deaf students?
Pour liquid in their ears, crack their skulls and place a white hot button behind their ears, leeches on necks, electricity to ears
What did Itard blame for his failure to teach the deaf speech?
Sign Language
After many years Itard had a radical change in his views on deaf education and the role of sign language. What led to this change and who helped him?
Allibert; He had been training Allibert one on one, but Allibert convinced Itard to let him learn at the Paris Deaf Institute. Itard saw that the growth and evolution of signing society made instruction easier and more effective.
By 1821 what did Itard finally realize about the Paris Institute?
Sign language was the best way to educate the Deaf
Describe De Gerando’s personality and character.
Arrogant, Ignorant and set in his ways. He was trying to be benevolent but went about it the wrong way.
Itard makes comparisons between Massieu and Clerc to prove a point about the school. Discuss some of his comparisons.
Massieu’s style was socially awkward, he wrote choppily with spurts of genius. Clerc was eloquent and socially interactive and it was evident in his writing.
What two steps did Desire Ordinaire try to implement at the Paris Deaf Institute to become a fully spoken French Program?
Keep the same teacher all 6 years; hearing teachers, deaf assistants, teach speech
How did the faculty respond to Desiere Ordinaire’s efforts to make the Paris Deaf Institute a fully spoken French program?
Kept teaching sign anyway, wouldn’t stand for it. He was only there for 3 days.
What does drapetomania mean?
A disease that caused slaves to run away from their masters. The cure is abuse.
How is deviance defined traditionally in the social science of literature?
An attribute that is different from other members of society and socially isolates a person
Who is Sir George Downing (mid 1600s) and what is significant about him?
A government official from Kent who hired Deaf spies and used sign language to communicate with them.
What we’ll-known person did research on the Vinyarders and why?
AGB; to see how deafness occurred (if it was hereditary, etc) and to stop marriages between deaf.
Where did the Bolling family live
Virginia
The first time deafness appeared in the Bolling family (to our knowledge), how many family members were deaf?
3
What did Mason Finch Cogswell and William Bolling have in common?
Both had deaf children and contacted Braidwood to set up a school for the deaf. Both wanted schools for the deaf for more than just heir own children.
How/where was the first deaf Bolling educated
Braidwood school in Scotland
How/where was at least one of the second generation Bollings educated?
at the Bolling plantation
How did John Braidwood’s plans for opening a deaf school in America change from the time he arrived?
He first wanted a school in Philadelphia, then in Baltimore but ended up in jail in New York for debt
How might education for the deaf in America have been different (based on APOTO ch. 3)?
Braidwood may have started oral education for wealthy deaf children and wouldn’t have really cared for the students, just their money
Who was Jacob Pereire
Grew up in Spain but moved to France. Students included his sister and Azy d’Etavigny. He used fingerspelling and signing to teach speech. “Greatest Demutizer of all”. Being minority was painful-try to blend in with majority
Who was PPL?
Spanish monk who taught the De Velasco brothers. Believed in understanding first, then speech. Used signs and fingerspelling to teach speech. Wrote down names of objects.
Who was Jan Pablo Bonet?
Spanish; no students; used de Carrion’s methods to teach; comprehension after pronunciation and speech. Lipreading can’t be taught. Claims to have taught Luis de Velasco, but didn’t.
Who was the Abbe Deschamps?
French; taught at private school; used sign to explain grammar, vocab, and fields of knowledge. Used signs to teach. Wrote a book defending spoken language for Deaf people.
Who was Ramirez de Carrion?
Spanish, taught Luis de Velasco; used violence adn alphabet, pronounce letters then words, then sentences, used fingerspelling and taught speech. Taught first deaf pupil out of monastery.
Who was Etienne Defaye?
French; taught Azy d’Etavigny; taught by monks with sign; architect for monastery buildings, sculptor, knew geometry, mechanics, design; taught deaf students, designed the monastery
Who was Saboureaux de Fontenay?
French; taught by Pereire by fingerspelling and signing; pronounced French sounds distinctly; presented before Royal Academy of Science
Who was Luis de Velasco?
Spanish; taught by Carrion; Bonet says he did, but didn’t; taught orally and via fingerspelling; learned to speak read and write; carried on the family line
Who was Azy d’Etavigny
deaf Frenchman; physicians/surgeons tried to “heal” him; taught 8 years at abby amiens by Defaye; taught by Pereire-oral method. Defay-writing/reading sign. Learned oral method from Pereire; speech/writing/reading from Defaye; P. Jewish so contracted to teach at catholic abbey-success-speech deteriorated, Azy stayed with Pereire
Ferdinand Berthier
First known vice president of the welfare social organization of the Deaf. Nominated for the national assembly. Clerc’s most gifted student.
Pierre Pelissier
Wrote the pronunciation guide for sign language
Claudius Forestier
Wanted to be a professor but was passed up multiple times in favor of hearing professors. Left the school and became the director of the Deaf School. First vice president of the national welfare society for the Deaf.
Roche-Ambroise Bebian
Friend to the Deaf, Sicard’s godson, wrote a manual on how to teach the Deaf
How did Thomas pay for his European travels?
Cogswell funded him
What was Alice’s father’s first reaction to the deafness of his daughet? What did he do? What motivated him act so?
He was sad and upset, but he was proactive in trying to give her every opportunity to learn and develop because he realized that was all he could do.
Why did the presentations given by educated Deaf Frenchmen cause such a stir in England when there were several schools for the deaf there?
The deaf in England were not as educated as the deaf in france.
How was Gallaudet a gifted communicator? What did he do with this gift?
He could communicate with just his face. He would describe a story to the deaf children with his face and they would guess it.
In England, Dr. Watson agreed to allow Thomas to observe the methods of instruction used at the Braidwood academy. Why didn’t Thomas stay to learn there?
They were very secretive and they wanted him to stay for a long time.
Why was Gallaudet unable to learn the secrets used at the deaf school in Edinburgh, Scotland/
They wouldn’t let him
How did Alice communicate at Lydia’s school?
home sign, pantomime, and fingerspelling
For what reason did Lange criticize Lydia’s portrayals of Alice in her poetry?
she idealized the Deaf
Before leaving for America, Clerc sought approval of which two people? What were their responses?
Sicard and Family
How long was Clerc planning on being in America?
3 yrs.
Gallaudet undergoes a paradigm shift in his perceptions of sign language and use of speech in education. Explain this shift.
Oralism was innefficient and many Deaf needed education; oralism eats up time
How does Gallaudet feel about teaching speech?
Sign can express everything words can. Speech is not worth it.
What were Gallaudet’s assumptions and biases when he first went to Europe?
Sign is universal and iconic, speech is necessary
What does Gallaudet say is the problem with oralists?
They don’t understand what they oppose.
Clerc lists 4 common fallacies:
pictoral, primitive, universal, concrete
When did Clerc arrive in america?
1816
How was Clerc’s English when he arrived in America?
Good in writing, but not speech. Used sign to communicate with others.
What is the key to federalist philanthropy?
Religion
What are the different motivations Gallaudet focuses on in his fundraising campaign?
Religion
Difference between washington and Adams to the french democratic ideals that inspired Jefferson and Jackson
W/A: aristocrastic
J/J: common man
How did clerc participate in fundraising efforts?
Spoke to congress
How many students started at the Connecticut Asylum have when it opened?
7
What did Monroe ask Clerc when he visited the school?
How old are you?
Who are sophia fowler and Eliza Boardman?
Sophia: married gally
Eliza: married clerc
Groce mentions several things that combine to create difficulties in all aspects of life for deaf individuals. What are they?
Misinformation, difficulty communicating, ignorance
Sir George Downy?
Gov. official from Kent who hired Deaf spies and signed with them
5 common myths about sign language?
young, primitive, universal, derivitive of spoken language, iconic
Perceived causes of deafness?
contracted same way as small pox, environmental, corsets are too tight, will of God
