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Horticulture > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Horticulture -

A

The study of crops that require intense and constant care, from planting through delivery to the consumer

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2
Q

Botany-
Physiology-
Taxonomy-

A

Study of plants

study of plant growth and function

classification of plants

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3
Q

Pathology-
Morphology-
Anatomy -

A

Study of plant diseases

study of plant form and structure

study of cellular structure of plants

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4
Q

Who is the father of modern day horticulture?

What society did he found?

A

Liberty Hyde Bailey

Founded ASHS- American society for Horticulture Science

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5
Q

What types of crops are horticultural crops?

A

pretty much all plants, trees, bushes, fruits, grasses, turf

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6
Q

Pomology-

A

Growing/Processing Fruits and Nuts

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7
Q

Olericulture-

A

Growing/processing Vegetables

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8
Q

Ornamental Horticulture -

A

cultivation of plants for their aesthetic value

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9
Q

Landscape Horticulture-

A

the planning and installation of plants in an outdoor space to secure the most desirable relationships between land forms, structures, and plants to best meet our needs for function and beauty.

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10
Q

Arboriculture-

A

cultivation of woody plants;

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11
Q

Urban Forestry-

A

Management of planted and naturally occurring trees in urban and urban interface areas.

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12
Q

Floriculture-

A

growing and production of flowers and foliage plants.

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13
Q

Post-harvest Horticulture

A

Processing, preservation, storage, and shipping of horticulture crops and products.

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14
Q

Recreational Horticulture -

Hort. Therapy-

Home Hort.-

A

horticulture that emphasizes the emotional and recreational value of working with plants

form of therapy that uses horticulture plants

growing ornamental/edible plants around the home.

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15
Q

What are the top 3 countries in fruit and veggie production-

A

China, India, Nigeria

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16
Q

Which country has the highest value of floriculture exports-

A

the netherlands

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17
Q

Name 5 careers in the Hort Industry-

A 
Golf Course superintendent,
Seed salesman
Landscape Designer
Orchard Supervisor
Berry Grower
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18
Q

Monocots-

A

One cotyledon
Parallel venation
Random vascular bundles(monkey face)
Flower Parts in 3s

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19
Q

Dicot-

A

Two cotyledon
New venation
Around edges
Flower parts in 4 or 5s

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20
Q

systematics-

A

study of diversity among organisms to establish evolutionary relationships.

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21
Q

Who is credited with developing the binomial system of nomenclature?

A

Carl Linnaeus

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22
Q

List the Taxonomic groups big to small-

A 
Kingdom 
Phylum
Class 
Order 
Family
Genus
Species
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23
Q

What is the difference between sp. and spp?

A

sp. is singular for species, spp. is plural for species

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24
Q

What is the difference between a variety and a cultivar?

A

Variety is a group of plants found in nature so different it warrents further classification

A cultivar is a single plant or group of genetically identical plants that have been cultivated or bred by humans to maintain specific characteristics

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25
Q

What group of vascular plants reproduce by spores? What group of plants have naked seeds?

A

Ferns

Gymnosperms

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26
Q

Name two monocots:
Dicots:
Gymnosperms:
by common names

A
  1. Bermuda, Lilly
  2. Sunflower, Spurge
  3. Conifers, Cycads
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27
Q

Life cycle of :
Annual-
Biennial-
Perennial-

A
  1. One growing season to complete
  2. Two growing seasons to complete
  3. Lives for more than two years.
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28
Q

Deciduous-

A

Plants that lose leaves a portion of the year

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29
Q

Evergreen-

A

Plants that retain leaves year round

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30
Q

Woody-

A

Plant with dense sturdy tissue

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31
Q

Herbaceous plants

A

non-woody or succulent plants.

32
Q

Tropical-

A

plants whos origin is between the tropics of cancer and Capricorn.

33
Q

Subtropical plants-

A

whos who usually do well in regions where night temps are usually above freezing.

34
Q

Temperate plants-

A

plants who do well in regions where temps drop below freezing

35
Q

WHat is the difference between warm season and cool season plants-

A

warm- grow best between 80-95

Cool- grow best between 60-75 :ky blue, spinach

36
Q

Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable:

A

Botanically they are considered a fruit of the vine, but in common language they are referred to as a vegetable because they are enjoyed with dinner and not desert.

37
Q

what are the botanical and horticultural definitions for fruit and vegetable?

A

botanical- fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing seed or seeds.
Horticultural- plant or part that can be consumed with little or no preparation.

38
Q 
What are the main functions of these plant parts:
Meristems-
Leaves-
Stems-
Roots-
A

Meristems- cell division
leaves- location of light interception and photosynthesis
stems- support, storage, and transport.
Roots- water,nutrient, and anchorage.

39
Q

What are the three types of meristems?

where are they located

A

Apical- root/stem
Intercalary- monocot stems
latteral- vascular cambium.

40
Q

What are the functions of the root cap and root hairs?

A

cap- layer of cells that protects the root as it grows through the soil
hairs- absorb water and nutrients from soil

41
Q

what are the parts of typical dicot and grass leaves?

A

blade, petiole, stipules

42
Q

What are the 2 types of net venation in dicot leaves?

A

pinnate- feather like

palmate- one point

43
Q

Name three types of modified leaves.

A

Tendrills
Spines
Plantlets
insect traps

44
Q

What are nodes-

Internodes-

A

enlarged region or joint where leaves are attached and buds are located.

area between two nodes

45
Q

What is rosette plant form? Give an example of a plant with a rosette form.

A

shortened stem, leaves appear to grow from one point

cabbage

46
Q

Functions of
Xylem:
Phloem:

A

Xylem- water and nutrients from roots to shoots, non living

Phloem-Transports sugars from shoots to roots, bigger, living

47
Q

What are the 3 layers of bark?

A

Vascular Cambium, Living phloem, Periderm

48
Q

Bud scales-

A

protective layer of small leathery modified leaves on buds of woody temperate zone shrubs.

49
Q

Leaf Scares-

A

stem portion where the leaf once attached to the stem

50
Q

Lenticels

A

small pores on the stem for gas exchange

51
Q

Trunk-

Shoot-

twig-

branch-

A

main axis of stem

one-year old stem w/ leaves

one-year old stem w/o leaves

large portion of tree from trunk or another branch

52
Q

Rhizome-

Stolons-

A

below ground stem

above ground stem

53
Q

corms-

Bulbs-

A

think, compressed underground stem of monocots

compressed underground stem with leaf scales

54
Q

Tubers-

A

enlarged underground stems,terminal portion!

55
Q

4 functions of roots-

A

anchorage
water uptake/nutrient
storage
nitrogen fixation or assimilation

56
Q

What are adventitious roots?

A

roots that from on plant tissue other than other roots.

57
Q

What are the purpose of flowers-

A

reproduction

58
Q

WHats the pistil composed of-

A

ovary, style, stigma

59
Q

whats the stamen composed of-

A

anther ,fillament

60
Q

Corolla-

A

all the petals

61
Q

Calyx-

A

collective term for sepals

62
Q

perianth-

A

term for both calyx and corolla

63
Q

Peduncle-

A

Main flower stalk

64
Q

Pedicel-

A

flower branch stalk

65
Q

receptacle-

A

enlarged tip of peduncle or pedicel where flower is born.

66
Q

inflorescence-

A

cluster of flowers, multiple units.

67
Q

Complete flower-

incomplete-

A

has sepals, petals, stamens and pistil

missing one of above.

68
Q

Perfect flower-

Imperfect-

A

has stamens and pistil

lacking one or both

69
Q

monoecious -

diecious-

A

male and female on same plant

male and female different plants

70
Q

simple fruits-

aggregate -

A

one ovary

multiple ovaries

71
Q

Pericarp-

A

Formed from ovary wall,

  1. Exocarp-skin
  2. Mesocarp- meat
  3. endocarp- covering of seed.
72
Q

Dehiscent-

indehiscent-

A

fruits splits at maturity to expose seed

fruit does not split

73
Q

Photosynthesis-

A

6 co2 + 6 H20 +light = C6H1206 + O2

74
Q

where do light dependent and dark reactions take place?

A

light dependent- thyalkoid membranes

dark reactions - stroma, use stored energy calvin cycle

75
Q

what is the difference between C3 and C4 plants

A

C3 undergo the normal calvin cycle, C4 have an extra step.
C4 is more efficient warm season grasses.
C3 is cool season.

76
Q

Respiration -

A 
C6H1206  +6 O2 = 6Co2 + 6 H2O + Energy
Mitochondria
1. Glycolysis-
2.  Krebs Cycle
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation- 
inner mitochondrial membrane
77
Q

Translocation-

A

Movement of carbohydrates, minerals and water. roots are sinks.

Horticulture (3 decks)

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