Test 1 Flashcards
3 domains of psychology
Physical, cognitive, social
Define life span perspective
Everything from conception to death
5 characteristics of the lifespan perspective
Multidisciplinary, Multidirectional, Multi contextual, Multi cultural, Plasticity
Multi-contextual breaks up into two categories called
Generation and ses( social economic states )
Define multidirectional
we not only move forward, but backwards (as may occur with aging)
Define multi disciplinary
Psychologist are not the only one studying change over the life span other guys like sociologist, and biologist study it too
Multi contextual
Influences by the world around us and our past
Multicultural
Not everybody is just one culture
Plasticity
The quality of being easily shaped and molded
Define cohorts
People born within a few years of one another
Define socioeconomics status (ses)
a social-economic scale that measures such factors as education, income, occupation, place of residence, etc
Epigenetic
the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itselfo
Define psychoanalytic theory
irrational, unconscious, drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlies human behavior
Freud
- 3 structures of personality
- 5 psychosexual stages
- unconscious mind
Erikson
- 8 stages
- Artist, teacher
- professor
- conflicts/ crisis
- environmental influences
- epigenetics
Define behavioral theory
A theory of human development that studies observable behavior. it describes the laws and processes by which behavior is learned
Define developmental psychology
The study of change over the life span
Define Cognitive theory
A theory of human development that focuses on changes in how people think over time
The Word cognitive refers not just to thinking but also to
Attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions
Assimilation
In which new experiences are interpreted to fit into, or assimilate with, old ideas
Accommodation
In which old ideas are restructured to include, or accommodate new experiences
Accommodation produces significant
Intellectual growth
Accommodation example; child says cigarette should be outlawed how can the parents receive intellectual growth
By revising their concepts to accommodate such ideas
Humanism theory
Maslow hierarchy of needs
One. Physiological Two. Safety Three. Love and belonging Four. Esteem Five. Self-actualization
Three periods of prenatal development
One. Germinal (Conception-two weeks)
Two. Embryo (week three-week eight )
Three. Fetal stage (week nine-Birth)
In the germinal stage the baby is called
Zygote
Define differentiation
Has in her mass of cells in the outer mass of cells
The inner mass is the
Embryo
The outer mass is the
Placenta
Define placenta
Sustains life of baby during pregnancy
What are the three main functions of placenta
Improvise nourishment, Oxygen, and removes any waste product
Define implantation
Embryo buries itself in the mother’s uterus lining within 10-14 days
When is the critical period
The embryo stage
What happens in the embryo stage
All the organs of the system function at week eight
When does the neural tube form
Either day 21 or 22
Define what the neural tube does
Becomes central nervous system of embryo
What week does the reproductive system completely develop
Week 12
What is the SRY gene
A gene only present in boys
What week is the age of viability
22 weeks
What is the age of viability
Earliest age in which a baby is likely to survive outside the uterus
How many baby survive at the age of viability
Only one third
At what week do 95% of babies survive with no issues
Week 28
What happens between months four and six
Extensive brain development
What is stage one of stages of birth
Uterine contractions
What are the two main functions of uterine contractions
One. Dilate cervix
Two. A efface cervix
What is the average length of contractions for female
12 hours
Define transition during birth
The baby moves from the cervix to the birth canal
What is stage two of stages of birth
Aiding baby through birth canal
What does the mother have to do during stage two in what is the average timeframe
Push the baby which aids it
10 minute- 3 hours
What is a cesarean section
Whereby the fetus is removed through incisions in the mothers abdomen
Define low birth weight
A body weight at birth of less than 5 1/2 pounds
Define very low birth weight
Under 3 lbs. 5 oz.
Define extremely low birth weight
Under 2 lbs. 3 oz.
Define teratogen
Substances, illnesses, conditions that can cause birth defects
Define behavioral teratogens
Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future Childs intellectual and emotional functioning
What are the three stages to risk analysis
One. Amount (or how much of the teratogen did they use)
Two. Timing (When did they and when did they stop)
Three. Genetics (is it heritable cause)
Why are boys genetically vulnerable
Because they do not have 2X chromosomes
How does the Apgar scale score
0-2
What are the five vital signs of the Apgar scale
Color, heartbeat, reflex irritability, muscle tone, respiratory effort
Signs of respiratory effort
The baby crying
Signs of reflex irritability
Coughing, sneezing, crying
Define postpartum depression
A sense of inadequacy and sadness
What can happen during postpartum
Taking care of the baby feels like a burden and upsets the mother
How long can baby blues last
Six weeks
How long can postpartum lost
Up to a year
If it last longer than a year what is it called
Postpartum psychosis
Who did the little Albert study
John Watson
What happened in the little Albert study
Watson conditioned infants to fear white fluffy objects such as a rabbit
Frauds two stages
Oral and anal
Oral stage
Sticking things in mouth and weaning off bottle ( 1year)
Anal stage
Potty training (2/2.5yrs)
Anal retentive
Very structured, scheduled, controlling
Anal expulsive
Slob, late, disorganized
