Test 1 Flashcards
4 reasons Turf grasses are important:
- Provide food.
- Stabilize various environments
- Furnish large group of ornamental grasses.
- Provide the major plants used as turf in lawns,parks, etc.
Turf grasses belong to what family?
how many genera? Species?
Poaceae or Gramineae
600 g, 7,500 species
150 g in us, 1,500 sp. in us
over 100 cultivars for turf managers to select.
What climate zone is Tn in?
Transitional, bermuda, zoysiagrass, tall fescue.
Name grasses in each zone:
Cool Humid:
Warm Humid:
Hot Humid:
CH: bluegrass, fine fescue, tall fescue, ryegrass
WH: Bermuda, zoysiagrass, centipedegrass.
HH: Bermuda, Zoy, centipede, carpet, bahiagrass, seashore paspalum
Describe BermudaGrass:
Cynodon spp.
from: eastern africa to east indies, 1751
9 species chromosomal #s 18-54
advantages of bermuda8:
.5 to 1.5 in cut- low cut height good traffic tolerance drought tolerance rapid recovery times- rhizomes and stolons uses 68% less water than cool season. ph tolerant 5.5-8.5 utilization of effulent water. pesticide and growth regulatory tolerance and disease resistance.
disadvantages of bermuda:
goes dormant when temps fall below 50 degrees
high N reqs .5- 2 lbs N/1000 sq.ft. per gorwing month
encroachment into other grasses.
thatch/mat producing
winter kill potiential
poor shade tolerance
unstable genetics
Scientific names and description of Common bermudagerass:
two cultivars?
C: Cynodon dactylon- 36 chromosomes, medium coarse/density, unsightly seed heads. use in roughs/ball fields. lawns. tetrapolid
seed head 3-5 spikelike racemes.
Yukon and Riveria- more cold tolerant.
Scientific names and description of hybrid bermudagerass:
H: Magennis bermudagrass, (C.Dactylon x C.Transvaalensis)- 27 chromosomes, triploid -Better disease resistance, - finer texture and darker color -tighter density -no viable seed Tiffgreen(328)-- TifWay(419)---TifSport
Ultra dwarf from location: benefits?
Texas-
Carolina-
Hawaii-
Champion
carolina
Hawaii
can be mowed under .187 to .1’’
Characteristics of ultradwarfs-
higher shoot-leaf density
slow vertical growth
increased stoloniferious growth compared to rhizomes
needs intense grooming and mowing less than 3/16’’
Bermudagrasses from Kansas state-
why?
Midfield, Midiron, Midlawn, Midway
shade/ cold tolerance
Zoysiagrass advantages
Best cold tolerance of warm season, good cold,shade, and salt tolerance slowgrowing tolerates moist soils medium to fine texture,wear resistance very dense and prevents weeds.
Zoysiagrass disadvantages-
medium to high matinence needs reel mower heavy thatch poor drought tolerance slow establishment nematode, brown patch, and dollarspot susceptible.
Zoysiagrass manilagrass-
Zoysia matrella fine leaf high matinence less cold hardy diamond, Zeon- putting green
Hybrid Zoysiagrass-
Zoysia japonica x Z. tenuifolia
good shade, dark green
high maint, thatch
Emerald.
Bahiagrass-
3 advantage-
4 disadvantages
Paspalum notatum - v shaped seed head.
- drought tolerant
- deep rooting
- tolerant of dry,sandy soils
- difficult to mow- tough seed stalks
- coarse texture
- poor salt tolerance
- mole cricket damage
Centipedegrass-
3 adv.
4 dis.
Eremochloa ophiuroides ph 5.5, acidic soils 1.seeded or sodded 2.low maintence 3.slow growth 1. poor drought tolerance 2. Iron deficiency sensitive 3. range limited by cold tolerance. 4. stolon growth only
St. Augustinegrass
3 adv.
3 dis.
Stenotaphrum secundatum 1. adapted to alkaline, sandy soils 2. shade and salt tolerant 3. dark green color/dense sod w/ good appearance. 1.Coarse texture 2. cold and traffic wear sensitive 3. sensitive to many herbicides. pest problems. raleigh- shade/cold/chinchbug
Creeping Bentgrass-
Cool season grass, (C3) Stoloniferous fine textured year round green color, superior playing surface.
causes of bentgrass decline 6-
Heat mowing/scalping humidity shade salinity air circulation
Cool season vs. Warm season-
Air temps-
Soil temps-
Cool- 60-75 Warm- 80-95
Soil-50-65 75-85
Tall fescue-
advantages
Testuca arundinacea
- year round color w/ irrigation
- established by seed/ sod
- wear resistant
- Endophytic fungi for insect bio-control
- low fert req.
tall fescue disadvantages-
- summer irrigation needed.
- bunch type growth
- goes semi-dormant during summer
- brownpatch disease.
- white grub susceptible