test 1

Question 1

Anticholinergic effects

Answer 1

dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, photophobia, constipation, tachycardia

Question 2

akathisia

Answer 2

uncontrollable need to move

Question 3

parkinsonism

Answer 3

prob controlling movements, stiffness, partial paralysis

Question 4

agranulocytosis

Answer 4

severe deficit or lack of granulocytic WBCs (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils)

Question 5

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 5

hyperthermia, sweating, catatonia, rigidity, stupor, unstable BP, dyspnea and incontinence. treat with bromocriptine and dantrolene

Question 6

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 6

inable to perform voluntary movement

Question 7

extrapyramidal side effects

Answer 7

parkinsonism, dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, restlessness, agitation, seizures, dysrhythmias

Question 8

side effect of atypical antipsychotic

Answer 8

weight gain, anticholinergic effects, sedation and cardiac effects. low incidence of EPSEs.

Question 9

Akathisia

Answer 9

abnormal sensations- common assessment finding in dementia

Question 10

anomia

Answer 10

loss of person or object names -dementia assessment

Question 11

aphasia/ paraphasia

Answer 11

language impairment- production, comprehension or both- dementia assessment

Question 12

Ataxis/ataxia

Answer 12

poor muscle control or movement- dementia assessment

Question 13

Carphologia/floccillation

Answer 13

involuntary “picking” at bedding or clothing- dementia assessment

Question 14

Constructional difficulty

Answer 14

Difficulty in block assembly, drawing or copying 3 dimensional figures- dementia assessment

Question 15

Dysphagia

Answer 15

difficulty swallowing- dementia assessment

Question 16

Echolalia

Answer 16

involuntary repetition of words or sentences just spoken by another- dementia assessment

Question 17

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 17

loss ability to learn and recall new info- dementia assessment

Question 18

retrograde amnesia

Answer 18

impaired ability to retrieve info from the past- dementia assessment

Question 19

Stage 1 alzheimers

Answer 19

2-4 years, forgetful, restless, some disorientation but otherwise healthy and alert. utilize memories aids such as lists, alarm clocks, and calendars.

Question 20

stage 2 alzheimers (moderate)

Answer 20

2-12 yrs, more apparent memory probs, less spontaneous, confusion increases, changes in personality, coordination, visual-spatial perceptions, sundowning

Question 21

stage 3 alzheimers (severe)

Answer 21

increased dependence, loss of bowel and bladder control, communication and cognition, 24 hour care/ institutionalization

Question 22

negative delirium states

Answer 22

underreported- common in ICU. still, disengaged, nonverbal.

Question 23

Piagets sensori motor period

Answer 23

stage 1. coordination of sensory input and motor responses. development of object permanence

Question 24

piagets preoperational period

Answer 24

stage 2. Dev of symbolic thought marked by irreversibility, contraption and egocentrism

Question 25

piagets concrete operational period

Answer 25

mental operations applied to concrete events, mastery of conservatism, hierachical classifications

Question 26

piagets formal operations period

Answer 26

stage 4. Mental operations applied to abstract ideas, logical systematic thinking

Question 27

cognition assessments

Answer 27

CAM_ICU if pt is unable to speak, physical exam, diagnostic tests (blood analysis, drug screen, MRI, PET, CT) Mini mental exam

Question 28

attention and immediate recall

Answer 28

2 numbers slowly stated and pt to repeat them and then backwards, repeat up to 6 numbers. new numbers (same amt) when error made- stop test after 2 errors on the same number of digits

Question 29

attention and concentration

Answer 29

pt counts backwards from a hundred by subtracting 7 each time- if can’t try subtracting by 3

Question 30

short term memory

Answer 30

pt asked to repeat and remember 3 items and asked to repeat after 5 minutes of talking about something else- if can’t then can show pictures with objects in some of them and pt can chose

Question 31

long term memory Q

Answer 31

q about something pt has known for more than 24 hrs- example birthday or spouses name

Question 32

judgement

Answer 32

answer a hypothetical question: what do you do when a police car pulls up behind you with lights on

Question 33

cholinergic drugs

Answer 33

affect cognition (alzheimers and dementia) increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain- donepezil, rivastigmnine, galantamine

Question 34

CNS stimulants

Answer 34

affect cognition- stimulate the excitatory neurons in the brain (dopamine/ norepinephrine). amphetamines, sympathomimetics, xanthines

Question 35

CNS depressants

Answer 35

a sedative or hypnotic that slows the transmission of nerve impulses. Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam) or misc. hypnotics (eszopiclone/ luniest)