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U.S. History 2 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Robber Barons

A

American capitalist who acquired large amounts of wealth through ruthless, inappropriate (immoral) means

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2
Q

Captains of industry

A

business-leader who acquired large amounts of money, giving a large amount to the community to contribute positively to the country. (philanthropist

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3
Q

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A

Ship commodore – New York Central Railroad

~Made millions from steamboat business, and used the money to merge local railroads to the New York Central Railroad

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4
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

“Steel Giant”

~ American industrialist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry

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5
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

OIL… Trust-maker. Monopoly

~Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

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6
Q

John Pierpont Morgan

A

Bought Carnegie Steel Company… made millions off of it

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7
Q

Vertical Integration

A

“own a little of everything throughout the process, from the bottom up”

~Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution.

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8
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

“own just one part of the process”

~Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller

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9
Q

Trust

A

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors. A monopoly that controls goods and services, often in combinations that reduce competition.

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10
Q

“New South”

A

belief in the technologically advanced industrial South

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11
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

telephone and telegraph

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12
Q

Thomas Alva Edison

A

Light Bulb

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13
Q

Stalwarts

A

A part of the republican party favored high tariffs, hard money, and the spoils system (democrats)

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14
Q

Half-Breeds

A

Liked reform

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15
Q

Presidents 19-25

A
  1. Rutherford B. hayes
  2. James A. Garfield
  3. Chester A. Arthur
  4. Grover Cleveland
  5. Benjamin Harrison
  6. Grover Cleveland
  7. William McKinley
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16
Q

Pendleton Act

A

Made it so that a President / person in political office can NOT put his buddies in political positions. (Testing put in place)

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17
Q

Civil Service Commission

A

to select employees of federal government on merit rather than relationships.

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18
Q

Interstate Commerce Act

A

The first government attempt to regulate business. (1887) required railroads to charge fair rates and to publish those shipping rates.

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19
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

An 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States

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20
Q

McKinley Tariff

A

US Government’s Attempt of stopping all trade / business w foreign counrties.
~1890- Protective tariff which raised the tax on foreign products to a peacetime high of over 48%

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21
Q

Knights of Labor (KOL)

A

Secret Society in factory that led boycotts.

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22
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

A group that splintered off of the KOL. Led by Samuel Gompers.
~Acceptance of 8 hour work day

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23
Q

Samuel Gompers

A

Led and founded the American Federation of Labor

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24
Q

Haymarket Riot, Homestead Strike, and Pullman Strike

A

Labor unrests that left dozens of people dead or injured. All led to NO CHANGE!!

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25
Q

Eugene V. Debs

A

Leader of the Pullman Strike which consisted of the workers taking full freight train cars off of the tracks to stop supplements of those products across US. Becomes a MAJOR SOCIALIST after reading Carnegie’s book.

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26
Q

Injunction

A

judicial order forcing a person or group to refrain from doing something.

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27
Q

Socialism

A

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

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28
Q

Grange

A

An association formed by farmers to make life better for farmers by sharing information about crops, prices, and supplies

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29
Q

Populist Party

A

was a revolt by farmers in the South and Midwest against the Democratic and Republican Parties for ignoring their interests and difficulties.

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30
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

Democrat who runs for President multiple times, FAILS every single time.

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31
Q

Urbanization

A

The movement of people from farms to cities.

32
Q

New Immigration

A

US citizens were AFRAID that the immigrants would take their jobs. people came from other countries that normally didn’t come to America.

33
Q

Melting Pot

A

Diverse cultures would blend to get a unified nation

34
Q

“The Origin of Species”

A

Book written by Charles Darwin about evolution

35
Q

Social Darwinism

A

“Survival of the fittest”

~Only the RICH survive

36
Q

Reform Darwinism

A

the evolutionary process from the bottom up.

37
Q

Materialism

A

Desire wordly possessions in the belief that only that can bring you true happiness

38
Q

Dwight L. Moody

A

Preached in urban areas with his friends Ira Sankey

Revivalism. powerful speaker. Organization brought people to Christ. Moody Bible Institute

39
Q

Transcontinental railroad

A

A rail road that runs from the East Coast to the West Coast

40
Q

Union Pacific Central Pacific

A

The two railroads receive charters to build the First Continental railroad Union Pacific was to begin in Nebraska and build westward central Pacific was to begin in California and Bild eastward

41
Q

Pikes peak gold rush Camstock load

A

Mines that let people get rich quick

42
Q

Cowboys

A

Tough hard working ranch hands

43
Q

Cattle drive

A

Herding cattle to nearby markets

44
Q

Open ranges

A

Open land on fence that the Cowboys drove the cattle through

45
Q

Homestead act ….Oklahoma land rush

A

This act provided 160 acres of land to any settler who would live on the land for five years and improve it by building in farming this made the Oklahoma land rush where people rushed to Oklahoma to get this land

46
Q

Great plains

A

This is the region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains stretching north to south from Canada to southern Texas

47
Q

Dry farming and barbed wire

A

Dry farming is the cultivation of crops with the careful conservative of water
Barbed wire is to twisted strands of wire to keep cattle in

48
Q

The plain Indians

A

Cheyenne Comanche and Sioux

49
Q

Reservations

A

Special tracks of land set aside for the Indians where they can theoretically could live in peace

50
Q

George Armstrong Custer

A

Dashing self-centered rash army officer

51
Q

Custards last stand

A

Battle between the Americans and the Indians Custer and all of his men lost their lives

52
Q

Wounded knee massacre

A

25 soldiers and 150 and half of them are women and children all died because of that one guy

53
Q

A century of dishonor

A

The book written by Helen Hunt describing the government ruthless and dishonorable dealings with the Indians

54
Q

Dawes act

A

Allowed Indians to have land as long as it is only the family and not the entire tribe however this act broke down because the tribe wanted their unity

55
Q

Maximilian 1

A

Puppet emperor Nobleman been put there by Neapolitan the third

56
Q

Commerce Raiders

A

Warships owned and commanded by the Confederates but

built in British ship yards

57
Q

Treaty of Washington

A

Settled the matters by setting up international tribunals to deal with the three questions

58
Q

Matthew Perry the treaty of kanagawa

A

Perry ascended the Japanese by making them sign the agreement of trade but it worked it was the first step in opening Japan to Western influences and molding that island into a major economic and military power

59
Q

Pan Americanism

A

Unity among the nations in the Western Hemisphere it failed

60
Q

Open door policy

A

All nations trading in China and trading with one another freely

61
Q

Imperialism

A

The extension of power by one people over another country or region

62
Q

Purchase of Alaska

A

Called seawards folly it was a great investment because of all of the oil and gold

63
Q

Faith missions

A

Have no guaranteed income

64
Q

Yellow journalism

A

Dirty and made up stories in the news paper

65
Q

De lone letter

A

A letter and proceeded by the Americans in the Spanish in Bassett or talk bad about the President McKinley

66
Q

The battleship Maine

A

Sought to be blown up by the Cubans brought us to war but the boiler just blew up

67
Q

Spanish-American war 1898

A

America demanded Spain’s with drawl from Cuba and authorized the president to use force if necessary to establish Cuba’s independence Spain refused and we went to war

68
Q

George Dewey …

Manila bay

A

Commander of the American fleet in the Spanish American war

69
Q

Rough Riders

A

Volunteer American citizens during the Spanish-American war soldiers

70
Q

Battle of Sanatoga bay

A

Same thing as the other bay the American free crushed the Spanish

71
Q

Emilio aguinaldo

A

A revolutionary who aided the United States against Spanish wanted to overthrow America to establish Philippine independence

72
Q

The four main reasons for the rise of industrialization in the US

A
  1. Population growth the baby boom and immigration
  2. Innovations new machines and methods
  3. A sympathetic government made it easier to run a company
  4. New sources of power electricity cole before it was just water and manpower
73
Q

The three main goals of American foreign-policy

A

Monroe doctrine
economic
expansion

74
Q

What was the impact of the new innovations and ideas?

A

They had new machines in the factories like the railroad to help move things faster

75
Q

What were the three main goals of American foreign-policy

A

Monroe doctrine: don’t come here we won’t go there
Economic expansion: open door policy with China the deal with Japan and pan americanism
Territorial expansion: Hawaii and Alaska

U.S. History 2 (8 decks)

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