Test #1 Flashcards
Robber Barons
American capitalist who acquired large amounts of wealth through ruthless, inappropriate (immoral) means
Captains of industry
business-leader who acquired large amounts of money, giving a large amount to the community to contribute positively to the country. (philanthropist
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Ship commodore – New York Central Railroad
~Made millions from steamboat business, and used the money to merge local railroads to the New York Central Railroad
Andrew Carnegie
“Steel Giant”
~ American industrialist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry
John D. Rockefeller
OIL… Trust-maker. Monopoly
~Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
John Pierpont Morgan
Bought Carnegie Steel Company… made millions off of it
Vertical Integration
“own a little of everything throughout the process, from the bottom up”
~Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution.
Horizontal Integration
“own just one part of the process”
~Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller
Trust
A group of corporations run by a single board of directors. A monopoly that controls goods and services, often in combinations that reduce competition.
“New South”
belief in the technologically advanced industrial South
Alexander Graham Bell
telephone and telegraph
Thomas Alva Edison
Light Bulb
Stalwarts
A part of the republican party favored high tariffs, hard money, and the spoils system (democrats)
Half-Breeds
Liked reform
Presidents 19-25
- Rutherford B. hayes
- James A. Garfield
- Chester A. Arthur
- Grover Cleveland
- Benjamin Harrison
- Grover Cleveland
- William McKinley
Pendleton Act
Made it so that a President / person in political office can NOT put his buddies in political positions. (Testing put in place)
Civil Service Commission
to select employees of federal government on merit rather than relationships.
Interstate Commerce Act
The first government attempt to regulate business. (1887) required railroads to charge fair rates and to publish those shipping rates.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
An 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States
McKinley Tariff
US Government’s Attempt of stopping all trade / business w foreign counrties.
~1890- Protective tariff which raised the tax on foreign products to a peacetime high of over 48%
Knights of Labor (KOL)
Secret Society in factory that led boycotts.
American Federation of Labor
A group that splintered off of the KOL. Led by Samuel Gompers.
~Acceptance of 8 hour work day
Samuel Gompers
Led and founded the American Federation of Labor
Haymarket Riot, Homestead Strike, and Pullman Strike
Labor unrests that left dozens of people dead or injured. All led to NO CHANGE!!
Eugene V. Debs
Leader of the Pullman Strike which consisted of the workers taking full freight train cars off of the tracks to stop supplements of those products across US. Becomes a MAJOR SOCIALIST after reading Carnegie’s book.
Injunction
judicial order forcing a person or group to refrain from doing something.
Socialism
A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.
Grange
An association formed by farmers to make life better for farmers by sharing information about crops, prices, and supplies
Populist Party
was a revolt by farmers in the South and Midwest against the Democratic and Republican Parties for ignoring their interests and difficulties.
William Jennings Bryan
Democrat who runs for President multiple times, FAILS every single time.
Urbanization
The movement of people from farms to cities.
New Immigration
US citizens were AFRAID that the immigrants would take their jobs. people came from other countries that normally didn’t come to America.
Melting Pot
Diverse cultures would blend to get a unified nation
“The Origin of Species”
Book written by Charles Darwin about evolution
Social Darwinism
“Survival of the fittest”
~Only the RICH survive
Reform Darwinism
the evolutionary process from the bottom up.
Materialism
Desire wordly possessions in the belief that only that can bring you true happiness
Dwight L. Moody
Preached in urban areas with his friends Ira Sankey
Revivalism. powerful speaker. Organization brought people to Christ. Moody Bible Institute
Transcontinental railroad
A rail road that runs from the East Coast to the West Coast
Union Pacific Central Pacific
The two railroads receive charters to build the First Continental railroad Union Pacific was to begin in Nebraska and build westward central Pacific was to begin in California and Bild eastward
Pikes peak gold rush Camstock load
Mines that let people get rich quick
Cowboys
Tough hard working ranch hands
Cattle drive
Herding cattle to nearby markets
Open ranges
Open land on fence that the Cowboys drove the cattle through
Homestead act ….Oklahoma land rush
This act provided 160 acres of land to any settler who would live on the land for five years and improve it by building in farming this made the Oklahoma land rush where people rushed to Oklahoma to get this land
Great plains
This is the region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains stretching north to south from Canada to southern Texas
Dry farming and barbed wire
Dry farming is the cultivation of crops with the careful conservative of water
Barbed wire is to twisted strands of wire to keep cattle in
The plain Indians
Cheyenne Comanche and Sioux
Reservations
Special tracks of land set aside for the Indians where they can theoretically could live in peace
George Armstrong Custer
Dashing self-centered rash army officer
Custards last stand
Battle between the Americans and the Indians Custer and all of his men lost their lives
Wounded knee massacre
25 soldiers and 150 and half of them are women and children all died because of that one guy
A century of dishonor
The book written by Helen Hunt describing the government ruthless and dishonorable dealings with the Indians
Dawes act
Allowed Indians to have land as long as it is only the family and not the entire tribe however this act broke down because the tribe wanted their unity
Maximilian 1
Puppet emperor Nobleman been put there by Neapolitan the third
Commerce Raiders
Warships owned and commanded by the Confederates but
built in British ship yards
Treaty of Washington
Settled the matters by setting up international tribunals to deal with the three questions
Matthew Perry the treaty of kanagawa
Perry ascended the Japanese by making them sign the agreement of trade but it worked it was the first step in opening Japan to Western influences and molding that island into a major economic and military power
Pan Americanism
Unity among the nations in the Western Hemisphere it failed
Open door policy
All nations trading in China and trading with one another freely
Imperialism
The extension of power by one people over another country or region
Purchase of Alaska
Called seawards folly it was a great investment because of all of the oil and gold
Faith missions
Have no guaranteed income
Yellow journalism
Dirty and made up stories in the news paper
De lone letter
A letter and proceeded by the Americans in the Spanish in Bassett or talk bad about the President McKinley
The battleship Maine
Sought to be blown up by the Cubans brought us to war but the boiler just blew up
Spanish-American war 1898
America demanded Spain’s with drawl from Cuba and authorized the president to use force if necessary to establish Cuba’s independence Spain refused and we went to war
George Dewey …
Manila bay
Commander of the American fleet in the Spanish American war
Rough Riders
Volunteer American citizens during the Spanish-American war soldiers
Battle of Sanatoga bay
Same thing as the other bay the American free crushed the Spanish
Emilio aguinaldo
A revolutionary who aided the United States against Spanish wanted to overthrow America to establish Philippine independence
The four main reasons for the rise of industrialization in the US
- Population growth the baby boom and immigration
- Innovations new machines and methods
- A sympathetic government made it easier to run a company
- New sources of power electricity cole before it was just water and manpower
The three main goals of American foreign-policy
Monroe doctrine
economic
expansion
What was the impact of the new innovations and ideas?
They had new machines in the factories like the railroad to help move things faster
What were the three main goals of American foreign-policy
Monroe doctrine: don’t come here we won’t go there
Economic expansion: open door policy with China the deal with Japan and pan americanism
Territorial expansion: Hawaii and Alaska
