test 1 Flashcards
which of the following is major target organ for the toxic effects of chemicals? A. Brain B. Kidney C bone marrow D. Liver
D liver
The amount of a substance that is required to produce the desired/ beneficial effect is know as the : A. exposure dose B. toxic dose C therapeutic dose D. absorbed dose
C therapeutic dose
Which of the following is correct regarding fractionating a total dose ?
A. Intenisy of toxic effects will decrease
B. Intensity of the therapeutic effect will decrease
C. Intensity of side- effects will increase
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B, and C above are correct
A. intensity of toxic effects will decrease A. intensity of toxic effects will decrease
B. Intensi
which of the following is not correct regarding knowledge of the Dose- Response relationship for a chemical
A. the threshold doses for each the chemical’s effects can be determined
B. the rate of buildup of the effects with increasing doses can be determined
C. the degree of metabolism and storage of the chemical in the body can be determined
D. The therapeutic index can be determined
C. the degree of metabolism and storage of the chemical in the body can be determined
The Therapeutic Index for a medication is determined by which of the following ratios A. LD50/ED50 B. LD1/ED99 C. ED99/LD1 D. ED50/LD50
A. LD50/ED50
The therapeutic index for a chemical that is considered to have a wide margin of safety will be:
A. less than 1
B. = 1
C. Between 1 and 10
D. greater than 10
Which of the following factors is the Most important determinant of the intensity of toxic effects ?
A. Target site concentration of the chemical
B. Gender of the individual exposed to the chemical
C. age of the individual exposed to the chemical
D. body weight of the individual exposed to the chemical
A. Target site of concentration of the chemical
The unintentional route of exposure to chemicals that produces the fastest effects is which of the following
A. gastrointestinal exposure
B. dermal exposure
C. Inhalation exposure
C. Inhalation
Poisoning with carbon monoxide is characterized by which of the following lab parameters ? A. elevated carbaminohemoglobin B. elevated carboxyhemoglobin c. elevated methemoglobin d. elevated oxyhemoglobin
B. elevated carboxyhemoglobin
Which of the following categories includes chemicals that will not cause toxicity effects at any dose level? A. prescription meds B. Non- prescription meds C. vitamins D. health supplements E. non of the above
E none of the above
The undesired effects that are produced when the dose of a medication is within the recommend dose range are referred as \_\_\_\_\_\_ A. lethal effects B. Toxic effects C. Side effects D. Therapeutic effects
C side effects
in general, the ability of any chemical to produce systemic toxic effects is primarily dependent upon which of the following factors ?
A. Amount of detoxification enzymes in the liver
B. thickness of stratum corneum
C. concentration of free chemical in plasma
D. volume of urine output over 24 hours
C . Concentration of free chemical in plasma
A dose 4 mg of an insecticide causes 20% toxicity whereas the same dose of another insecticide produces 30% toxicity. If 8 mg of a formulation containing equal concentrations of the two insecticides causes 50% toxicity the interaction is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A. additivity B. antagonism C. Synergism D.. Potentiation
A. additivity
The use of beta blockers to manage hypertension is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_ antagonism A. physiological B. Chemical C. dispositonal D. receptor
D. receptor
The use of epinephrine to reverse the effects of histamine- induced signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_ antagonism A. physiological B. chemical C. dispositional D. receptor
D receptor
