Midterm 1

Question 1

Explain what DDT is

Answer 1

it was a repellent for mosquitos that has been banned since the 70’s … they can still be in fruit cause of the half -life of DDT

Question 2

T/F

Natural supplements are considered safe to take versus prescriptions that were made in a lab

Answer 2

false

just because its natural doesn’t mean it is safe

Question 3

What was know as the first ACE inhibitor

Answer 3

capetol

Question 4

explain why the BBB is not permeable to chemicals

Answer 4

• the BBB has cerebral capillaries that consist of tight junctions… these tight junctions give chemicals a hard time getting in due to lack of capillary pores in the cerebral capillaries due to the tight junctions

Question 5

According to the BBB protecting from chemical toxicity, then why can children become more toxic?

Answer 5

• children has no tight junctions to protect from chemicals to prevent from passing through
• the liver has not fully developed

Question 6

Why does lead toxicity only occur in children ? and what can it cause?

Answer 6

• leads to mental retardation- destroys schwann cells

- doesn’t occur in adults due to developed BBB-

Question 7

What factor determines the toxicity?

Answer 7

Dose

Question 8

_________ reduces toxicological effect

Answer 8

Anatagonism

Question 9

explain what gluthione and its significance is

Answer 9

• antioxidant, removes free- radicals

Question 10

T/F Tyelenol use can lead to kidney damage with short term use

Answer 10

false

• liver damage =acute
• kidney damage= chronic

Question 11

_____ is the combination of two or more chemicals is the sum of expected individual responses

Answer 11

• Additivity

Question 12

______ exposure to one chemical results in reduction in the effect of the other chemical

Answer 12

• Antagonism

Question 13

______ is exposure to one chemical results in the other chemical producing an effect greater than if given alone

Answer 13

• Potentiation

Question 14

________ exposure to one chemical causes a dramatic increase in the effect of another chemical

Answer 14

Synergism

Question 15

______ determined that specific chemicals were responsible for toxicity of plant or animal poison and the response depended on the dose

Answer 15

• Paracelsus

Question 16

” Founder of Toxicology”

Answer 16

Orfilia

Question 17

Explain xenobiotic

Answer 17

• substance taken in body that key be beneficial or harmful

Question 18

_____is substances that produce adverse biological effects of any nature

Answer 18

toxicants

Question 19

______ specific proteins produced by living organisms

Answer 19

toxins

Question 20

_____ toxicants cause immediate death

Answer 20

Poisons

Question 21

_________ is the amount of xenobiotic encountered in the environment

Answer 21

exposure date

Question 22

________ actual amount of exposed dose that enters the body

Answer 22

absorbed dose

Question 23

_________ quantity administered usually orally or by injection

Answer 23

adminsitered dose

Question 24

_____ sum of individual doses

Answer 24

total dose

Question 25

point at which toxicity first appears is know as ______

Answer 25

threshold

Question 26

what are two types of metabolism

Answer 26

1. detoxifaction

2. bioactivation

Question 27

T/F

Bioactivation converts lipid-soluble compunds to polar compounds

Answer 27

False

that is detoxification

Question 28

_____ is xenobiotic converted to more reactive or toxic forms

Answer 28

Bioactiviation

Question 29

what is the major determinant of whether or not the toxicant will cause damage

Answer 29

lipid solubility