Test 1 Flashcards
What is a cardiovascular risk factor?
Association between factor and disease, consistent risk across ages/genders/races, makes biological sense, treatment favorably changes risk, makes an independent contribution
what are some modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
blood pressure, obesity, smoking, drug use, lack of physical activity
what are some unmodifiable risk factors?
age, gender, family history, ethnic origin
what type of food has been increasingly consumed leading to increases in a variety of diseases
saturated fat and processed carbs
how many kCal does a pound equal
3500kcal
when BMI is overweight waist circumference can be used to determine:
if extra weight is from muscle or fat
pre-hypertensive
120-139/80-89
hypertensive stage 1
140-159/90-99
hypertensive stage 2
> 160/>100
lipid molecules are _______ in water, must be packaged in lipoproteins for transport in blood
insoluble
total cholesterol over _____ increases risk of _______
200, myocardial infarction
the leading cause of death in the US is:
heart disease
T/F: physical activity can decrease the risk of stroke
false
How many minutes a day of PA is needed to prevent weight regain?
60-90
How many minutes a day of PA is needed to prevent overweight to obese?
45-60
how much PA doe healthy adults need?
moderate intensity 30 minutes a day for 5 days a week
physical activity
any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure
physical fitness
physical activity required to improve physical fitness, structured exercise
what is the equation for calculation max heart rate?
208-(.7*age)
what is pulse pressure?
systolic minus diastolic, the difference between systolic and diastolic
what is map and how is it calculated
mean arterial pressure is the average pressure in the arteries. =diastolic +.33*pulse pressure
what is the average amount of breaths taken per minute for an adult?
12-20
What vitals are unacceptable for starting exercise?
HR >120,200,110
O2 Sat
what causes greater off loading of oxygen from hemoglobin?
increased CO2, increased temp, decreased pH
What causes the lactate threshold
low blood O2 content, low blood flow to skeletal muscle, changes in pH, imbalance rate of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration
what biochemical changes occur with an increase in V02 max?
increases in mitochondria, capacity to oxidize pyruvate, enzymes of the ETC
training _______ cortisol levels
reduces
epinephrine and norepinephrine effects on FFA levels
increase utilization of FFA and block entry of glucose into cells to increase
cortisol levels promote the use of ______ for fuel
fat, cortisol inhibits the uptake of glucose by the cells by blocking the GLUT4 receptors.
