Test 1

Question 1

cardiovascular drugs (8)

Answer 1

1. inotropes
2. beta blockers
3. ace inhibitors
4. ARBs
5. calcium channel blockers
6. sympathomimetics/vasopressors
7. nitrates/vasodilators
8. antidysrhytmics

Question 2

inotropes

Answer 2

digoxin (Lanoxin)

increase contractility thus increase CO

very narrow therapeutic levels (0.5-2)

elimination half-life too long

Question 3

beta blockers

Answer 3

propanolol (Inderal)

carvedilol (Coreg)

atenolol (Tenormin)

metoprolol (Lopressor)

decrease HR, bronchodilator

for: HTN

nonselective vs. selective

Question 4

ACE inhibitors

Answer 4

lisinopril (Prinivil)

captopril (Capoten)

supress RAAS

for: CHF, HTN

S/E: dry cough

monitor K, avoid Na subs (kayexalate)

BBW: pregnancy X

Question 5

ARBs

angiotensin receptor blockers

Answer 5

losartan (Cozaar)

valsartan (Diovan)

for: CHF, HTN, post MI

monitor K, avoid Na sub (kayexalate)

BBW: pregnancy x

Question 6

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 6

nicardipine (Cardene)

amlodipine (Norvasc)

diltiazem (Cardizem)

for: angina, HTN

decreases Ca within heart cells thus dilating coronary + peripheral + cerebral vessels

(heart does not have to work so hard)

Question 7

sympathomimetics

vasopressors

Answer 7

epinephrine (Epi)

norepi (Levophed)

intropin (Dopamine)

dobutamine (Dobutrez)

vasopressin (Pitressin)

vasoconstrictors thus increasing BP and SVR

for: rev the heart, hypoTN, bradycardia

Question 8

nitrates

vasodilators

Answer 8

nitroglycerin (NTG, Nitrostat)

decreases pre and afterload

Question 9

antidysrhythmics

Answer 9

amiodarone (Cordarone)

xylocaine (Lidocaine)

prevent abrnomal cardiac rhythms

Question 10

electrolytes

K

Mg

Ca

Answer 10

K 3.5-5

Na-K exchange

Mg 1.5-2

nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction, normal cardiac rhythm

Ca 9-11

vascular tone, myocardial contractility, cardiac excitability

Question 11

narcotics

Question 12

anti-anxiety

sedative

Answer 12

midazolam (Versed)

lorazepam (Ativan)

Question 13

anti-coagulant

anti-platelet

anti-thrombotics

Answer 13

heparin

enoxaparin (Lovenox)

clopidogrel (Plavix)

warfarin (Coumadin)

novel: $$$ no PTT/INR/PT, but no antidote

dabigatran (Pradaxa)

rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Question 14

thrombolytics

fibrinolytics

Question 15

anesthesia

Answer 15

propofol (Diprivan)

dexmedatomidine (Precedex)

Question 16

CO

Question 17

SV

Question 18

EF

Question 19

MAP

Question 20

SVR

PVR

Answer 20

left ventricle 800-1200

right ventricle 100-250