Test 1 Flashcards
Who published multiple volumes on Studies in the Psychology of Sex?
Henry Havelock Ellis
What percentage of Americans favor the teaching of sex ed in high schools, including a discussion of birth control?
80%
Which country has the highest rate of teen pregnancy?
USA
The idea that the primary purpose of sex is procreation originally came from
the biblical Jews
Who thought that a celibate lifestyle was superior to marriage?
St. Paul
This man was the first to equate sex with guilt, because he linked sex with the downfall of Adam and Eve.
St. Augustine
The belief that sex should not be pleasurable, and should be done only for procreation originally came from
the early Christians
The belief that women were asexual can be traced most clearly to
the Victorian era
The Victorian era’s views about sexuality were even more negative than earlier Christian views because of
the mistaken medical beliefs of that era
A questionnaire conducted by Dr. Clelia Mosher in 1892 revealed that most married Victorian women
desired and enjoyed sex
____ was a Victorian-era physician who emphasized the sexuality of all human beings.
Sigmund Freud
The ____, according to Freud, was sexual energy channeled into different areas of the body at different ages.
libido
Doctors during the Victorian era would most likely say that wet dreams are caused by
a disease
Henry Havelock Ellis believed that
-Sex is not harmful to mental/physical health
-Women are not asexual
Masturbation/homosexuality are normal
Alfred Kinsey’s surveys about sexual behavior found that
- most people masturbated
- many engaged in oral/genital sex
- women could have multiple orgasms
- many men had had a homosexual experience
Research by Masters and Johnson recorded info by _____, this lead to their nickname ____.
- watching people have sex in a lab
- “scientific peeping Toms”
A random sample is one in which observations are drawn so that
each possible sample of that size has an equal chance of being selected
Some people refuse to answer questions dealing with their sexual beliefs or behaviors. This creates a problem of
volunteer bias
____ measures the degree of relationship between two variables.
Correlation
The method of study used by Masters and Johnson and most anthropologists is called
direct observation
If, in a case study, a therapist’s conclusions are influenced by his or her own values, this is called
observer bias
The scientific method used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships is called
experimental research
The National Institutes of Health’s consensus Panel on AIDS concluded that ____ programs are most effective in preventing teen pregnancies and STDs.
Abstinence-plus
What produces most of the fluid in semen?
prostate gland and seminal vesicles
The uterus opens into the vagina through the
cervix
A fertilized egg normally implants in the ____ of the uterus.
endometrium
The ____ are two folds of skin that extend from the mons to the perineum and which become covered with hair at puberty.
labia majora
Sperm can be produced only at a temperature that is ____.
lower than normal body temp
The walls of the inner two thirds of the vagina are
relatively insensitive to touch
The smooth rounded end of the penis is called the
glans
Breast size is determined by
the amount of fatty tissue
Cancer of the ____ is the most common nonskin type of cancer in men.
prostate
What is NOT part of the vulva?
cervix
The fluid that appears at the tip of the penis prior to orgasm is produced by the
Cowper’s gland
Each egg is contained within a thin capsule to form a
follicle
In women, the organ most similar to the penis in structure is the
clitoris
The shaft of the penis is made up of
parallel cylinders of spongy tissue
The best time for women to examine themselves for breast cancer is
after menstruation
A musky smell from the vagina is an indication of
a normal, healthy vagina
The ____ are located at the base of the labia minora and contribute a few drops of fluid to the inner surfaces during sexual arousal.
Bartholin’s glands
In which part of the male duct system do sperm get mixed with fluids to form semen?
ejaculatory ducts
The clitoral hood is formed by the joining of the
labia minora
The ____ has a reproductive function and also a urinary function.
penis
In women, the urethral opening is located between the
clitoris and vaginal opening
What is true about a woman’s breasts?
size
breast size in unrelated to sensitivity or sexual responsiveness
The are between the two labia minora is called the
vestibular area
What develops from the same embryonic tissue as the testicles?
the ovaries
A Pap smear is used to detect
cancer of the cervix
The penis becomes erect during sex because of
blood filling it
What is the order in which sperm travels from the seminiferous tubules during ejaculation?
epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra
A man should test himself for testicular cancer after
a warm bath or shower
Other than skin cancer, the most common type of cancer in women is
breast cancer
In women, the soft layer of fatty tissue overlaying the area where the pubic bones come together is called the
mons veneris
To find breast tumors that are too small to be felt by hand, women should have
mammograms
T or F
Almost all women have the Grafenberg spot (G spot)
FALSE
The external sac in men that contains the testicles is the
scrotum
What is the path that an ovum takes out of a women’s body if it is not fertilized?
ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina
The external female genitalia are collectively known as the
vulva
The elongated folds of skin that cover the vaginal and urethral openings are called the
labia
Sperm are produced in the
seminiferous tubules
If an egg and sperm unite, it usually occurs in the
fallopian tubes
The testicles develop from the same embryonic tissue as the
ovaries
In men, FSH production is inhibited by increases in blood levels of
inhibin
The average length of a woman’s menstrual cycle is
28 days
Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are secreted by the
pituitary gland
The rupturing of the follicle and the release of the mature egg into the abdominal cavity is called
ovulation
The hormone that stimulates production of sperm and maturation of ova is
follicle-stimulating hormone
Recent studies indicate that PMS is due in part to
an interaction of ovarian hormones with serotonin
Which hormone stimulates the testicles to produce male hormones?
luteinizing hormone
Which hormone triggers ovulation?
luteinizing hormone
When women who live together have the same menstrual cycle, this is due to
pheromones
A woman’s menstrual cycle begins with the release of
follicle-stimulating hormone
What is the sequence for Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle?
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
____ refers to tissues becoming filled with blood.
vasocongestion
When sexually aroused, the first physiological responses are
vasocongestion, leading to erection in men and vaginal lubrication in women
What occurs in men during the excitement phase?
the testicles are elevated toward the body
The most important hormone for sexual desire in women appears to be
testosterone
The network of ductless glands in our bodies is called the
endocrine system
In the ____ phase of the menstrual cycle, the cells of the corpus luteum begin to secrete high levels of progesterone
postovulatory
Masters and Johnson observed that when men and women are sexually stimulated, physiologically women respond ____ as men.
as fast
Some women emit a fluid during orgasm. The fluid comes from the
urethra
The essence of orgasm lies in the
brain
Most substances that have a reputation for enhancing sexual desire or performance work because
of heightened expectations and the social situation
The clear fluid that often appears at the tip of the penis before orgasm is produced by the
Cowper’s glands
According to Rosemary Basson’s model, many women do not separate
desire from arousal
According to Rosemary Basson, women’s sexual desire is
motivated by relationship and intimacy needs
The “sex-tension flush” occurs in
a majority of women and in about one-fourth of men
Women can experience how many orgasm types?
two or more
Alcohol impairs sexual performance by depressing the ____.
central nervous system
AIDS is caused by
HIV
The main symptom of the secondary stage of syphilis is
measles like a rash
AIDS tests are looking for
antibodies to HIV
This STI can cause cancer
HPV infection
Which infection is most easily passed on to the fetus during pregnancy?
syphilis
Syphilis has ____ stages of infection.
4
The two major causes of pelvic inflammatory disease are
gonorrhea and chlamydia
____ is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the USA today.
HPI
Pubic lice, scabies, and pinworms are all
parasites
Painful sores are the main symptom for which STI?
chancroid
Itching and burning in the vaginal area due to overgrowth of yeast is an indication of
moniliasis
If not treated, gonorrhea frequently causes
permanent scarring of the reproductive system
There is no cure for what disease?
herpes
Sexually transmitted infections are caused by
bacteria and viruses
The most common type of birth control used worldwide is
sterilization
The chances of having a sterilization successfully reversed (leading to conception) is
low to moderate
A diaphragm works as BC by
not allowing sperm to enter the uterus
Spermicides work as a contraception by
killing sperm
Standard Days Method is only for women whose cycles do not vary by more than __ days
6
The most common BC form for women in the USA is
the pill
The most common type of BC pill contains
estrogen and progesterone
The basal body temp method is based on the fact that
women’s resting temp rises at ovulation
An egg can only be fertilized during
the first 24 hours after ovulation
A weight gain of ___ to ___ lbs is recommended during pregnancy.
25-35
What is the sequence that follows the fertilization of an egg?
zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryo, fetus
Substances that can harm an embryo or fetus are called
teratogens
A disease of pregnancy characterized by protein in urine, high blood pressure, weight gain, and swollen joints is called
preeclampsia
When a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, it is called an ___ pregnancy.
ectopic
The leading cause of infant mortality in the USA is due to
preterm birth
Infertility problems affect about ____ of couples of reproductive age.
12%
Most physicians believe that sex during pregnancy is
usually safe during the first 8 months
While sperm are in the female reproductive tract, they undergo a process called __________ that enables them to penetrate the egg’s surface.
capacitation
The round mass of cells that attaches to the endometrium is called the
blastocyst
The female condom is actually an ____ pouch.
intravaginal
As a result of voluntary BC, the pop of the USA has
stabilized,with only a moderate increase due to immigration
