Final Flashcards
Fisher and Fisher 1992
“Knowing about condoms will not do you any good unless you are motivated to use them and feel positive about them in your own sex life”
Health Belief Model
most widely used conceptual framework/theory in health behavior; emphasizes the role of cognition
Factors of Health Belief Model
perceive a health threat; perceive benefits to taking health action; there are few barriers to taking health action; feel able to be successful in taking that health action
Perceived suspectibility to the health threat
“I am likely to get HIV if I don’t use a condom”
Perceived severity of the health threat
“If I got HIV, it would be very bad”
Perceived benefits to taking health action
“If I use a condom, my partner will be more likely to have sex with me”
There are few barriers to taking health action
“I would use a condom, but they are too expensive”
Able to be successful in taking that health action
“I’m pretty smooth applying condoms”
Modifying factors of Health Behavior Model
age, gender, ethnicity, personality, SES, knowledge
Theory of Planned Behavior
links beliefs and behavior
TPB- Intention
an indication of a person’s readiness to perform a given behavior and is considered to be the immediate antecedent of behavior
TPB- Attitude
attitude toward a behavior is the degree to which performance of the behavior is positively or negatively valued
TPB- Subjective norm
the perceived social pressure to engage or not to engage in a behavior
TPB- Perceived behavioral control
belief in oneself
TPB- Behavioral belief
subjective probability that the behavior will produce a given outcome
TPB- Normative beliefs
perceived behavioral expectations of such important referent individuals or groups as the person’s spouse, family, friends
TPB- Control beliefs
perceived presence of factors that my facilitate or impede performance
Social Cognitive Theory
people learn by watching others
Locus of control
Does the person think they are in control of their life/ behavior, or do they think external forces (god, fate) control this?
Reinforcements
can increase probability that health behaviors will be taken in the future
SCT- Interactive process
reciprocal determinism category
SCT- Individual/Internal
belief in self, behavioral capability, expectancy values, locus of control, emotional coping category
SCT- Environmental
observational learning, reinforcements
2 factors in Health Belief Model for someone to experience a sense of health threat
susceptibility; severity
SCT’s most important construct
self-efficacy (belief in oneself)
hypocrisy
dissonance paradigms for increasing sexual health behavior rely on inducing feelings of this in participants
3 theories of motivation
sexual strategies theory; attachment; terror management theory
Intrasexual competition
competition within a sex for access to partners
Intersexual selection
choosing who to mate with
Sexual strategies theory
suggest that women and men have evolved both short and long term strategies; diff adaptive problems must be solved by men and women, for short vs long term; men prefer short term strategies more than women
Clarke and Hatfield study
male and female research assistance approach members of opposite sex and ask if they would like to have casual sex with them
Clarke and Hatfield study results for men and women
Men- many males accepted
Women- not a single female accepted
Avoidant attachment
positive model of self; negative model of other
-doesn’t trust others
Anxious attachment
negative model of self; positive model of other
-Often question themselves
Secure attachment
positive model of self; positive model of other
Sexual motives for anxious and avoidant and secure
Anxious- sex to feel emotional connection and reassurance they are loved
Avoidant- social status/esteem
Secure- sex to feel pleasure and closeness
Worldview defense
how you want to leave your mark on the world; how people ought to be; do your part
Worldview defense and sex
involve mental efforts to justify traditional roles for men and women during sex and other dominant sexual practices; derogate others who do not conform
Self-esteem, according to terror management theory, is conceptualized as a form of ____.
symbolic immortality
The attachment perspective promotes the importance of ____ and ____ motives.
relational and existential
