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Oral Pathology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate (cause, prevalence):

A

Failure of processes to merge. Prevelance: Native American, Asian, White, Black.
Lateral: Maxillary and Mandibular.
Oblique: Lateral nasal process and Maxillary.
Cleft Lip: Maxillary and medial nasal.
Median Cleft: Two medial nasal processes.
CP= failure of palatal shelves to fuse (bifid uvula is minimum manifestation) if syndromic its CP only, if nonsyndomic (more common) its CP and CL.
Submucosal cleft= palate shelves get close enough that the mucosa cover it but bones aren’t fused.

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2
Q

Peirre Robin Sequence

A

CP, Mandibular Micrognathia, glossoptosis

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3
Q

Commissural lip pits

A

Corners of the mouth, on vermillion border

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4
Q

Paramedian lip pits

A

Symmetrical just off center pits on the lower lip. Van der woude

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5
Q

Ascher syndrome

A

Double lip, blepharochalasis, nontoxic thyroid enlargement

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6
Q

Fordyce granules

A

ectopic sebaceous glands. Raised yellow papules

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7
Q

Leukoedema

A

White appearance on buccal mucosa, disappears when stretched and comes back when released

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8
Q

Macroglossia

A

big tongue, beckwidth-weiddermans syndrome. Caused by 1) muscular hypertrophy 2) vascular malformations 3) other (lymphangioma, downs syndrome ect)

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9
Q

Lingual Thyroid

A

big thyroid in back of throat. Between foramen cecum and epiglottis. Has difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) talking (dysphonia) breathing (dyspnea). Dx by iodine/technetium-99/ct/mri

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10
Q

Geographic tongue:

A

PMN swelling on tongue. White/yellow serpentine lines that move around. Erythema migrans when not on tongue

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11
Q

Fissured tongue

A

AKA scrotal tongue. Deep fissured tongue. Pts complain of bad breath, burning, and bad taste

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12
Q

Coronoid hyperplasia

A

Overgrowth of coronoid. Deviates to ipsilateral side. Typically only during open

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13
Q

Condylar hyperplasia

A

Overgrowth of the condylar process. Deviates to contralateral side. Even at rest

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14
Q

Stafne defect

A

Saliva gland gets in mandible formation, radiopacity below the mandibular canal “lingual mandibular salivary gland depression” submandibular gland (mostly serous with some mucins)

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15
Q

Cyst

A

pathologic cavity lined by epithelium. Typically fluid filled and continue to grow bc of hydrostatic pressure

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16
Q

Globulomaxillary radiolucencies

A

radiolucency in the anterior maxilla. Commonly is radicular cyst or periapical granuloma. Usually in the lateral incisor area.

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17
Q

Nasopalatine duct cyst

A

incisive canal cyst” cyst below the incisive papilla. Duct should be less than 6 mm wide.

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18
Q

Dermoid cyst

A

has dermis structures in the lining (hair, and sebaceous glands)

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19
Q

Lymphoepithelial cyst

A

FOM (most common), ventral tongue, soft palate. waldeyers ring (palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, pharyngeal adenoids) White/yellow asymptomatic mass less than 1 cm. has lymph tissue in it.

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20
Q

Progressive hemifacial atrophy

A

atrophy on one side of the face. Possible hx of trauma. Lyme disease can be a big cause. Look at tongue

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21
Q

Apert syndrome

A

downward slant of lateral palpebral fissures. Mouth is trapezoid shape. 75% have cleft soft palates or bifid uvula. Syndactyly (malformation of limbs)

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22
Q

Mandibulofacial dysostosis/treacher-collins syndrome

A

defects of 1 and 2 branchial arches. Coloboma (notch on outer portion of eyelid) hypoplastyic zygomatic arch. micrognathia

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23
Q

Turner’s hyperplasia/turner’s tooth

A

periapical inflammation of the primary tooth

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24
Q

Congenital syphilis

A

hutchisons incisors, mulberry molar, interstitial keratitis (blindness), 8 nerve deafness

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25
Q

Post developmental loss of tooth structure (attrition, abrasion, erosion, abfraction):

A

Attrition: tooth on tooth,
Abrasion: tooth on not tooth.
Erosion: chemical (perimolysis is erosion caused by gastric secretions)
Abfraction: loading causes cervical notches

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26
Q

Hypodontia

A

one or more missing teeth. anodontia: no teeth oligodontia: six or more missing teeth. If missing a primary tooth you will most likely miss permanent tooth

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27
Q

Hyperdontia

A

more than normal teeth. Mesiodens= extra tooth between centrals.

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28
Q

Gemination

A

Count teeth and normal number but one is big and enarged

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29
Q

Fusion

A

Two teeth have fused together

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30
Q

Concrescence

A

tooth fusion on the cementum. Extractions are hard, need to do both

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31
Q

Dilaceration

A

curved root

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32
Q

Dens-ino-dente (dens ivaginatus

A

): tooth inside a tooth. Deep invagination of a tooth that is lined by enamel. Most common is maxillary lateral incisors. radiograph don’t be confused with pulp champber

33
Q

Dens evaginatus

A

most common is mandibular premolar: tooth on a tooth

34
Q

Taurodontism

A

lowered pulp chambers. Look like mermaid fins 1) klinefelters 2) tricho-dento-osseus 3) amelogenesis imperfecta

35
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta

A

radiographically- sharp pointy teeth with thin enamel

36
Q

hypoplastic

A

inadequate deposition of enamel. Pocketed enamel

37
Q

hypomaturation

A

laid down properly but doesn’t mature: snow capped

38
Q

hypocalcified

A

doesn’t mineralize properly. Brown and yellow. Flakes off easily

39
Q

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

mutation of DSPP. Blue tinted teeth. No pulp in radiograph, bulbous crowns and thin roots

40
Q

Dentin dysplasia (type I

A

rootless teeth

41
Q

dentin dysplasia type II

A

hotdog on a stick pulp and blue tint

42
Q

Regional odontodysplasia

A

non hereditary. Ghost teeth. Shell of teeth

43
Q

Sequelae of periapical pathology

A

sinus tract (intraoral and cutaneous). 2) osteomyelitis (infection of bone. Causes sequestra) 3) cellulitis (infection of soft tissue) 4) condensing osteitis (localized area of bone sclerosis. RO area by roots)

44
Q

Periapical granuloma

A

Radiolucent area by root tip. On histo filled with granulation tissue ( lymphocytes, plasma cells-purple and blue with pink)

45
Q

Periapical abcess

A

RL filled with pus (PMN all pink)

46
Q

Periapical cyst

A

has epithelium around it (“spider web” looking thing)

47
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

expanding lytic destruction, suppuration, sequestra formation, invulcrum (necrotic bone surrounded by healthy bone)

48
Q

Ludwig’s angina

A

cellulitis in the neck (mandibular tooth [molar])

49
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

cellulitis in the upper face (maxillary tooth [molar])

50
Q

Plasma cell gingivitis

A

bright red, hypersensitivity reaction (big red gum causes this- cinnamaaldehyde)

51
Q

Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia:

A

fiery red, bleeds easily, epithelial cells spread apart

52
Q

Desquamative gingivitis

A

red, raw nasty looking, can pull gums apart with minor force. Ddx: lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigoid vulgaris, systemic lupus erythemous, hypersensitivity

53
Q

Drug-related gingival hyperplasia

A

cyclosporine (25%), phenytoin (highest percentage 50%), nifedipine (25%)

54
Q

Pericornitis

A

tissue covers a tooth- operculum

55
Q

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome

A

cathepsin c gene, accelerated periodontitis, A.A., palmar plantar keratosis

56
Q

Impetigo

A

honey colored crusts. Strep pyogenes or staph aureus

57
Q

Scarlet Fever

A

disseminated group A beta hemolytic strep. 2 days of white strawberry tongue then red strawberry tongue desquamation in 3-8 weeks. Pastias lines: rash in areas where pressure and skin folds are

58
Q

diptheria

A

cornebacterium , humans are sole resevoirs

59
Q

Syphilis

A

treponema pallidum. Primary: painless chancre. Secondary: painless lymphadenopathy, rash tertiary: latent

60
Q

Gonorrhea

61
Q

Tuberculosis

A

mycobacterium, acid fast, aerosol dispersed. Lupus vulgaris (TB of skin) scrofula (tb from contaminated cows milk)

62
Q

Actinomycosis

A

isreali: sulfer granules. Mandible. Can occur in tonsillar crypts, plaque, and carious dentin.

63
Q

Cat-scratch disease

A

bartonella henselae. Self resolves in four months

64
Q

Psuedomembranosis candidia

65
Q

Median rhomboid glossitis

A

bald pink symmetrical circle on posterior dorsal tongue

66
Q

Chronic multifocal candidiasis

A

median rhomboid glossitis and infection elsewhere (angle of mandible)

67
Q

Angular chelitis

A

red rash on corners of mout. Candidiasis and staph aureus

68
Q

Denture stomatitis

A

infection under a denture- maxillary

69
Q

Acute atrophic candiasis

A

antibiotic sore mouth

70
Q

Chronic hyperplastic

A

candida leukoplakia- white that won’t come off. Anterior buccal mucosa

71
Q

Mucocutaneous candida

A

APECED. Endocrine

72
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

most common in US. capsulatum, ohio and Mississippi river valley. Bird and bat excrement. Mobile and spongey

73
Q

Blastomycosis

A

dermatitidis. Us and Canada. Breathe ins pores after rain. Can introduce a psuedoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (benign reaction in epithelium that looks like cancer)

74
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

A

brasiliensis: armadillo. Mickey mouse or mariners wheel organisms

75
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

A

immitis. San joaquin river valley fever- SW and mexico. Bag of marbles on histo slide. Flu like symptoms. Arthrospores from mold

76
Q

Cryptococcosis

A

neoformans: pigeon excrement. Mucopolysacharide capsule that protects it

77
Q

Zygomycosis

A

mucormycosis: enhanced by iron. Rhinocerebral form is what dentists worry about. Diabetes at risk nasal infection, facial pain, visual disturbances. Black necrotic tissue in middle of face

78
Q

Aspergillosis

A

second in frequeny to candidiasis. Antrolith if calcified. A. fumigatus and a. flavus. Surgically debride

Oral Pathology (7 decks)

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