Test 1

Question 1

Middle Ages

Answer 1

Care declined for people but remained a concern for crusades

Question 2

Renaissance

Answer 2

More care for people and increased experiments, two important people St. Vincent de Paul and madam le gras

Question 3

17-1800s

Answer 3

Sairey Gant, care was given by drunks and prostitutes and the idea of nurses was they were lazy and didn’t help

Question 4

1800s

Answer 4

Florence nightingale. Instrumental in changing nursing and caring for the sick. She did experiments to see what would help with care, hand washing and cleaner environment was the biggest change.
William rathbone started visiting nursing for care of families in home

Question 5

Early 1900s

Answer 5

Many discoveries about diseases and how they work.
Public health organizations in big cities: goal to protect people from epidemic (prevention and control)
City and state health departments were developed to help with this
Shattuck Report, to give more info to show why health dept were needed
1918 pandemic of Spanish flu, remember video (lots died and no cures or saving them)

Question 6

1920-1970

Answer 6

Focus on communicable disease and cleaner conditions

Question 7

Visiting nursing

Answer 7

Developed to help families and the community. Usually lower income areas
Lillian wald coined term public health nursing, she changed many laws and conditions (living, parks, food, recreation)
Both public and private funding

Question 8

Community health structure

Answer 8

Official agency (government), volunteer (donations), and private (fee for service)

Question 9

The beginning…when and where

Answer 9

Technically throughout history and with Romans, Greeks, and Egyptians.

Question 10

70-80s

Answer 10

Public health nursing changed into community health nursing to focus on the community and not just a person or a family

Question 11

Public health

Answer 11

Preventing and promoting healthy living for everyone, control infection, increase sanitation, and apply to each community

Question 12

Public health functions

Answer 12

Assessment, assurance, policy development

Question 13

Assessment

Answer 13

Monitor health status and identify problems early; diagnose and investigate health and hazards

Question 14

Policy development

Answer 14

Inform, educate and empower public with their health; mobilize programs to solve issues; support individual and community through plans and policies

Question 15

Assurance

Answer 15

Enforce laws to ensure safety; link people to needed services; ensure competent public health workforce; evaluate effectiveness

Question 16

Health care system

Answer 16

Popular health care subsystem, folk or traditional subsystem, and scientific system

Question 17

Scientific: personal or community

Answer 17

Personal: cure of disease and restoration of health usually in clinic setting
Community: promoting health and preventing disease, usually by volunteer (funded by donations and from people who believe in this cause) or official (government run and uses tax dollars/public funding) organizations

Question 18

State level functions

Answer 18

Regulation, inspection and licensure, planning, education, statistic and environment

Question 19

National level

Answer 19

Regulate foreign and interstate commerce, levy taxes and promote welfare, and make treaties

Question 20

Community

Answer 20

Collection of people who have similar characteristics or common geographic location (geographic, demographic, or social)

Question 21

Community process for assessment

Answer 21

Stage 1: observe community, stage 2: participant observation, more specified, phase 3: nursing diagnosis of problem, phase 4: planing, interventions and prioritize, phase 5: implement, phase 6: evaluation

Question 22

Health

Answer 22

State of psychological or mental well being,

Question 23

Health promotion focus of care

Answer 23

Promotion, prevention, care for individual, family and community

Question 24

Health promotion

Answer 24

Prevention is to decrease the threat and health maintenance is keeping the current state

Question 25

Framingham study

Answer 25

1949 identified factors leading to heart disease, blood pressure and stroke

Question 26

Alameda study

Answer 26

Studied sleep, eating, behaviors, exercise, decrease alcohol, no smoking, and height weight. Each of these lead to increase morbidity and mortality

Question 27

Health risk appraisals

Answer 27

Prevention and risk reduction, appraisal used to identify risks of individual (filling out survey online, etc), can be used to guide education and counseling and risk reducing behaviors

Question 28

Health promotion model

Answer 28

Orient community, build partnerships, community structure, leadership and assessing community, action for health, data information for policy makers, and monitoring and evaluating

Question 29

Health education

Answer 29

Give people the ability to control their health, and as people age they need more healthy lifestyles

Question 30

Healthy people 2020 goals

Answer 30

Increase quality of years and healthiness, eliminate health disparities, protect health, and make environment safer

Question 31

Health indicators

Answer 31

Reflects major health concerns, and importance of certain issues

Question 32

Levels of prevention

Answer 32

Primary, secondary, tertiary

To prevent or halt or reverse a disease as early as possible

Question 33

Primary prevention

Answer 33

Promotes health and prevents disease from occurring

Question 34

Secondary prevention

Answer 34

Detect disease early in process, before clinical S/S are present, enables early diagnosis and treatment

Question 35

Tertiary prevention

Answer 35

Intervention begins once disease is obvious, to interrupt amount of disability that may occur and begin rehab

Question 36

Health belief model

Answer 36

Variables affect the likelihood of initiating actions. If a person believes something will help and they have the ability to obtain this they are more likely to do it

Question 37

Education models and principles

Answer 37

Nature of learning, cognitive ability, affective domain (attitudes and values), psychomotor domain (performance)

Question 38

Nurse educator principles

Answer 38

Clear message, appropriate format, positive experience, participation, best environment, evaluation

Question 39

Cultural diversity and care

Answer 39

Should match the beliefs for client, sensitivity and awareness, communication and assessment

Question 40

Small pox

Answer 40

Eradication started in the 60 and completed by late 70-90s. Global effort to stop it, and took large amounts of money and strict organization to stop the spread or to prevent the infections. All levels of prevention were used with this disease. Need reliable information, documenting, commitment, leadership and technology. This also increased number of other vaccines given especially to children at time of small pox shot, like measles or mumps.

Question 41

Disease candidate for eradication

Answer 41

No animal host or virus known
Tools for accurate diagnosis and surveillance
Transmission can be stopped
Non lethal infection or vaccination provides like long immunity
Important for international public health
Political support and commitment to stop it

Question 42

Thai HIV

Answer 42

Spread was large in Thailand and once it was made aware of the large number of individuals changes were made. Laws for sex establishments were enforced and education and testing was made available to all. Rates dropped exponentially from 200000 new cases each year to about 15000 and sti were down as well. The policy adopted throughout the entire country. It was effective throughout sex places but not in casual encounters, this is still an area that needs more help and education to prevent. Also large amounts of advertisements were available to show what can happen if you don’t use condoms.

Question 43

Vitamin A in Nepal

Answer 43

High dose supplements were implemented twice a year after doing two studies in different areas to determine a decrease in child mortality. Currently it is down about 50 percent with about 80-90 percent adherence. Local female volunteers were used by giving them no monetary compensation but giving priority in line or for government programs. This also increase the female respect and trust in the staff and government. Other programs are being implemented to increase dietary intake from home gardens and diet changes. Recently funds have been placed into an account to keep this going for a longer term. Decreases in childhood diseases like measles are also seen and mortality is lower from them because supplements lessen the attar on the system.

Question 44

Sri Lanka maternal deaths

Answer 44

With the help of better health care and better trained midwives and access to care the maternal death rates decreased over time. Increasing the amount of training for midwives and the ability to get to a hospital greatly helped the maternal rates. They had good record keeping to track the amount of deaths, and there is a better referral process. Not only did midwifery assist in decreasing rates but better environment and higher access to professionals greatly decreased deaths.

Question 45

Diarrhea

Answer 45

Ort was a formula developed to combat dehydration and after marketing and research it was able to drop rates by at least 25 percent. It was difficult for rural areas because of the distance and lack of medical facilities. Professionals were trained to give public information and TV was used for mass marketing.