Test 1

Question 1

Has Dr. Laura made a valid statement?
(Study with kids on spatial skills and classical music)
Listening to classical music causes better spatial skills.

Answer 1

• 3rd variable issue (parent education level)

- Not valid- cannot infer causation from correlation, just that they go together

Question 2

Argue that genes and environment interact in development

Answer 2

• genes alone are not responsible for anything. Genes interact with their environments.
• Overkalix research on epigenetics: one’s experiencs can change the genes.
• The grandkids of people of “feast” year while young died much earlier and had more health issues than those whose grandparents did not.

Question 3

Which events did the infants look at longer?

Answer 3

impossible events

Question 4

Why did Karen Wynn interpret her results as suggesting that 5 mo olds can add and subtract?

Answer 4

• Longer looking time at impossible events indicated that they must have detected something unexpected about the impossible events.
• They must have added or subtracted to develop an expectation about what they would see when the screen dropped.

Question 5

Cross sectional design

Answer 5

Compares different groups at one point in time

Question 6

Longitudinal design

Answer 6

Follows one group over a long period of time

Question 7

Why would you use cross sectional design?

Answer 7

Less time needed, less expensive

Question 8

Why would you use longitudinal design?

Answer 8

Watch same group develop over time. Ability to track change and stability in individuals as they age.

Question 9

Pascalis study on face perception

Answer 9

Younger infants, with less experience with faces than older infants and adults, are better than older infants or adults at discriminating between individual faces of other species.

Question 10

Infant visual preference

Answer 10

Marshall Haith study with nipple sucking.

• Infant sucking decreased when looking at moving light compared to light that didn’t move.
• Decrease shows increased attention to moving light.

Question 11

Infant sound preference

Answer 11

Fifer and DeCasper study with sucking.

• Babies varied their sucking rates to hear their mothers’ voices.
• They can discriminate their mother’s voice
• Prefer mom’s voice

Question 12

Ferret study

Answer 12

Eyes hooked up to auditory cortex

Ferret could still see, but not as well as normal ferret with eyes hooked up to visual cortex