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Nursing Science 2 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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0
Q

What are some factors that influence one’s mental health?

A

Support systems spirituality family influence development till influence personal traits demographic and demographic locations psychological stressors poverty impaired parenting health practices hormones biological genetic factors

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1
Q

What is the definition of mental health?

A

A state of well-being in which each individual is able to realize his or her own potential cope with normal stresses of life were productively and fruitfully and make contributions to the community

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2
Q

The ability to navigate through psychological social culturaland physical resources that sustain a person’s well-being
The ability to face tragedy loss severe stress and recover from the experience
Characterized by optimism and confidence
This is a definition for…

A

Resilience

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3
Q

What is psychiatric pluralism?

A

Integration of human biological factors and the environment

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4
Q

What is deinstitutionalization?

A

Moving people from institutions The community lead to developmental average teams and mobile crisis team’s

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5
Q

86% of hospitalizations for mental onus happen in…

A

General Hospital’s

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6
Q

What are some interconnected issues ferment on this

A

Meant on this substance abuse, inadequate community resources and housing results and homelessness and interactions with the criminal justice system

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7
Q

What population is at the highest threat to mental illness

A

Aboriginal

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8
Q

What percent of Canadian adults will person experience mental illness in there lifetime?

A

20%

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9
Q

Suicide accounts for ____% of all deaths among 15-24 year olds

A

24%

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10
Q

Individual group and environmental factors that work together effectively ensuring subjective well-being optimal development and use of mental abilities achievement of goals consistent with justice and conditions of fundamental equality

A

Optimal health

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11
Q

What is used to diagnose mental illness

A

DSM-5 official guide for diagnosing over 350 diagnosis

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12
Q

Rights of people with mental illness

A 
Right to medical care
Right to be treated with humanity and respect
Right to be cared for in the community
Right to provide informed consent before treatment
Right to privacy
Freedom of communication
Freedom of religion
Right to voluntary admission
Right to judicial guarantees
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13
Q

What is the common myth I mental illness

A

People with mental illness are violent and dangerous

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14
Q

What is the Canadian mental health act

A

A A law that gives certain powers and sets conditions for those powers to stipulate healthcare professionals and designated institutions regarding the admissions and treatment of individuals with mental disorders

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15
Q

What is a substitute decision-maker

A

A person assigned by another person, court guardian or relative

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16
Q

What is community treatment orders

A

People required to comply with treatment within the community
The intent is to remove barriers to help family police and caregivers to prevent people with mental illness if at risk harming themselves or others

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17
Q

What condition is defined as a complex with different people exhibiting different symptoms and people may have different symptoms episodes episode in the same person

A

Schizophrenia

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18
Q

What percent of people with schizophrenia experience a complete remission after the first episode

A

25%

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19
Q

What are some positive symptoms of diagnosing schizophrenia

A

Reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions including delusions and hallucinations

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20
Q

What are some negative diagnosing symptoms for schizophrenia

A

Lessening or loss of normal functions like flattening of motion reduced productivity and speech and inability to initiate or participate and goal directed activities and the inability to feel pleasure

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21
Q

What symptoms may include in regards to initial illness

A

Ustaying up all night, incoherent conversations, aggressive acts against self or others
patients become less able to care for self such as eating sleeping and basic hygiene
Often unable to function at school or work
Substance abuse is common
High risk of suicide

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22
Q

During treatment of schizophrenia is important to realize

A

There is no cure

Medication takes the edge off the symptoms but stress is in crisis can contribute two exacerbation of symptoms

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23
Q

Common psychiatric meds include

A

Holoperidol, clozapine, risperidone

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24
Q

What is a wound?

What is it causes?

A

Any break in the skin
Caused by intentional: surgery, debridement
Unintentional: trauma, accidents , sun chemicals

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25
Q

What are the four types of wounds

A

Acute
Pressure ulcers
Diabetic ulcers
Vascular: arterial and venous

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26
Q

Chronic wounds resulting from tissue death due to prolonged and reversible ischemia from compression of soft tissue is the definition for this type of wound

A

Pressure ulcers

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27
Q

If you scored 15 to 16 on the Braden scale you’re out what risk of developing an ulcer

A

Mild

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28
Q

If you were scored a 13 or 14 at what risk are you at for developing a pressure ulcer

A

Moderate risk

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29
Q

If you scored 10 to 12 what risk are you at for developing a pressure ulcer

A

High risk

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30
Q

If you scored less than 10 on the Braden scale at what risk are you at for developing a pressure ulcer

A

A very high-risk

existing skin breakdown indicates respecter’s already present and attention is required

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31
Q

Stage one pressure ulcers indicates

A

I reddened area of intact skin that doesn’t blanche

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32
Q

Stage two of a pressure ulcer or indicates

A

And open red area into dermis

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33
Q

Stage III have a pressure ulcer indicates

A

Open into the subcutaneous tissue

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34
Q

Stage 4 of a pressure ulcer indicates

A

I wound extends into muscle or bone

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35
Q

What are the main causes of diabetic ulcers and what did they do

A

Uncontrolled diabetes

Causes damage the blood vessels and nerves leaving to nerve damage and circulatory problems

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36
Q

What are the changes to the skin with atrial insufficiency

A

Thin, shiny skin, pale,

muscular atrophy

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37
Q

What is a vascular woundand what are its causes

A

Peripheral vascular disease

A group of disorders that affect blood vessels outside the heart

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38
Q

What is in atrial wound

A

Ischemic wound

Causes by the blood having difficulty getting to the extremities

39
Q

What are some subjective findings for an Arterial wound?

A

Feet are A deep red or purple color due to lack of oxygen and blood
Nails are thinking rigid
Pulse maybe things or absent

40
Q

What percent of all ulcers are atrial Wounds?

A

5-20%

41
Q

What are lymphatic ulcers

A

Caused by lymphatic tissue doesn’t function fluid pools and arms and legs
Capillaries are compressed with thickened tissue which occludes blood
Circulation is impaired with huge edema
Skin is vulnerable to infection due to skin folds and traps moisture

42
Q

What are factors that affect wound healing

A 
Extent and type of wound
location of wound
care of wound 
medications 
therapies to increase circulation
43
Q

Patient factors that affect wound healing

A 
Circulation and oxygen 
nutrition (2x protein) 
hydration 
age 
smoking 
presence of infection 
presence of disease
44
Q

What are the three types of healing

A

Primary intention
secondary intention
tertiary intention

45
Q

What is primary intention

A

Superficial rooms involving only the epidermis or surgical wounds
Cells grow from the margins of the wound
For surgical incisions there’s no loss of tissue and there’s little risk for infection
They heal quite quickly with minimal scarring healing time is about 4 to 14 days

46
Q

What is secondary intention

A

Secondary intention occurs when there is substantial tissue loss

47
Q

What are some examples for secondary intention healing

A

Pressure ulcers burns and traumas

48
Q

What is partial thickness

A

Only involves the epidermis and the dermis

49
Q

What is full thickness healing

A

Involve subcutaneous layer muscle and possibly bone

50
Q

Secondary intention heels from
A. Top
B. Bottom
C. Doesn’t heal

A

B. Bottom

If the surface tissue closes first it makes a perfect warm moist area for bacteria to produce

51
Q

What is tertiary intention healing

A

Wound is intentionally kept open to allow edema or infection to resolve or permit removal of exudate

52
Q

What are the healing phases

A

Homeostasis- stops bleeding
Inflammation- bleeding controlled, bacteria destroyed (4 to 6 days)
Proliferation- granulation tissue develops( beefy red color) consist of macro phases fibroblast collagen, blood vessels and ground substance (4-24 days)
Maturation- collagen fibers reorganize remodel amateur gaining strength (21 days to two years)

53
Q

What are some complications of wound healing

A

Hemorrhages - leaning to hematoma
dehiscing
infection
and fistula

54
Q

What is evisceration?

A

Organs come out of wound

55
Q

What is the fistula

A

Abnormal openings between two organs or between Oregon and the skin
Often is caused by tunneling from the wound
Very hard to heal

56
Q

Crohn’s is an example of

A

Fistula

57
Q

During a wound assessment you assess

A 
Immune status 
blood glucose 
hydration 
nutrition 
blood oxygen supply 
pain
58
Q

During a wound assessment you would assess for

A 
Wound dimensions size and depth
Tunnelling and undermining
Bad Texter and moisture
Margins and surrounding skin
Odor
Pain
59
Q

What are the different colors of wounds?

A

Red- good for healing
yellow- film or unhealthy tissue that it’s recently died from ischemia or infection requires the debridement
Black- necrosis tissue= death eschar. slows healing encourages microorganisms

60
Q

What is debridement

A

Requires a surgical laser or removal by scissors done by Dr.

61
Q

What colors the skin should give you looking for on surrounding tissue

A

White waterlogged skin = maceration
Redskin= information injury or infection
Purple skin= trauma

62
Q

Four types of wound drainage

A

Serous- watery clean thin
Sanguineous - red with fresh blood, thin
Seroanguineous- pink light red thin watery
Purulent- creamy yellow green, white, tan thick pus like

63
Q

What are the most common cleaning agents for wounds

A

Normal sailine- isotonic promotes moisture in wound bed, promotes granulation tissue
Anti-septic solutions damaged tissue and delay healing (hydrogen peroxide)

64
Q

What are hydrocolloids?

A

Type of wound dressing
Should be changed every 2 to 7 days
Helps with pain
Do not use with copious drainage

65
Q

What is an example of a hydrocolloid dressing

A

DuoDerm

66
Q

What is an alginate dressing?

A 
Seaweed derived
Absorbs copious drainage
May be Used on infected  Wounds 
Turns into a gel as it absorbs drainage
Holds  7 to 10 times their own weight in fluid
67
Q

What is hydrogel

A

Type of dressing but should not be used with copious drainage
Maintains moist wound bed
used to debride
comes the gel or flexible sheets

68
Q

Example of the hydrogel

A

Curasol

69
Q

What is a transparent film

A

Type addressing to protect fragile skin
should be changed every 3 to 5 days
a clear adherent not absorptive dressing
Purethane dressing maintains moist environment

70
Q

An example of a transparent film dressing

A

Tegaderm

71
Q

What type of dressing uses negative air pressure to promote wound closure

A

Wound vac

72
Q

What are the benefits of using a vac

A

Reduces bacteria conization promotes granulation increases circulation of the wound they should be used with wound with the depth greater than 1 cm

73
Q

When documenting what should you document about it wound

A 
What you took off dressing drainage 
what did you clean 
characteristics of the wound 
and patients reactions 
pictures or drawings should be done weekly dressing should be changed if no improvement in two weeks 
referred to one specialist or physician
74
Q

What is pain

A

Penis objective chronic and acute pain
is whatever the person says it is
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience with actual or potential tissue damage

75
Q

What does pain due

A

Increases metabolic rate, cardiovascular function, impairs insulin response, increases cortisol release , increases retention of fluids

76
Q

What is oliophonbia?

A

In rational fear that appropriate use of the Opioid use will lead to patient becoming addicted resistant to educational and evidence-based interventions
With contributing factors of historical, society believes the drugs are bad inadequate or in accurate training concerns but long-term tolerance questions regarding effective as with opioids in chronic pain

77
Q

What causes pain and pain transmission

A

Nociceptors- free nerve endings located in the skin joints skeletal muscles Thasha tendons cornea respond to potential he damaging stimuli
Prostaglandins a release to stimulate the pain impulses to the spinal cord
Stimuli maybe chemical thermal or mechanical

78
Q

What is acute pain

A

Usually is identifiable, known cause and lasts less than six months

79
Q

Some symptoms of acute pain are

A

Increasing vital signs and pale

80
Q

What is chronic pain

A

Pain lasting more than six months

81
Q

Some symptoms of patients with chronic pain

A

Slack facial features flattened facial effect reduced activity level, social isolation

82
Q

Stimulation of a neuroreceptors in calcaneous tissue maybe cause by mechanical thermal chemical reactions is the definition of

A

Superficial pain

83
Q

Organ pain, diffuse, poorly localized difficult to diagnose maybe deep, aching, cramping or pressure may produce abdominal cramping, diarrhea and they may not reflect the system damaged his definition of..

A

Visceral pain

84
Q

Structural pain is a localized often caused by trauma or Activity, in muscle and joints tendons fashion etc. maybe Sharptail achy often related to positioning or activity. Is the definition of

A

Somatic pain

85
Q

Pain occurring a limb that is not there is a definition of

A

Phantom pain

86
Q

Pain caused by damage to peripheral or central nervous system.
burning or searing sensation
often doesn’t respond to narcotic pain treatment calcaneous treatment may be more effective is the definition of

A

Neuropathic pain

87
Q

Pain coming from one area but felt and another is the definition of this pain

A

Referred pain

88
Q

What are some factors that influence pain

A 
Mood 
fear and stress 
anger 
fatigue 
expectations 
culture 
past experience 
anxiety and depression 
learning response 
age gender
89
Q

When assessing pain you should assess for

A 
Intensity 
timing 
onset 
duration 
location 
quality 
personal meaning 
aggravating or alleviating factors
90
Q

What are the descriptive words when describing pain

A 
Agony 
pulling 
aching 
pressure 
burning 
stabbing
91
Q

What machine is described as a machine that consists of small remote control connections at four pads which will be attached to the skin when turned on it sends electrical pulses through the skin intensity of the post is adjustable?

A

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

92
Q

People’s behaviour in three dimensions

A

Between individuals, there environments and there relationships

93
Q

What are the four primary influences that shape an individual’s self efficacy beliefs?

A 
Mastery 
Vicarious experience 
Verbal persuasion 
Social influences 
And physiological affective states
94
Q

What are some examples non-opioids?

A

Aspirin and ibuprofen

95
Q

When are opioids used?

A

Moderate to severe pain

Nursing Science 2 (2 decks)

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