Test #1 Flashcards
What are some factors that influence one’s mental health?
Support systems spirituality family influence development till influence personal traits demographic and demographic locations psychological stressors poverty impaired parenting health practices hormones biological genetic factors
What is the definition of mental health?
A state of well-being in which each individual is able to realize his or her own potential cope with normal stresses of life were productively and fruitfully and make contributions to the community
The ability to navigate through psychological social culturaland physical resources that sustain a person’s well-being
The ability to face tragedy loss severe stress and recover from the experience
Characterized by optimism and confidence
This is a definition for…
Resilience
What is psychiatric pluralism?
Integration of human biological factors and the environment
What is deinstitutionalization?
Moving people from institutions The community lead to developmental average teams and mobile crisis team’s
86% of hospitalizations for mental onus happen in…
General Hospital’s
What are some interconnected issues ferment on this
Meant on this substance abuse, inadequate community resources and housing results and homelessness and interactions with the criminal justice system
What population is at the highest threat to mental illness
Aboriginal
What percent of Canadian adults will person experience mental illness in there lifetime?
20%
Suicide accounts for ____% of all deaths among 15-24 year olds
24%
Individual group and environmental factors that work together effectively ensuring subjective well-being optimal development and use of mental abilities achievement of goals consistent with justice and conditions of fundamental equality
Optimal health
What is used to diagnose mental illness
DSM-5 official guide for diagnosing over 350 diagnosis
Rights of people with mental illness
Right to medical care Right to be treated with humanity and respect Right to be cared for in the community Right to provide informed consent before treatment Right to privacy Freedom of communication Freedom of religion Right to voluntary admission Right to judicial guarantees
What is the common myth I mental illness
People with mental illness are violent and dangerous
What is the Canadian mental health act
A A law that gives certain powers and sets conditions for those powers to stipulate healthcare professionals and designated institutions regarding the admissions and treatment of individuals with mental disorders
What is a substitute decision-maker
A person assigned by another person, court guardian or relative
What is community treatment orders
People required to comply with treatment within the community
The intent is to remove barriers to help family police and caregivers to prevent people with mental illness if at risk harming themselves or others
What condition is defined as a complex with different people exhibiting different symptoms and people may have different symptoms episodes episode in the same person
Schizophrenia
What percent of people with schizophrenia experience a complete remission after the first episode
25%
What are some positive symptoms of diagnosing schizophrenia
Reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions including delusions and hallucinations
What are some negative diagnosing symptoms for schizophrenia
Lessening or loss of normal functions like flattening of motion reduced productivity and speech and inability to initiate or participate and goal directed activities and the inability to feel pleasure
What symptoms may include in regards to initial illness
Ustaying up all night, incoherent conversations, aggressive acts against self or others
patients become less able to care for self such as eating sleeping and basic hygiene
Often unable to function at school or work
Substance abuse is common
High risk of suicide
During treatment of schizophrenia is important to realize
There is no cure
Medication takes the edge off the symptoms but stress is in crisis can contribute two exacerbation of symptoms
Common psychiatric meds include
Holoperidol, clozapine, risperidone
What is a wound?
What is it causes?
Any break in the skin
Caused by intentional: surgery, debridement
Unintentional: trauma, accidents , sun chemicals
What are the four types of wounds
Acute
Pressure ulcers
Diabetic ulcers
Vascular: arterial and venous
Chronic wounds resulting from tissue death due to prolonged and reversible ischemia from compression of soft tissue is the definition for this type of wound
Pressure ulcers
If you scored 15 to 16 on the Braden scale you’re out what risk of developing an ulcer
Mild
If you were scored a 13 or 14 at what risk are you at for developing a pressure ulcer
Moderate risk
If you scored 10 to 12 what risk are you at for developing a pressure ulcer
High risk
If you scored less than 10 on the Braden scale at what risk are you at for developing a pressure ulcer
A very high-risk
existing skin breakdown indicates respecter’s already present and attention is required
Stage one pressure ulcers indicates
I reddened area of intact skin that doesn’t blanche
Stage two of a pressure ulcer or indicates
And open red area into dermis
Stage III have a pressure ulcer indicates
Open into the subcutaneous tissue
Stage 4 of a pressure ulcer indicates
I wound extends into muscle or bone
What are the main causes of diabetic ulcers and what did they do
Uncontrolled diabetes
Causes damage the blood vessels and nerves leaving to nerve damage and circulatory problems
What are the changes to the skin with atrial insufficiency
Thin, shiny skin, pale,
muscular atrophy
What is a vascular woundand what are its causes
Peripheral vascular disease
A group of disorders that affect blood vessels outside the heart
What is in atrial wound
Ischemic wound
Causes by the blood having difficulty getting to the extremities
What are some subjective findings for an Arterial wound?
Feet are A deep red or purple color due to lack of oxygen and blood
Nails are thinking rigid
Pulse maybe things or absent
What percent of all ulcers are atrial Wounds?
5-20%
What are lymphatic ulcers
Caused by lymphatic tissue doesn’t function fluid pools and arms and legs
Capillaries are compressed with thickened tissue which occludes blood
Circulation is impaired with huge edema
Skin is vulnerable to infection due to skin folds and traps moisture
What are factors that affect wound healing
Extent and type of wound location of wound care of wound medications therapies to increase circulation
Patient factors that affect wound healing
Circulation and oxygen nutrition (2x protein) hydration age smoking presence of infection presence of disease
What are the three types of healing
Primary intention
secondary intention
tertiary intention
What is primary intention
Superficial rooms involving only the epidermis or surgical wounds
Cells grow from the margins of the wound
For surgical incisions there’s no loss of tissue and there’s little risk for infection
They heal quite quickly with minimal scarring healing time is about 4 to 14 days
What is secondary intention
Secondary intention occurs when there is substantial tissue loss
What are some examples for secondary intention healing
Pressure ulcers burns and traumas
What is partial thickness
Only involves the epidermis and the dermis
What is full thickness healing
Involve subcutaneous layer muscle and possibly bone
Secondary intention heels from
A. Top
B. Bottom
C. Doesn’t heal
B. Bottom
If the surface tissue closes first it makes a perfect warm moist area for bacteria to produce
What is tertiary intention healing
Wound is intentionally kept open to allow edema or infection to resolve or permit removal of exudate
What are the healing phases
Homeostasis- stops bleeding
Inflammation- bleeding controlled, bacteria destroyed (4 to 6 days)
Proliferation- granulation tissue develops( beefy red color) consist of macro phases fibroblast collagen, blood vessels and ground substance (4-24 days)
Maturation- collagen fibers reorganize remodel amateur gaining strength (21 days to two years)
What are some complications of wound healing
Hemorrhages - leaning to hematoma
dehiscing
infection
and fistula
What is evisceration?
Organs come out of wound
What is the fistula
Abnormal openings between two organs or between Oregon and the skin
Often is caused by tunneling from the wound
Very hard to heal
Crohn’s is an example of
Fistula
During a wound assessment you assess
Immune status blood glucose hydration nutrition blood oxygen supply pain
During a wound assessment you would assess for
Wound dimensions size and depth Tunnelling and undermining Bad Texter and moisture Margins and surrounding skin Odor Pain
What are the different colors of wounds?
Red- good for healing
yellow- film or unhealthy tissue that it’s recently died from ischemia or infection requires the debridement
Black- necrosis tissue= death eschar. slows healing encourages microorganisms
What is debridement
Requires a surgical laser or removal by scissors done by Dr.
What colors the skin should give you looking for on surrounding tissue
White waterlogged skin = maceration
Redskin= information injury or infection
Purple skin= trauma
Four types of wound drainage
Serous- watery clean thin
Sanguineous - red with fresh blood, thin
Seroanguineous- pink light red thin watery
Purulent- creamy yellow green, white, tan thick pus like
What are the most common cleaning agents for wounds
Normal sailine- isotonic promotes moisture in wound bed, promotes granulation tissue
Anti-septic solutions damaged tissue and delay healing (hydrogen peroxide)
What are hydrocolloids?
Type of wound dressing
Should be changed every 2 to 7 days
Helps with pain
Do not use with copious drainage
What is an example of a hydrocolloid dressing
DuoDerm
What is an alginate dressing?
Seaweed derived Absorbs copious drainage May be Used on infected Wounds Turns into a gel as it absorbs drainage Holds 7 to 10 times their own weight in fluid
What is hydrogel
Type of dressing but should not be used with copious drainage
Maintains moist wound bed
used to debride
comes the gel or flexible sheets
Example of the hydrogel
Curasol
What is a transparent film
Type addressing to protect fragile skin
should be changed every 3 to 5 days
a clear adherent not absorptive dressing
Purethane dressing maintains moist environment
An example of a transparent film dressing
Tegaderm
What type of dressing uses negative air pressure to promote wound closure
Wound vac
What are the benefits of using a vac
Reduces bacteria conization promotes granulation increases circulation of the wound they should be used with wound with the depth greater than 1 cm
When documenting what should you document about it wound
What you took off dressing drainage what did you clean characteristics of the wound and patients reactions pictures or drawings should be done weekly dressing should be changed if no improvement in two weeks referred to one specialist or physician
What is pain
Penis objective chronic and acute pain
is whatever the person says it is
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience with actual or potential tissue damage
What does pain due
Increases metabolic rate, cardiovascular function, impairs insulin response, increases cortisol release , increases retention of fluids
What is oliophonbia?
In rational fear that appropriate use of the Opioid use will lead to patient becoming addicted resistant to educational and evidence-based interventions
With contributing factors of historical, society believes the drugs are bad inadequate or in accurate training concerns but long-term tolerance questions regarding effective as with opioids in chronic pain
What causes pain and pain transmission
Nociceptors- free nerve endings located in the skin joints skeletal muscles Thasha tendons cornea respond to potential he damaging stimuli
Prostaglandins a release to stimulate the pain impulses to the spinal cord
Stimuli maybe chemical thermal or mechanical
What is acute pain
Usually is identifiable, known cause and lasts less than six months
Some symptoms of acute pain are
Increasing vital signs and pale
What is chronic pain
Pain lasting more than six months
Some symptoms of patients with chronic pain
Slack facial features flattened facial effect reduced activity level, social isolation
Stimulation of a neuroreceptors in calcaneous tissue maybe cause by mechanical thermal chemical reactions is the definition of
Superficial pain
Organ pain, diffuse, poorly localized difficult to diagnose maybe deep, aching, cramping or pressure may produce abdominal cramping, diarrhea and they may not reflect the system damaged his definition of..
Visceral pain
Structural pain is a localized often caused by trauma or Activity, in muscle and joints tendons fashion etc. maybe Sharptail achy often related to positioning or activity. Is the definition of
Somatic pain
Pain occurring a limb that is not there is a definition of
Phantom pain
Pain caused by damage to peripheral or central nervous system.
burning or searing sensation
often doesn’t respond to narcotic pain treatment calcaneous treatment may be more effective is the definition of
Neuropathic pain
Pain coming from one area but felt and another is the definition of this pain
Referred pain
What are some factors that influence pain
Mood fear and stress anger fatigue expectations culture past experience anxiety and depression learning response age gender
When assessing pain you should assess for
Intensity timing onset duration location quality personal meaning aggravating or alleviating factors
What are the descriptive words when describing pain
Agony pulling aching pressure burning stabbing
What machine is described as a machine that consists of small remote control connections at four pads which will be attached to the skin when turned on it sends electrical pulses through the skin intensity of the post is adjustable?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
People’s behaviour in three dimensions
Between individuals, there environments and there relationships
What are the four primary influences that shape an individual’s self efficacy beliefs?
Mastery Vicarious experience Verbal persuasion Social influences And physiological affective states
What are some examples non-opioids?
Aspirin and ibuprofen
When are opioids used?
Moderate to severe pain
