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Recording Technology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

With his new device, the gramophone Emile Berliner improved Edison’s original phonograph both technologically and from a business standpoint, how?

A

Lateral cut making it clearer, easier for replication, cheaper so more sales

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2
Q

A soundwave is made up of a series of c_______ and r__________

A

compression and rare fractions

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3
Q

How do we measure amplitude of a sound wave? Frequency?

A

dB & Hz

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4
Q

How do we perceive amplitude and frequency?

A

Equal loudness curve

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5
Q

How long are particular frequencies in feet, meters?

A

1000Hz=1ft

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6
Q

5 things invented in recording history

A 
Phonoautograph-1857-Edouard Leon Scott
Telephone-1876-Alexander Bell
Phonograph-1877-Thomas edison
Recording Horn-1890-1st commercial sound recorded
Microphone-1925-Emile Berliner
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7
Q

The threshold of human hearing (in dB SPL) is defined as?

A

0 dB SPL

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8
Q

The dynamic range of human hearing is?

A

20-20k Hz and 130dB

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9
Q

Using technical language, how would you describe the “sound” of recordings made in the acoustic period?

A

Minimal bandwidth, poor signal to noise ratio

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10
Q

What is TTS? What is PTS? What are they caused by? Are there warning signs?

A

TTS- temporary of threshold shift

PTS-Permaneny threshold shift

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11
Q

Describe the difference between a large and small signal to noise ratio

A

Small- 40% noise and 60% desired sound

Large- 1% noise and 99% desired sound

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12
Q

Describe the difference between a narrow and wide bandwidth.

A

Narrow- small range of frequencies-little changes in amplitude
Wide- large range of frequencies-large changes in amplitude

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13
Q

How much louder is 70dB than 50dB? 30dB than 0dB?

A

100x and 1000x

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14
Q

Using the equal loudness chart/graph found in the text, a 1 kHz tone played at 40 dB SPL compared to a 50 Hz tone will require how much dB SPL in order to
sound equally as loud?

A

?

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15
Q

Why was the stroh violin used in the acoustic era?

A

Made sound directional and amplified it

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16
Q

What is the threshold of pain in dB? Average conversation? A rock band in concert?

A

140 dB
60dB
130dB

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17
Q

Name the three sections of the ear and each of their basic functions

A

Outer-transducer helps localize the sound
Middle-amplifies and limits sound
Inner-converts mechanical energy into neural energy

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18
Q

What is the name for the “texture” or “color” or “quality” of a sound?

A

Timbre

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19
Q

The lowest frequency found in a complex tone is called …

A

a fundamental

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20
Q

The fifth harmonic of a note played at “x” Hz will be approximately…

A

5x

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21
Q

When sound waves collide, what happens? How do sound waves react when they are out of phase?

A

Constructive/destructive interference

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22
Q

Two identical sound waves that are 180 degrees out of phase will…

A

Cancel

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23
Q

What is the “decibel?” What is the formula?

A

The acoustic pressure within a defined area

Velocity/Frequency

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24
Q

What is the waveform envelope

A

Changes in level

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25
Q

What are “overtones” and “harmonics”? Why are they important?

A

All frequencies present other than the fundamental. Harmonics are overtones that are whole number multiples

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26
Q

“A” above Middle “C” on piano is what frequency?

A

440 Hz

27
Q

What is an “octave?”

A

Doubling of frequency

28
Q

The first device to successfully record a soundwave was …

A

Phonoautograph

29
Q

How is the art of early acoustic recording similar to the art of recording today?

A

Used placement of distance

30
Q

What does “linear” mean?

A

Having an output that varies in direct portion to the input

31
Q

What are some of the ways the brain localizes sound?

A

The auditory center to the brain center

32
Q

What issues determine the degree of masking between two sounds? Give some examples

A

Frequency, amplitude, duration

33
Q

What frequencies can we hear the best?

A

Mid and high frequencies

34
Q

How are bandwidth, frequency, dynamic range, signal to noise, linearity, amplitude related to each other?

A

All related to sound

35
Q

What is the significance of the phonautograph? Who invented it and in what year?

A

The first sound recorder-1857- Edouard Leon Scott

36
Q

The correct chronological order of the telephone, phonautograph, telegraph, gramophone, and phonograph is….

A

the telegraph, phonautograph, telephone, phonograph, and gramophone

37
Q

Berliner increased the dynamic range of early disc recording by__________

A

lateral movements (left to right)

38
Q

What does dB level(s) does OSHA recommend for daily listening exposure? How many hours should I listen to music at 103 dB SPL?

A

90dB, 1 hour

39
Q

Approximately how long is a 50 Hz sound wave? 1 kHz? 10 kHz?

A

50Hz=1kHz
1kHz=1ft
10kHz=10Hz

40
Q

What devices came together to make the electrical recording system of 1925?

A

audion vacuum tube amplifier, electric stylus, loudspeakers

41
Q

Who invented the disc? When? What was the device called?

A

Emilie Berliner- gramophone

42
Q

What was considered the first recording studio? Where was it?

A

Abbey Road Studios in London, England

43
Q

During the acoustic period, how were various instruments and/or voices were recorded and mixed?

A

Placement in the room

44
Q

What device spurred the audio industry from acoustic recording into electrical recording?

A

Vacuum tube, The microphone, disc cutter

45
Q

ADSR Curve

A

Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release

46
Q

Amplitude

A

Volume

47
Q

Binaural localization Complex waveform

A

Where sound comes from- above, below, behind, to the side

48
Q

Cycles per second

A

the frequency

49
Q

Decibel

A

A dimensionless unit to measure the ratio of two quantities

50
Q

Dynamic Range

A

The difference between the softest and loudest sound a device will process without distortion

51
Q

Equal loudness curve

A

Shows sensitivity of the ear to different frequencies at various levels

52
Q

Frequency

A

Relative tone of the sound

53
Q

Masking

A

When loud sound signals prevent ear from hearing softer sounds

54
Q

Octave

A

Doubling the frequency

55
Q

Phase

A

The time relationship between two or more sounds reaching a microphone

56
Q

Pitch

A

The frequency of a sound

57
Q

Precedence effect

A

When a sound comes from somewhere and on ear hits louder than the other

58
Q

Psychoacoustics

A

Human perceptions of acoustics

59
Q

Sine wave

A

A fundamental frequency with no harmonics or overtones

60
Q

Telegraphone

A

A magnetic wire recorder

61
Q

Threshold of Pain

A

140 dB

62
Q

Valdemar Poulsen

A

Created a wire microphone

63
Q

Waveform

A

A graphic representation of a sounds characteristic shape displayed

64
Q

Cilia

A

Hairs in the ear, where it converts to electric

Recording Technology (3 decks)

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