Test 1

Question 1

Achalasia

Answer 1

Loss of Nitrous oxide, and chronic constriction of the esophagus. Treat with calcium channel blocker

Question 2

Scleroderma

Answer 2

no esophageal constriction, common with reynauds. Always have acid problems

Question 3

Migrating motor Complex

Answer 3

Clears undigested material from the GI tract, happens with fasting, involves the hormone motilin.

Question 4

Pepsinogen secreted by

Answer 4

Chief cells and then gets activated to pespin

Question 5

Intrinsic factor

Answer 5

Binds B12, released by parietal cell

Question 6

Somatostatin

Answer 6

Inhibits the ECL cell, preventing histamine release. and inhibits G cells releasing Gastrin. Comes from D cell when pH in the antrum is less than 3.

Question 7

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Answer 7

is a gastrinoma caused by a gastrin secreting tumor in the pancreas or intestine.

Question 8

Bacteria in the mouth

Answer 8

Typically gm + strep plays a role at preventing bad bacteria from colonizing. There are tons of types of strep in the mouth, good and bad.

Question 9

Microbes that cause dental caries

Answer 9

Gm+

Question 10

Microbes that cause periodontal disease

Answer 10

Gm-

Question 11

Candida Albicans Infection of the mouth

Answer 11

Grows as a yeast like fungus, Is filamentous, can form spores. Typically immunosuppressed people

Question 12

Hairy Leukoplakia

Answer 12

Fuzzy white patches on the side of the tongue. Caused by EBV. Is associated with AIDS mostly and immunosuppression. White patches on the tongue that won’t wipe off.

Question 13

Leukoplakia

Answer 13

Not caused by a microorganism. caused by tobacco use.

Question 14

Filiform papilae

Answer 14

cover whole tongue, are the same one as the spikes in the cat.

Question 15

Fungiform papillae

Answer 15

Not many, but are toward the front of the tongue, not numerus, supplied by CN VII

Question 16

Circumvalate papillae

Answer 16

Larve V shape in back of tongue. Taste buds on lateral sides. CN IX.

Question 17

Foliate Papillae

Answer 17

Poorly developed in humans, taste buds associated with epithelium.

Question 18

Ameleoblast

Answer 18

Produces enamel, lost with tooth development

Question 19

Odontoblast

Answer 19

Produces dentin, the inner part of the tooth. are there throughout life.

Question 20

G cells

Answer 20

Produce Gastrin.

Question 21

S cells

Answer 21

in small intestine, produce secretin and cause pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate and water secretion.

Question 22

I cells

Answer 22

From small intestine, produce cholecystikinin. Causes pancreatic enzyme secretion, gallbladder contraction.

Question 23

Plicae circularis

Answer 23

is the smooth muscle in the walls of the intestine, only goes 3/4 the way around the inside.

Question 24

Paneth Cells

Answer 24

Look like they have grapes in them, release peptides to attack and regulate bacterial species in the gut.