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Physical Activity > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is health

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

What are the dimensions of wellness

A 
Physical
Occupational
Social
Intellectual
Spiritual
Emotional
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3
Q

What is an infectious disease

A

something you can catch from someone else

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4
Q

what is a chronic disease

A

diseases that effect us for a long period of time and slowly develop

influenced by lifestyle and genetics

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5
Q

What are the pillars of public health

A

epidemiology and disease control
environmental health
health promotion and health education

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6
Q

What is physical activity

A

any bodily movement

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7
Q

What is exercise

A

activity that enhances an aspect of fitness, specific and intentional actions

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8
Q

what is fitness

A

attainment of specific criteria to function efficiently and effectively

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9
Q

What are the health related aspects of fitness

A 
cardiovascular endurance
muscular endurance
muscular strength
flexibility
body composition
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10
Q

What are the skill related aspects of fitness

A 
agility
balance
coordination
power
speed
reaction time
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11
Q

What are the metabolic fitness components

A

blood sugar levels
blood lipid levels
blood hormone levels

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12
Q

What is bone integrity

A

bone density and strength

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13
Q

what is kinesiology

A

study of physiological process and anatomy of the body during movement

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14
Q

What are case studies

A

describes what happens to one or a few individuals

ex: graded exercise science test

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15
Q

What is a cross sectional study

A

when you compare different groups of people at a given point in time

ex: fit vs. unfit

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16
Q

what is a longitudinal study

A

studies group of people over a long period of time and are able to study long term behaviors and outcomes

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17
Q

what is an experimental study

A

it examines a group before and after training and identifies pre/post changes over time

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18
Q

What are the types of muscle movement

A

sliding filament theory
muscle contraction
aerobic
anaerobic (no oxygen for ATP)

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19
Q

Muscle fibers stained light, anaerobic and suited to strength and speed

A

Fast twitch muscle fiber

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20
Q

muscle fibers stained dark, aerobic and suited to endurance activity

A

slow twitch muscle fiber

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21
Q

What does the body use for energy production

A

food (fats, protein, carbohydrates)

ATP

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22
Q

Anaerobic Immediate source for energy

A

creatine phosphate system

~10 seconds

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23
Q

Anaerobic short-term source for energy

A

Glycolysis- glucose stored in cell and within muscle
ATP and pyruvate
(~20-120 seconds)

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24
Q

Aerobic long term source for energy

A

ocydative phosphorylation
uses fat as energy source
(3+ minutes)

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25
Q

Graded exercise test (GXT)

A 
heart rate
blood pressure
rating od perceived exertion
gas exchange
blood lactate
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26
Q

What does GXT determine

A

normal response to exercise
maximal aerobic capacity
VO2 max

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27
Q

VO2 max formula

A

= mL/ kg (body weight)/ minutes

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28
Q

Gross energy expenditure

A

PA plus resting EE

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29
Q

Net energy expenditure

A

PA only

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30
Q

Resting energy expenditure

A

1 MET

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31
Q

Metabolic Equivalent

A

MET

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32
Q

1 MET equivalents

A

1 MET= 3.5 mL O2/ kg/ min

1 MET= 1 kcal/ kg/ hour

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33
Q

What is heart rate

A

frequency of heart beats/minute

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34
Q

what is blood pressure

A

pressure that your blood exerts on the blood vessels

35
Q

Systolic pressure

A

pressure when the heart if contracting “pumping”

Left ventricle

36
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Pressure when the heart is relaxing “filling”

37
Q

Amount of blood pumped with each beat

A

stroke volume

38
Q

amount of blood pumped from heart per minute of exercise

A

cardiac output (L/min)

heart rate x stroke volume

39
Q

amount of oxygen removed from the blood for muscle use

A

O2 extraction

40
Q

Difference between artery oxygen values and venous oxygen values in the muscle

41
Q

VO2

A

volume of oxygen utilized during exercise

measured in MET
directly related to the intensity of exercise

42
Q

maximal amount of oxygen used at maximal exercise

43
Q

What are the principles of training

A

specificity
overload
progression
reversibility

44
Q

What is specificity

A

specific adaption imposed demands

45
Q

What is overload

A

training effects that occur when the body is challenged at a level beyond which it is normally accustomed

FITT

46
Q

what is progression

A

overload increased over time

47
Q

Expected change in endurance training and VO2 max

A

15% increase in VO2 max

48
Q

accounts for 40-66% VO2max

A

genetic predisposition

49
Q

Why does VO2 max increase

A

heart adaptions to deliver more oxygen

muscles can use more oxygen

50
Q

What is an indication of glycolysis

A

Blood lactate

51
Q

Lactate Threshold

A

point at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood, which indicates a switch to anaerobic metabolism as a primary source of ATP

52
Q

WHy does lactate threshold shift after training

A

increased blood flow (removes lactate)
increased reliance on aerobic metabolism
important marker for training

53
Q

What does aerobic training lead to

A 
structural and biochemical changes in muscle 
metabolic changes
bone density
cardiovascular strength
thermoregulatry adaptions
54
Q

Increased ability to recruit muscle fibers to activate motor units

A

physiological adaptions to strength training

55
Q

When does muscle enlargement occur?

56
Q

What is epidemiology

A

study of distribution and determinates of disease and disability in populations

57
Q

Physical Activity Epidemiology

A 
Who is physically active
How much activity do they do
Where they are active
When are they active
Why are they active
What do they do
How does this affect disease
58
Q

Looked at Drivers and Conductors to see who was more active and who stayed more healthy

A

Morris 1953 study

59
Q

PA Measurement

A

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)
Physical Activity (PAEE)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMEE)

60
Q

What is TEE

A

thermic effect of food

61
Q

What is PAEE

A

energy expended through PA

62
Q

What is BMEE

A

energy necessary for breathing and circulation at rest

63
Q

Monitors gas exchange and measures energy usage

A

indirect calorimetry

64
Q

uses isotopes and monitors their elimination from the body

A

doubly labeled water

65
Q

Nonlab methods to measure PA

A

pedometer
direct observation
self-report instruments

66
Q

Total number of cases of a disease or condition in a given population at a specific time, or how many people meet PA guidelines

A

Prevalence

67
Q

Long term movement or change in PA frequency

68
Q

How many adults participate in 150+ min of moderate PA per week

69
Q

How many adults participate in aerobic and muscle strength training

70
Q

Who are lower risk groups (>56%)

A

athletes
greek students
intramurals
black, nonhispanic

71
Q

Who are higher risk groups (<40)

A

females
asian
international
LGBQ

72
Q

Who is the most active age group among adults

A

18-24 year olds

73
Q

increase in proportion of “light” MET jobs
decrease in moderate MET jobs
increase in sedentary jobs

A

Occupational Trends in PA

74
Q

What are some changes in transportation and auto dependence

A

vehicles per liscenced driver has increased

daily vehicle miles per capita has increased

75
Q

PA Trends in the last 50 years

A 
leisure time PA increase
work related PA decrease
transportation decrease
activity in home decrease
sedentary activity increase
76
Q

What is a dose response?

A

the amount of physical activity or exercise that is necessary to achieve a specific outcome, based on FITT guidelines

77
Q

First PA Recommendations in 1961

A

were made to prevent heart disease

78
Q

Human Services PA Guidelines

A

150 min of moderate aerobic work or 75 min of vigorous work in 10 minute bouts AND muscle strength training 2 days per week with sets between 8-12 reps

79
Q

Moderate intensity in METs

80
Q

Vigorous intensity in MET

81
Q

Recommendations for children and adolescent PA

A

60+ min of daily activity
vigorous activity 2 days/ week
strength
bone strengthening

82
Q

Recommendations for older adult PA

A

same guidelines as for adults
improve balance
progress slowly

83
Q

Recommendations for pregnant women PA

A

Continue with regular guidelines

84
Q

Recommendations for people with disabilities PA

A

same guidelines as adults

be as active as conditions allow

Physical Activity (3 decks)

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