Test 1 Flashcards
What three pulses can be found in the lower extremities?
Popliteal: behind the knee
Posterior Tibial: posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus
Dorsal Pedis: Lateral to the tendon
Vertebral level of mastoid process
C1
Vertebral level of vertebral prominens
C7
Vertebral level of Inferior angle of scapula
T7
Vertebral level of spine of scapula
T3
Vertebral level of iliac crest
L4
Vertebral level of umbilicus
L4
Vertebral level of jugular notch
T2
In what positions is the patient examined in the standard exam?
5 positions:
Standing, walking, seated, prone, supine
Define antalgic
avoiding pain
What are the things you should look for while analyzing gait?
Time spent on legs Arm swing Trunk rotation Trunk sidebending Stride length Knee varus/valgus Leg internal/external rotation Foot pronation/supination
What does the standing flexion test do?
Tests the motion of the ilium on the sacrum.
A positive result is having one PSIS move up more than another. To ensure a correct test, level the PSIS’s before starting by placing shims under the feet.
What is a normal range of motion for lumbar flexion/extension?
Flexion: 70-90 degrees
Extension: 30-45 degrees
What is the seated flexion test?
Doctor has hands on the PSIS and monitors motion while seated patient leans forward.
Tests motion of the sacrum on the ilium.
Positive is motion of one ilium more than one finger width superior than the other.
The side that rises has the issues.
What are normal ranges of motion for the cervical spine?
Flexion: 45 deg
Extension: 90 deg
Sidebending: 35-45 deg each way
Rotation: 80-90 deg each way
What is the normal rotational range for the thoracic+lumbar region?
~90 degrees
What does TART stand for?
Tissue texture changes
Asymmetry
Restriction of motion
Tenderness to palpation
Describe a Type 1 somatic dysfunction.
Group dysfunction Neutral (not flexed or extended) Rotation and sidebending occur on opposite sides Side bending named first in nomenclature Example: T4-T9SlRr
Describe Type 2 somatic dysfunction.
Single vertebra
Segment is either flexed or extended
Name for flexed or extended based on when the pothole or speed bump go away. (Where it likes to go).
Rotation and sidebending occur to the same side.
Example: T6 FRSr
How to tell the difference between C7 and T1 vertebrae.
C7 moves and T1 does not during neck flexion.
Describe the rule of threes for the thoracic vertebrae spinous processes.
T1-T3: Spinous processes are at the same level as their transverse processes
T4-T6: Spinous processes 1/2 vertebra below their transverse processes
T7-T9: Spinous process are 1 vertebra below their transverse processes
T10-T12: Spinous processes slowly come back up until the T12 is like the L1 vertebra
Basic steps for diagnosing a somatic dysfunction.
Feel down the back for potholes/speedbumps
Push on the transverse processes to see which direction it likes to go
Flex and extend and see where it gets better
Using the rotational and flex/extend information, name the dysfunction using Fryette’s principles
Name the dysfunction if the right transverse process protrudes, and left transverse process is easier to push in, and it gets worse in flexion and extension.
Best in neutral, so Type 1 dysfunction
Must be a group dysfunction
Rotation and side bending are opposite
Example name: T4-T6 NSlRr
Name the dysfunction if t6 is rotated left and gets better in flexion.
T6 FRSl
