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OMM > Cervical Dx > Flashcards

Cervical Dx Flashcards

1
Q

Part of skull that contacts atlas

A

Occipital condyles

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2
Q

Primary motion of OA joint

A

Flexion/extension

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3
Q

Which part of the atlas contacts the dens?

A

The anterior arch

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4
Q

AA joint primary motion

A

Rotation

Accounts for 50% of cervical rotation

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5
Q

Why is the transverse ligament so important and what compromises its integrity?

A

It prevents damage to the spinal cord if the atlas were to slide anteriorly on the axis.
Rheumatoid arthritis, down’s syndrome, traumatic injuries such as fractures weaken this ligament.

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6
Q

Three parts of the cruciate ligament

A

Superior and inferior longitudinal band

Transverse ligament of the atlas

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7
Q

Fancy name for the dens

A

Odontoid process

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8
Q

Ligaments that connect the odontoid process to the occipital condyles

A

Alar ligaments

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9
Q

C1/C2 have ______ vertebral bodies and ______ motion.

A

Atypical bodies and atypical motion

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10
Q

Motion restricted by uncinate processes or joints of Luschka.

A

These u-shaped joints restrict sidebending in the cervical spine

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11
Q

Ligaments that stabilize the C-Spine

A 
anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
interspinous ligaments
supraspinous ligaments
alar ligaments
ligamentum nuchae
Ligamentum Flava
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12
Q

Features of posterior longitudinal ligament

A

runs from tectorial membrane (occipital axial ligament) at base of skull to each vertebrae and to the sacrum
runs down the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies
is wider near the skull and narrower inferiorly which makes it more susceptible to herniation

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13
Q

Nerves of cervical spine

A

There are 8 nerves of the cervical spine
Exit above the vertebra they are named after except for C8

Brachial plexus: C5-T1, innervates Upper Middle & Lower trunk and arms? Names after relationships to the axillary artery (lateral, posterior, medial) Becomes 5 main nerves: Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar

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14
Q

innervation of trapezius

A

CN 11 (accessory nerve)

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15
Q

Origin/insertion of levator scapulae

A

transverse processes of C1-C4

superior angle of scapula

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16
Q

What are the prime muscles for the extension of the head?

A

Semispinalis capitis and cervicis

Capitis is the round muscle that can be palpated

17
Q

Scalene muscles

A

Connect ribs to the lateral tubercles of the cervical spine C3-C5.
Anterior and Middle attach to the first rib
Posterior attaches to 2nd rib
Stabilize the neck, sidebend ipsilaterally, raise the ribs for respiration

18
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Flexes and rotates head
Attaches to mastoid process and has two other heads at sternum and clavicle
Innervated by accessory nerve
Contralateral rotation

19
Q

Normal ranges of motion for C-Spine

A

Flexion/Extension: 130 degrees
Sidebending: 35 degrees each way
Rotation: 80-90 degrees each way

20
Q

With active ROM tests, what difference will be observed between acute and chronic problems?

A

Acute: patient shows little accommodation
Chronic: patient has found comfortable way to complete motion without full ROM

21
Q

Define radiculopathy

A

It is a neuropathy (damaged nerve that does not work properly) and is more specific to the root of the nerve

22
Q

When should you be extra careful with passive motion testing?

A

History of:

trauma, fall, sports injury, tumor, radiculopathy

23
Q

Define thrombosis

A

Localized coagulation or clotting of blood

24
Q

Vertebral arteries combine to form ______?

A

Basilar artery

25
Q

Define dysarthria

A

Difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal

26
Q

Symptoms of Vertebral-Basilar artery problems

A 
Malaise and Nausea
Vomiting
Dizziness/Vertigo
Incoordination
Visual disturbance
Severe head aches
Dysarthria
27
Q

Which usually has greater ROM, active or passive motion?

A

Passive motion where the physician does the motion

28
Q

Describe the motion of C0/C1 and C1/C2

A

C0/C1 (O/A) rotate and sidebend in opposite directions

C1/C2 (A/A) only rotation

29
Q

Describe motion of C2-C7

A

Rotate and sidebend in same direction, which is typical motion

30
Q

Naming of disfunctions in C-spine

A

O/A: rotate and side bend in opposite directions, name like type 1 disfunction with sidebending first

A/A: Rotation only

C2-C7: typical, rotate/sidebend in same direction, rotation first

31
Q

Fryette’s principles

A

1: Group curve, neutral, sidebending and rotation in opposite directions, GINO (Group, One, Neutral, Opposite), Sidebending first

32
Q

What is the main motion of C2-C4 and C5-C7 vertebrae?

A

C2-C4: Rotation

C5-C7: Sidebending

OMM (5 decks)

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