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Forensic Psychology Test 1 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Forensic Psychology

A

Any application of Psychological Research methods, theory, and practice to a task faced by the legal system

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2
Q

Role of a forensic psychologist when testifying in a trial

A

to use the results of their assessment to help or to educate the court, without regard to the potential benefit to the examinee

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3
Q

Fact Witness

A

facts about the case, victim, witnessed case, knowledge about similar cases, interviewed victim

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4
Q

Expert Witness

A

forensic psychologist, interviewing and testing people

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5
Q

Voir Dire

A

“to speak the truth” – the process is mandated by both federal and state statutes – used to uncover biases

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6
Q

Civil Punishment

A

o Punishment for the responsible party is having to pay monetary award to the injured party

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7
Q

Criminal Punishment

A

Those found guilty will be deprived of freedom

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8
Q

What is a mediator and who can serve the role

A
  • Helps to resolve legal disputes to prevent a trial (personal injury cases, town zoning matters, claims of age discrimination, child custody)
  • Psychologists and Attorneys can be mediators
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9
Q

Various roles a forensic psychologist can have

A
  • Consultant to law enforcement and other high risk occupations
  • Evaluator and expert witness
  • Educator and researcher
  • mediator in settling legal disputes
  • Trial consultant/assist with jury selection
  • Consultant to judges
  • Advisor to legislators on public policy
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10
Q

Who founded forensic psychology

A

Hugo Munsterberg

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11
Q

What are the various subfields of psychology in whciha forensic psychologist can be trained

A

o Clinical psychologists
o Social psychologists
o Experimental psychologists
o Developmental psychologists

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12
Q

Brown V. Board of Education

A

o Stated that school segregation was illegal

o The appendix to the case was prepared by 3 psychologists and was based on social science research

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13
Q

Diplomate status

A

indicates that the recipient is at the highest level of excellence in his or her field

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14
Q

Primary purpose to have a forensic psychologist testify in court

A

Evaluation of the suspect for witness testimony

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15
Q

How does psychology interact from those in the field of law when carrying out their profession

A

• Law is concerned with morality , social values, and social control

o Our laws reflect our values
o Values change (marital rape) leading to new laws
o The law justifies the application of abstract
principles to specific cases
o What can be proved in court

• Psychology deals with knowledge and truth, which are thought to be value-free
o We often look for reproducible phenomena and causes
o Psychology derives abstract principles from specific instances
o We espouse the empirical approach
We make changes based on scientific merit

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16
Q

Amicus brief

A

a letter sent to the court by a third party that is unrelated to the current lawsuit but have something to gain or lose based on the outcome of the trial

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17
Q

Difference between civil and criminal cases

A

Judicial system operates on the principle that those who have committed a wrong should be punished
• Civil:
o Punishment for the responsible party is having to pay monetary award to the injured party
o Could result in loss of custody
o Could result in guardianship
Ex: if you can’t take care of yourself or are a danger to yourself, someone may be assigned to be your caregiver
• Criminal
o Those found guilty will be deprived of freedom

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18
Q

What is the controversy over how forensic psychology is designated as a separate field within psychology

A

o Is erroneously considered by many as a subspecialty of clinical
•Is its own subfield equal to clinical, behavioral, social etc.

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19
Q

Why might an examinee in a forensic assessment give a distorted picture of his/her functioning

A
  • Custody – attempt to look virtuous
  • Personal injury – distort responses to appear more damaged than is the case
  • Criminal – may appear more emotionally disturbed to avoid a trial, culpability, or a death sentence
20
Q

What does the empirical approach mean in Psychology

A

We make changes based on scientific merit

21
Q

Ecological Validity

A

Dissimilarities between research and the real world

22
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency over time

23
Q

Validity

A

Does it measure what it is supposed to measure

24
Q

Purpose of the first forensic evaluations for those in high risk occupations

A

• May not identify all applicants who have or will develop psychological problems but may determine those at higher risk

25
Q

When are preemployment screens and fitness for duty assessments conducted

A

**Preemployment screens are conducted before an individual gets hired

**FFD’s are typically occurs after an employee has engaged in some behavior or communication that has raised concern about his or her psychological suitability to perform job duties, or about risk of harm to self or others in the workplace

26
Q

Who is the client for a forensic psychologist

A

The employing agency NOT the applicant

27
Q

What assessment methods are best to use for high risk occupations

A

• PAI - Personality Assessment Inventory
o Correlates higher with anger control problems, illicit drug use, and psychological suitability ratings

• IPI - Inwald Personality Inventory
o Has predictive validity for termination, lateness, absence, disciplinary action, injuries, leadership potential, supervisor’s ratings, and overall performance

28
Q

Potential outcomes of suitability analysis for high-risk occupations

A

o Suitable
No significant pathology and no or few areas of concern were noted

o Marginally suitable
No significant pathology; one or more concerns were noted but doesn’t justify exclusion

o Unsuitable
Significant pathology/behavioral problems; multiple areas of concern noted

29
Q

Why might a person in a high risk occupation not be suitable for continuing employment after a work related incident

A

o Risk of harm to self or others in the workplace
o When problems (psychological, psychiatric, or substance use [or symptoms of these]) interfere with ability to perform essential functions of the job

30
Q

Why might a memory for an event change over time

A

• The process of recollection is reconstructive

o Sources of information used to reconstruct memory are not only from the event but from postevent information

*In some cases mere imagination can make people believe they witnessed or experienced an event that did not happen

31
Q

How often were false memories created in the college study about being hospitalized during childhood

A

20-25%

32
Q

How have false memories been created in psychological research

A

o Having participants imagine a scenario that never happened
**Misinforming the client

33
Q

Direct evidence

A

Eyewitness account

34
Q

Indirect Evidence

A

Fingerprints, DNA, fibers etc.

35
Q

What is the most likely way in which a wrongful conviction is overturned

A

DNA

36
Q

Are violent or nonviolent events more likely to be remembered

A

Nonviolent

37
Q

Sequential lineup

A

Making witness view each person in the lineup one at a time before going on to the next person

38
Q

Simultaneous lineup

A

All members are present at once

39
Q

Relative judgement conceptualization

A

Eyewitnesses tend to identify the person from a lineup who most closely resembles the eyewitness’s memory of the perpetrator, relative to the other members of the lineup.

Often results in wrongful convictions.

40
Q

How does giving feedback to an eyewitness after participating in a lineup influence him or her

A

witnesses feel pressured to give the “right answer” – seek confirmation from officer (can come from asking same question more than once)

41
Q

What does postevent viewing of a suspect’s likeness do to an eyewitness

A

Enhanced familiarity can lead to false identification of the suspect as the person who committed the crime

Postevent information, particularly if it is misleading, can also alter recollections of other details about key events

42
Q

How often is DNA left at a crime scene

A

Rarely, it is mainly used in rape cases

43
Q

What are recovered memories

A

• Memories that were repressed and remembered at a later time

44
Q

CRA

A

Civil Rights Act

• Was adopted to prevent discrimination in employment based on race, gender, or creed

45
Q

ADA

A

o The American with Disabilities Act

Federal statue to prevent discrimination in employment based on applicant’s physical or mental disability

States that the candidate must be able to perform the essential functions of the job with or without reasonable accommodation

Forensic Psychology Test 1 (4 decks)

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