Test 1 Flashcards
What type of stroke result when blood vessels rupture, causing leakage of blood in or around the brain?
Hemorrhagic stroke
What type of stroke results when a clot blocks or impairs blood flow, depriving the brain of essential oxygen and nutrients?
Ischemic stroke
How long must neurological deficits persist to be classified as a stroke?
24 hours
What type of stroke is a result of a thrombus, embolism, or condition that produces low systemic perfusion pressure?
Ischemic stroke
TIA define
Transient ischemic attack refers to the temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain.
Symptoms do not last longer than 24 hours
Paresis or paralysis define
Decreased voluntary motor unit recruitment
Where does explicit learning occur?
Medial lobe areas and hippocampus
What theory of motor control includes central pattern generators and rhythmic pattern generators?
Motor programming theory
What motor control theory includes degrees of freedom and synergies?
Systems theory
What motor control theory explains that when a new movement emerges it is due to critical change in one of the systems called a control parameter?
Dynamic action theory
What is a dermatome?
Area of skin innervated by a single posterior root
What is a myotome?
A group of muscles innervated by a single anterior root
What is white matter made up of?
Axons
UMNs originate in the cortex and synapses with…
LMN in the spinal cord
What type of motor neurons directly command muscle contraction?
LMN
Is the cauda equina an upper motor neuron or lower motor neuron?
LMN
What is an increased reflex indicative of?
UMN lesion
What is a decreased reflex indicative of ?
LMN lesion
What is the dorsal column medial lemniscus responsible for?
Proprioception and discriminative touch
What is the anterolateral spinothalamic tract responsive for .
Pain and temp contralaterally
What does the ACA supply?
Cortex (anterior-medial surface)
Anterior medial surface frontal and parietal
What does the MCA supply?
Cortex superior to sylvian fissure Internal capsule Globes pallid us Putamen Caudate
What does the PCA supply?
Midbrain
Occipital lobe
Portions of medial and inferior temporal lobe
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
Memory formation Emotions Decision making/reasoning Personality Movement
Broca’s area is in what lobe?
Frontal lobe
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Senses and integrate sensation
Spatial awareness and proprioception
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Processing, integration,interpretation of visional and visual stimuli
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Hearing
Organization/ comprehension of language
Information retrieval (memory)
What lobe is wernikes area in
Temporal
What lobe is the hippocampus in
Temporal
Damage to what area of the brain would cause prosopahnosia?
Infrotemporal cortex
What artery supplies the thalamus?
PCA
What artery supplies the basal ganglia?
ACA
A stroke in what artery may present with difficulty with divergent thinking and urinary incontinence?
ACA
With a stroke in the MCA where would you expect greater motor and sensory deficits? UE or LE.
Face and UE impaired greater than LE
Stroke in what artery may lead to cortical blindness or lack of depth perception?
PCA
A stroke in what artery may cause difficulty with spatial relationships, neglect if non langue dominated hemisphere impaired
MCA
Lesion to the thalamus interrupts what pathways
Ascending pathways
What artery supplies the thalamus?
PCA
What artery supplies the internal capsule?
MCA
The axons of what tract synapses with crainal nerve nuclei in the brain stem?
Corticalbulbar
Corticospinal tract
Descending motor
Spinothalamic tract
Ascending pain and temp
Dorsal column/medial lemniscus
Ascending somatosensory and conscious proprioception
Spinocerebellar tract
Ascending unconscious proprioception
How would a patient with a left sided stroke typically present?
Right sided weakness Right sided sensory deficits Speech and language deficits Slow cautious behavioral style Memory deficits
How would a pt with a right sided stroke typically present .
Left sided weakness Left sided sensory deficits Spatial perceptual deficits Quick impulsive behavioral style Memory deficits
Global aphasia is seen with occlusion to what artery.
MCA
Motor speech impairment and receptive speech impairment is seen with occlusion of what artery.
MCA
In what syndrome can a pt not move or speak but remains alert and oriented with consciousness and sensation spared.
Complete basilar artery syndrome
Occlusion of basilar artery
“Locked” in syndrome
If a pt neglects one side what do you do?
Encourage a family member to sit on that side to further increase the pts awareness
Damage to the hippocampus would result in what?
The inability to form new explicit memories, but ability to remember the skills of implicit memories
