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Neuromuscular > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What type of stroke result when blood vessels rupture, causing leakage of blood in or around the brain?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

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1
Q

What type of stroke results when a clot blocks or impairs blood flow, depriving the brain of essential oxygen and nutrients?

A

Ischemic stroke

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2
Q

How long must neurological deficits persist to be classified as a stroke?

A

24 hours

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3
Q

What type of stroke is a result of a thrombus, embolism, or condition that produces low systemic perfusion pressure?

A

Ischemic stroke

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4
Q

TIA define

A

Transient ischemic attack refers to the temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain.
Symptoms do not last longer than 24 hours

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5
Q

Paresis or paralysis define

A

Decreased voluntary motor unit recruitment

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6
Q

Where does explicit learning occur?

A

Medial lobe areas and hippocampus

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7
Q

What theory of motor control includes central pattern generators and rhythmic pattern generators?

A

Motor programming theory

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8
Q

What motor control theory includes degrees of freedom and synergies?

A

Systems theory

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9
Q

What motor control theory explains that when a new movement emerges it is due to critical change in one of the systems called a control parameter?

A

Dynamic action theory

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10
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area of skin innervated by a single posterior root

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11
Q

What is a myotome?

A

A group of muscles innervated by a single anterior root

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12
Q

What is white matter made up of?

A

Axons

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13
Q

UMNs originate in the cortex and synapses with…

A

LMN in the spinal cord

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14
Q

What type of motor neurons directly command muscle contraction?

A

LMN

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15
Q

Is the cauda equina an upper motor neuron or lower motor neuron?

A

LMN

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16
Q

What is an increased reflex indicative of?

A

UMN lesion

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17
Q

What is a decreased reflex indicative of ?

A

LMN lesion

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18
Q

What is the dorsal column medial lemniscus responsible for?

A

Proprioception and discriminative touch

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19
Q

What is the anterolateral spinothalamic tract responsive for .

A

Pain and temp contralaterally

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20
Q

What does the ACA supply?

A

Cortex (anterior-medial surface)

Anterior medial surface frontal and parietal

21
Q

What does the MCA supply?

A 
Cortex superior to sylvian fissure
Internal capsule
Globes pallid us
Putamen
Caudate
22
Q

What does the PCA supply?

A

Midbrain
Occipital lobe
Portions of medial and inferior temporal lobe

23
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

A 
Memory formation
Emotions
Decision making/reasoning
Personality
Movement
24
Q

Broca’s area is in what lobe?

A

Frontal lobe

25
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Senses and integrate sensation

Spatial awareness and proprioception

26
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Processing, integration,interpretation of visional and visual stimuli

27
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing
Organization/ comprehension of language
Information retrieval (memory)

28
Q

What lobe is wernikes area in

A

Temporal

29
Q

What lobe is the hippocampus in

A

Temporal

30
Q

Damage to what area of the brain would cause prosopahnosia?

A

Infrotemporal cortex

31
Q

What artery supplies the thalamus?

A

PCA

32
Q

What artery supplies the basal ganglia?

A

ACA

33
Q

A stroke in what artery may present with difficulty with divergent thinking and urinary incontinence?

A

ACA

34
Q

With a stroke in the MCA where would you expect greater motor and sensory deficits? UE or LE.

A

Face and UE impaired greater than LE

35
Q

Stroke in what artery may lead to cortical blindness or lack of depth perception?

A

PCA

36
Q

A stroke in what artery may cause difficulty with spatial relationships, neglect if non langue dominated hemisphere impaired

A

MCA

37
Q

Lesion to the thalamus interrupts what pathways

A

Ascending pathways

38
Q

What artery supplies the thalamus?

A

PCA

39
Q

What artery supplies the internal capsule?

A

MCA

40
Q

The axons of what tract synapses with crainal nerve nuclei in the brain stem?

A

Corticalbulbar

41
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

Descending motor

42
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Ascending pain and temp

43
Q

Dorsal column/medial lemniscus

A

Ascending somatosensory and conscious proprioception

44
Q

Spinocerebellar tract

A

Ascending unconscious proprioception

45
Q

How would a patient with a left sided stroke typically present?

A 
Right sided weakness
Right sided sensory deficits
Speech and language deficits
Slow cautious behavioral style
Memory deficits
46
Q

How would a pt with a right sided stroke typically present .

A 
Left sided weakness
Left sided sensory deficits
Spatial perceptual deficits
Quick impulsive behavioral style
Memory deficits
47
Q

Global aphasia is seen with occlusion to what artery.

A

MCA

48
Q

Motor speech impairment and receptive speech impairment is seen with occlusion of what artery.

A

MCA

49
Q

In what syndrome can a pt not move or speak but remains alert and oriented with consciousness and sensation spared.

A

Complete basilar artery syndrome
Occlusion of basilar artery
“Locked” in syndrome

50
Q

If a pt neglects one side what do you do?

A

Encourage a family member to sit on that side to further increase the pts awareness

51
Q

Damage to the hippocampus would result in what?

A

The inability to form new explicit memories, but ability to remember the skills of implicit memories

Neuromuscular (6 decks)

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