Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Midline (vermis) of cerebellum
Proximal coordination
3 areas of brainstem
Pons
Midbrain
Medulla
Lateral hemispheres of cerebellum
Distal coordination
Where does the spinal cord end at?
L1-L2 conus medullaris
Where is the cauda equina
L2-L5
What would through the subdural space if there is a torn bridging vein in the dura mater
Venous return blood
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)direction of flow in ventricular system
Lateral ventricles (2) Threw Interventricular foramen of Monro (2) Into Third ventricle (1) ▪threw Cerebral aqueduct (1) Into Fourth ventricle (1) ▪threw 3 foramen Into Subarachnoid space (SAS)
What is the name of the primary efferent track in the SC?
Lateral cortical spinal tract
What cells in the CNS give rise to this efferent track?
Pyramidal
Thalamus Infarcts usually affect Only…
Pain and touch
Neural aspects of force production reflect…
Number of motor units
Type of units recruited
Discharge frequency
What Results from lesion w/in descending motor pathways which interferes with central excitatory drive to motor units
Paresis
dyskinesia define
Involuntary movement
Anosognosia define
denial of presence/severity of one’s paralysis (non dominant parietal lobe)
What artery supplies blood to the mid brain?
Posterior cerebral artery
Broca’s area is in which lobe
Frontal lobe
What is Broca’s area responsible for?
Planning movement of mouth during speech and grammatical aspects of language
What lobe of the brain is responsible for proprioception .
Parietal lobe
What lobe of the brain is responsible for retrieving memories?
Temporal lobe
What lobe is responsible for hearing?
Temporal lobe
Where is wernickes area located
Temporal lobe
Define prosopagnosia
Inability to recognize the faces of familiar people, typically as a result of damage to temporal lobe (infrotemporal cortex)
What connects Broca’s and wernickes areas?
Arcuate fasciculus
Which has longer axons pyramidal or non pyramidal?
Pyramidal
Non pyramidal dont travel as far
What are the 3 sub cortical structures
Limbic system
Hippocampus
Thalamus
What is the cortical gray matter made up of?
Cell bodies
What part of the brain is responsible for homeostasis?
Hypothalamus
What part of the brain is responsible for motor control?
Basal ganglia
What part of the brain is responsible for sensory, motor, and consciousness?
Thalamus
What part of the brain is responsible for motor learning?
Cerebellum
Dysdiadochokinesia define
Inability to perform rapid alternating movements
Dysmetria define
Lack of coordination of movement seem with under shooting over overshooting position
Nystagmus define
Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes
If there blood in CSF what is that indicative up
Aneurysm rupture
Apraxia define
Inability to execute learned purposeful movement
But have the desire to and physically can
Pt presents with confusion between left and right, cant name fingers, and writing difficulty although motor and sensory functions of hands normal.
Most likely diagnosis
Lesion in left angular gyrus
What is angular gyrus responsible for?
Spatial cognition
What is the primary afferent tracts?
Anterior spinothalamic (pain, temp, crude touch) Dorsal column/medial lemniscus (dull touch, proprioception)
Athetoid and chorea is seen with what basal ganglia pathology?
Hunting tons
Define dystonia
Sustained contraction
Rigidity define
Increased muscle tone
Impairments to what present with movement trajectories that are uneven and not bell shaped
Motor cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia
Dysmeteria is seen in patients with problems where
Cerebellar and basal ganglia
Choreiform movements result from lesions to what
Basal ganglia
Describe athetoid movements
Slow, involuntary writhing and twisting, usually UE>LE, neck, and tongue
Weakness is seen with damage to what four areas
Primary motor cortex
Cortical spinal tract
Alpha motor neurons
Muscle
Weakness from disuse is seen with damage to where?
Premotor region
Supplemental motor region
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
