Test 1 & 2 Chapters 1 - 13

Question 0

Active Trigger Point

Answer 0

MTP that produces pain w/o digital compression, is tender, produces referred pain w/ or w/o ischemic compression Impedes flexibility, produces weakness, may elicit local twitch response w/ compression

Question 1

Latent TP @ Chronic Stage

Answer 1

an Active TP that was never treated or was improperly treated may become this

Question 2

A central TP is closely associated with this and located near the center of the muscle fibers

Answer 2

Dysfunctional endplates

Question 3

TP that may develop in same muscle as main TP, in other muscles w/in the referred pain pattern & usually resolves once the main TP releases

Answer 3

Satellite TP

Question 4

——— TP @ the musculo-tendinous junction or @ osseous attachment of the muscle that identifies the enthesopathy caused by unrelieved tension characteristic of the taut band that is produced by a ——- TP

Answer 4

Attachment & Central

Question 5

TP that is usually w/o causing any spontaneous pain

Answer 5

Latent TP

Question 6

Important component in assessment/evaluation of trigger point myo-fascial syndrome, especially w/ decision to make regarding appropriate muscle to treat

Answer 6

Biomechanics of the injury

Question 7

1st component to be identified during assessment and evaluation for client w/ MTP syndrome

Answer 7

direction of external force applied

Question 8

Causes of micro-trauma are

Answer 8

1) postural & skeletal asymmetries 2) Faulty posture 3) Habitually biomechanically poor body positions 4) Stressed body positions over prolonged time

Question 9

3 essential steps used to determine the best course of treatment for client

Answer 9

Essential Criteria Confirmatory Criteria Myofascial assessment & evaluation

Question 10

4 step process for essential criteria

Answer 10

1) Palpable taut band 2) Exquisite spot tenderness of a nodule in a taut band 3) Patient pain recognition 4) Painful range of motion at the end of range

Question 11

2 step process for confirmatory criteria

Answer 11

Local Twitch response (LTR) Referred Pain Pattern (RPP)

Question 12

1st step in myofascial assessment process

Answer 12

Take a history. Look for sudden onset from acute injury, trauma, overload stress, or gradual onset with chronic overload, microinjury, microtrauma, repetitive trauma.

Question 13

Local twitch response can be identified by what

Answer 13

snapping palpation across taut band especially across fibers of the trigger point & active locus

Question 14

Painful range of motion at the end of range.

Answer 14

common characteristic of MTP - Pain at attachments or muscle belly may be present during end of range of motion.

Question 15

Modality w/in scope of massage beneficial in treatment of MTP syndrome

Answer 15

hot packs

Question 16

progressive pressure technique requires use of hands or fingers & can be applied in these 2 forms of palpation

Answer 16

Flat & Pincer

Question 17

Clinician should always be guided by these during Progressive Pressure Technique

Answer 17

Pain tolerance of client & Feedback

Question 18

Key to treating trigger points is to

Answer 18

lengthen muscles fibers that are shortened by TP

Question 19

Factors contributing to dysfunction or continued/prolonged condition

Answer 19

1) abnormal body positions 2) postural positions 3) skeletal asymmetries 4) activities that increase mechanical stresses

Question 20

Effective TP therapy must always be followed by

Answer 20

Myofascial stretching exercises (MFS)

Question 21

authors of Trigger Point Manual & authorities on TP therapy

Answer 21

Travell & Simons

Question 22

Definition of acupuncture point

Answer 22

Precise points along meridians as defined by Chinese medicine

Question 23

surrounds each muscle fiber, tendon, bone, nerve & vessel in body

Answer 23

connective fascial tissue

Question 24

Role of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 24

Store Ca2+ necessary for muscle contraction

Question 25

considered functional unit of motor nervous system

Answer 25

motor neuron

Question 26

4 components of motor unit

Answer 26

1) cell body of motoneuron 2) its axon 3) end plates 4) muscle fibers

Question 27

4 hypotheses regarding pathogenesis & pathophysiology of MTP

Answer 27

muscle spindle hypothesis neuropathic process scar tissue dysfunctional end plates w/ energy crisis

Question 28

Sliding filament theory describes muscle contraction as:

Answer 28

adjacent thick & thin filaments slide past each other propelled by cyclical interactions b/w myosin & actin of adjacent thin filaments

Question 29

3 causes of micro trauma

Answer 29

over-stretching overloading over-shortening

Question 30

chemical used as energy for muscle contraction

Answer 30

ACH

Question 31

Symptoms associated w/ MTP b/c of nociceptive substances

Answer 31

referred pain occasional pain burning sensation tenderness of involved muscle

Question 32

T/F Pain is fear #1 reason people visit Dr, power to affect 4 domains of physical, emotional, mental & social

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Skeletal muscle = what % of total body weight

Answer 33

40%

Question 34

components of successful appropriate accurate treatment

Answer 34

treatment on consistent basis method of treatment hand placement position of myofascial stretching & degree of stretching

Question 35

Responsible for contributions to principles regarding imbalances & alternate treatment for MTP such as post-isometric relaxation technique.

Answer 35

Janda & Lewit

Question 36

MTP can be found where

Answer 36

anywhere w/in muscle belly - pathological mechanism resides in dysfunctional endplates

Question 37

protein of on/off switch in muscle contraction

Answer 37

troponin

Question 38

micro-trauma can be result of

Answer 38

repetitive movement high-velocity movement stress positions

Question 39

Result of free floating Ca2+ in vicinity of injury

Answer 39

sarcoplasmic reticulum rupture & continuous muscle contraction results

Question 40

Substances that can sensitize muscle nociceptors, cause pain, severe hypoxia and tissue energy crisis

Answer 40

Bradykinins Prostalandins Histamines