Final Exam Flashcards
Latent TP @ Chronic Stage
an Active TP that was never treated or was improperly treated may become this
Active Trigger Point
MTP that produces pain w/o digital compression, is tender, produces referred pain w/ or w/o ischemic compression Impedes flexibility, produces weakness, may elicit local twitch response w/ compression
A central TP is closely associated with this and located near the center of the muscle fibers
Dysfunctional endplates
TP that may develop in same muscle as main TP, in other muscles w/in the referred pain pattern & usually resolves once the main TP releases
Satellite TP
——— TP @ the musculo-tendinous junction or @ osseous attachment of the muscle that identifies the enthesopathy caused by unrelieved tension characteristic of the taut band that is produced by a ——- TP
Attachment & Central
TP that is usually w/o causing any spontaneous pain
Latent TP
Painful range of motion at the end of range.
common characteristic of MTP - Pain at attachments or muscle belly may be present during end of range of motion.
authors of Trigger Point Manual & authorities on TP therapy
Travell & Simons
Role of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Store Ca2+ necessary for muscle contraction
considered functional unit of motor nervous system
motor neuron
4 components of motor unit
1) cell body of motoneuron 2) its axon 3) end plates 4) muscle fibers
4 hypotheses regarding pathogenesis & pathophysiology of MTP
muscle spindle hypothesis neuropathic process scar tissue dysfunctional end plates w/ energy crisis
Sliding filament theory describes muscle contraction as:
adjacent thick & thin filaments slide past each other propelled by cyclical interactions b/w myosin & actin of adjacent thin filaments
3 causes of micro trauma
over-stretching overloading over-shortening
chemical used as energy for muscle contraction
ACH
Symptoms associated w/ MTP b/c of nociceptive substances
referred pain occasional pain burning sensation tenderness of involved muscle
Definition of acupuncture point
Precise points along meridians as defined by Chinese medicine
surrounds each muscle fiber, tendon, bone, nerve & vessel in body
connective fascial tissue
Local depolarization of muscle membrane of myofascially involved fibers
LTR - local twitch response
Mechanical pain in joint during myofascial stretching
PSS - positive stretch sign
RPP - Referred pain pattern
activation of trigger point that projects pain to a distant reference zone
TMJ
temporal mandibular joint
Heads & trigger points of SCM
2 heads & 4 trigger points
What do you need to do to treat the Longus Colli
displace the trachea laterally
RPP for Upper Trapezius
up towards the neck and head
3 things to do when treat the TMJ
- Assess their movement - Wear gloves to work inside mouth - Always flush after treatment
Myofascial stretch for Upper Trapezius
flex the neck, side bending to the opposite side, rotation to the ipsilateral (same) side *All of the above
RPP for Scalene
None of above (actually is neck, pectoral region, border of scapula, front & back of arm, radial surface of forearm, index finger & thumb)
Myofascial stretch for Subocciptal muscles
chin tuck followed by cervical traction
Travel & Simmons definition of trigger points
hyper-irritable spot in skeletal muscle associated w/ hypersensitive palpable nodule in taut band. Spot painful on compression & can give referred pain, referred tenderness, motor dysfunction & autonomic phenomena.
Origin & Insertion for Pectoralis minor
Origin - Anterior surface of 3-5 ribs Insertion - Coracoid process of scapula
The consequences of body’s fight against gravity
Muscle microtrauma and trigger points
Pain referral pattern for Flexor Carpi Radialis
Radial and anterior surface of wrist
muscles associated with trigger thumb
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Adductor Pollicis Brevis Flexor Pollicis Brevis Opponens Pollicis
5 classifications of myo-fascial TP
Active Latent Satellite Central Attachment
definition of patient pain recognition
digital ischemic compression on tender nodule that may produce the patients pain symptom
Micro-trauma & MTP syndrome caused by what situations
faulty posture postural & skeletal asymmetries poor body mechanics stressed body positions over prolonged period of time
Origin & Insertion of rectus abdominus
O: Pubic crest & ligament in front of pubic symphysis I: Xiphoid process & over the costal margin of 7th - 5th cartilages
RPP of diaphragm
chest pain, dyspnea, inability to get full breath & low back pain
biomechanics of injury for diaphragm
prolonged shallow breathing, constant coughing
Origin of Quadratus Lumborum
Iliolumbar ligament adjacent part of iliac crest & inferior 2-4 lumbar transverse processes
muscle commonly confused w/ pain pattern of Quadratus Lumborum & can mimic sciatic pain - distinguishing characteristic is of anterior rotation of ilium
Iliopsoas
patient w/ difficulty extending left hip and pain on adduction and external rotation w/ sacroiliac pain and tenderness to palpation along IT band - what muscle is dysfunctional
tensor fascial latae
Rhomboid muscle are often major complaint because
phasic muscles and are stretched for long periods of time
term best describes adduction of limb
towards midline of body
2 muscles make up iliopsoas group
Psoas major & Iliacus
Muscle affected through sports like tennis & golf
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
