Test 1 Flashcards
what are the three major compounds found in cells
lipids, carbs, proteins
what are lipids composed of
C, H, O
what are lipids produced for
protection and storing extra energy (seal!)
are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophillic
hydrophobic
how are lipids named
number of fatty acids attached to glycerol: mono/di/triglycerides
what are carbs made of
C, H, and O
what are carbs a primary source of
energy (pasta loading)
how are carbs named
number of simple sugars : mono, di, polysaccharide
what are the three simple sugars
glucose, galactose, fructose
what are proteins made of
C, H, O, and N (nitrogen to form amino acids)
what are amino acids
builidng blocks of proteins
how are proteins named
number of amino acids: di, polypeptide
what do amino acids do
controls an organism’s behavior and appearance, 20 different amino acid groups
hydrolysis
breaks molecule by adding water
condensation
joins molecules by removing water
saturated fats
C-C bonds, linear structure and easily stacks to form a solid at room temp
trans fats
C=C bonds, chemically linear structure and easily stacks to form a solid at room temp
unsaturated fats
C=C bonds, bent structure that do not easily stack, liquid at room temp
what does the cell membrane do
keeps the cell seperate from the external environment and regulates materials that are able to enter and leave the cell
explain the fluid mosiac model
lipids held together by cholesterols and proteins
lipids: act as a barrier to water
Cholesterols: add strength to lipid
membrane
Proteins: enable ions and water-soluble materials to enter the cell, give the cell identity and act as attachment sites
what is transport
the passing of materials from the fluid environment across the cell membrane to the cytoplasm
what is active transport
-transport of materials across the cell membrane using ATP
-low to high concentration
what is passive transport
-molecules enter a cell without the need of ATP
-high to low concentration
simple diffusion
moves lipid soluble (hydrophobic) materials across the cell membrane
facilitated diffusion/transport
moves water soluble (hydrophilic) materials across the cell membrane using transport proteins
