Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What statement is true of language?
A
It is rule based allowing for infinite number of utterances
2
Q
T/F: the melodic components of speech are often referred to as as sub segmental devices
A
False
3
Q
The sentence, “The cat answers the phone.” is a violation of what aspect of language?
A
Propositional meaning
4
Q
T/F: American Sign Language is not a true language.
A
False
5
Q
T/F: A free morpheme can also be called an affix
A
False
6
Q
T/F: During the one word stage, children exhibit greater speech accuracy in production of action words than object words.
A
False
7
Q
T/F: True narratives have central themes, multiple focused causal, and temporal chains.
A
True
8
Q
T/F: Effective speakers ignore their presuppositions in order to communicate clearly.
A
False
9
Q
“ba da na” is an example of what babbling
A
Variegated
10
Q
In semantic development, “mama” applying to all women is an example of:
A
Over-extension
11
Q
T/F: A diagnosis of specific language impairment may be given to a child with an acquired language impairment.
A
False
12
Q
T/F: Mental Age and Language Age are equivalent terms
A
False
13
Q
T/F: The relationship between cognition and language has not been clearly established
A
True
14
Q
What is the difference between language delay and language disorder?
A
Language delay suggests a normal sequence of development
15
Q
In what way does the vocabulary of a child with SLI differ from that of typically developing children?
A
Delay in using first word
16
Q
Applying a discrepancy model, which of the following students would be found eligible for special education services?
A
High IQ and low achievement
17
Q
what disability is most often associated with a learning disability?
A
SLI
18
Q
T/F: The term SLI is used more frequently before children enter school
A
True
19
Q
T/F: the majority of learning disabilities result from ongoing or newly diagnosed language impairment
A
True
20
Q
T/F: Professionals who work with children with specific learning disabilities tend to perceive and interpret language and learning disabilities in a similar fashion.
A
False
21
Q
which of the following statements is true of adolescents with language problems?
A
they are at risk for underemployment and under education
22
Q
how does the “form” of utterances change in typically developing adolescents?
A
Increases in length and complexity
23
Q
what does an adolescent who employs the same “register” when speaking to a teacher or friend have difficulty with?
A
Pragmatic use of language
24
Q
T/F: More adolescents with speech/language impairment drop out of school than adolescents with learning disorders.
A
false
25
T/F: approximately half of the children in a study of adolescent suicide also had learning disabilities.
true
26
What is to be able to talk and think about language
Metalinguistic
27
what is the way you talk and think about language?
Metacognitive
28
what are the three components of language?
Form, Content, and Use
29
What is under form
morphology, phonology, and syntax
30
what is under content
semantics
31
what is under use
pragmatics
32
does language evolve?
Yes language elves is it not static.
33
what is a complex and dynamic system of code of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for thought and communication.
language
34
what is any behavior or action for sending and receiving messages, information, ideas, or feelings
communication
35
what is the idea that words are conventionally connected to the things for which they stand? It is why things are called their names. like paper is called paper. it is what makes language arbitrary
conventionality
36
what is the idea that humans can combine words and sounds into new meaningful utterances (limited rules/infinite usage). This is why our language is so different because we can create an infinite amount of sentences
productivity
37
what is the human capacity to describe things not happening in the present (discontextualization); the characteristics of language of where we can talk about past/future, etc. example: learning to read (not happening right now)
displacement
38
what is the physical/oral (sensorimotor) expression/production of language? or what is the verbal expression of language through sound production?
speech
39
what makes sound good through the oral/nasal cavity
resonation
40
what makes sound using the teeth, tongue, jaw, etc
articulation
41
what does speech production require?
the neurological control of physical movements to create sound patterns.
42
what is paralinguistic?
stress, pitch, and intonation; the vocal elements (rising voice can mean a question)
43
what is nonlinguistic?
nonverbal communication; proxemics and gestures/facial expressions
44
what is metalinguistics?
analysis; the ability to think and talk about language; analysis language
45
what is phonology
speech sounds; the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations
46
what is phonetic restraints
rules about how we combine the sounds in our words. ex: we can't put "b" and "w" together
47
what are phonemes
speech sounds
48
what is morphology
word parts; the system that governs the structure of words and the construction of word forms.
49
what is inflectional morphology
modify world to change grammatical but doesn't change meaning (tense, gender) (only suffixes)
50
what is derivational morphology?
morphemes that involve new words with prefixes and suffixes (can change the word meaning) (teach to teacher)
51
what is syntax
sentence structure (word order); the system governing the order and combination of words to form sentences, and the relationships among the elements within a sentence.
52
what is semantics
meaning of words; the system that governs the meanings of words and sentences; relationships, categories, literal/figurative, etc.
53
what is pragmatics
use of language for social needs; the system that combines Theo there language components in functional and socially appropriate communication; socially driven rules of how we use language
54
what is the auditory-oral system?
listening and speaking
55
what is the visual-graphic system
reading and writing
56
what is the visual-gestural systems?
manual communication and AAC
57
what is stage 1 of prelinguistic vocal development
birth to 2 months; reflexive vocalizations
58
what is stage 2
2 to 4 months; cooing and laughter
59
what is stage 3
4 to 6 months; vocal play
60
what is stage 4
6 moths and older; canonical babbling
61
what is stage 5
10 months and older; jargon stage
62
what is used consistently in a specific context, with recognizable phonetic form
true words
63
what is semantic-syntactic development
18-16 months (2 years, 2 words); 50 words; increase in verbs and object class words; chained single-word utterances
64
what are temporal words
when things happen in space and time; before/after
65
what are deictic words
meaning that come from speakers perspective; ex: here and there
66
what is boot strapping
using your knowledge to pull up and gain information to new words; using other aspects of language
67
how many words do you have to have other start combining words
50
68
what are presuppositions?
they think you know what they are talking about
69
what are t-units
independent clause and any associated clauses analyzing written and spoken language
70
what is vocabulary breadth
adding new words
71
what is vocabulary depth
adding new words and meanings and nuanced
72
what is the use of registers
style of using language differently for different conversations (code switching)
73
what is when children learn about reading and writing at a very young age by watching and interacting with adults nano there children as they use literacy in everyday life activities.
emergent literacy
74
what is a language impairment that occurs in the absence of other developmental or neurological conditions, intellectual disabilities, or sensory impairments. it is often characterized by difficulties in acquiring and using language, particularly in morphology, syntax, semantics, and/or phonology
Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
75
what is a broader term encompassing persistent language difficulties that significantly impact everyday communication, social interactions, and academic progress. it does not require exclusionary criteria, recognizing that language impairments can coexist with other challenges, as long as language remains the primary area of concerns
Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)
76
what are some identifications of children with language impairments
Clinical markers for SLI ( maybe phenotypes), verb tense making development, nonword repetition tasks, sentence repetition/imitation tasks, sentence repetition/imitation tasks, identifying underlying langue problems, and stress/challenge language performance
77
Prevalence at 18-24 months
10-15%; fewer than 50 words; 2 years, 2 words, show signs of language delay
78
prevalence at 3 years of age
25-80%; of two year olds who were diagnosed; syntax and morpholgy
79
prevalence at 4 years
15-55%
80
prevalence at 5 years
75% will catch up and remain in low-normal range; 6 years can catch up but can fall behind again
81
what can be a strong predictor of academic success
narratives
82
what is reading the product of
word recognition or decoding and listening comprehension
83
what is not classified under Idea but can still get services from SLP
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
84
what is dyslexia considered?
specific learning disability; reading disorder
85
what is fronting
is a sound change in which a vowel or consonant becomes fronted, advanced or pronounced further to the front of the vocal tract than some reference point.
86
what is backing
the movement of the place of formation of a sound toward the back of the mouth.
87
what are form issues with sld
related to morphosyntactic and phonological components of language.
88
what are content issues with sld
relate to "meaning making" in terms of word knowledge, naming, and the comprehension of larger units of text including a consideration of background knowledge
89
what are use issues with sld
selected social-pragmatic patterns and connected text patterns; will have a indirect request and have trouble understanding sarcasm and jokes.
90
what are challenges with screening
cultural linguistic diversity, dialect differences, and adhd
91
what is the assessment process?
1. case history and referral process
2. standardized testing
3. informal and functional assessment
4. multidisplicanary collaboration
5. determining eligibility
92
what does empower stand for
Evaluate
Make a Plan
Organize
Work (write)
Evaluate (edit)
Rework
93
An adolescent who employs the same register when speaking to a teacher or friend has difficulties with?
Pragmatic use of language
94
which language sampling approaches is least appropriate for adolescents?
Interactive play
95
"Badamadaba" is an example of?
Variegated babbling
96
Using the discrepancy model which of the following would be eligible for special education services?
High IQ and low achievement/language
97
In semantic development, applying mama to all women is an example of
over-extensions
98
which include skills like basic reading and writing, engaging in contestations, and telling and writing simple stories
foundational literacy
99
what is the difference between language delay and language disorder
language delay suggests a normal sequence of development
100
neurological disability that is characterized by difficulty with word recognition, fluency, decoding, and spelling
dyslexia
101
decidits in the neural processing of auditory information, with no hearing loss
CAPD (Central Auditory Processing Disorder)
102
The ability to think about and analyze how we think, learn, and process information
Metacognition
103
Component of language includes learning to use past tense and plural markers
Morphology
104
Order the following stages of prelinguistic development from earliest to latest development: cooing and laughter, canonical babbling, reflexive vocalization, and vocal play
1. Reflexive vocalization
2. Cooing and laughter
3. Vocal play
4. Canonical babbling
105
A vocabulary of at least ____ words is the minimum prerequisite to beginning to combine two-word sentences
50 words
106
Norm reference test
a standardized test that compares a student to a reference sample
107
what does standardized mean
normal way to take a test
108
rti and mcss are they tiered systems?
yes
109
What does IDEA require for students?
IEP and FAPE (Free and appropriate education)
110
simple model of reading
decoding X listening comprehension = reading
111
what is literacy
a broad concept that goes beyond the acquisition of reading and writing
112
what is foundational literacy
includes skills like basic reading and writing, being able to engage in conversations, and telling and writing simple stories
113
what is content literacy
including learning to make predictions, form inferences, and read expository text
114
what is disciplinary literacies
include those language skills needed to access curricular information
115
what is language performance compared to expectations for child's mental (cognitive) age
mental age
116
what is language performance compared to expectations for child's CA
Chronological age
117
what is the degree of social value attached to verbal ability and aspects of performance linked to verbal ability (academic achievement and social relationships) and degree to which language problems therefore negatively affect achievement
social standard
118
identifying underlying language problems
stress/challenge language performance
119
