Test 1 Flashcards
eponym
term used for anything that is derived from the name of a person
ex) Alzheimer’s, Proteus
Loan word
Latin or Greek word that has been adopted into english without spelling changes
ex) apex, genesis, cancer
Derivative
Like a loan word (taken from another language) but the spelling is changed
ex) arteria -> artery
compound word
terms created by joining word elements together
word elements
prefixes, roots, suffixes
inflection
changing the grammatical function of a word by adding different endings
ex) digitus, digiti, digitorum
root
fundamental part of a greek or latin word that shows its basic meaning
- separable from the inflectional endings
- derived by moving the last vowel and consonant
combining vowel
used to join a root to another root or a root to a suffix
- commonly “o” and “i”
ex) HYDR- (root) + O (combining vowel) + PHOB- (root) + IA (suffix) = hydrophobia
combining from
root with a combining vowel
(the meaning of the root is unchanged by adding a combining vowel)
ex) cerebell/i
elision
the omission of a letter from a word element in order to make the word easier to pronounce
ex) endO + A rteri + al = endarterial
assimilation
change of the last letter of roots in response to the first letter of the root they are attached to
ex) diS+Fusate= disFFusate
syN+Pathy= syMPathy
etymology
the study of the history of a word
semantics
the study of the meanings of words
singular ending
-a
plural ending
-ae
ex) vertebra, vertebrae
singular ending
-ax (-ex, -ix)
plural ending
-aces, (-ices)
ex) thorax (apex, forinx), thoraces (apices, forinces)
singular ending
-en
plural ending
-ina
ex) foramen, foramina
singular ending
-is
plural ending
-es
ex) diagnosis, diagnoses
singular ending
-itis
plural ending
-itides
ex) arthritis, arthritides
singular ending
-ons (-ens, -ans)
plural ending
-ontes (-entes, -antes)
ex) pons (dens, albicans), pontes (dentes, albicantes)
singular ending
-oma
plural ending
-omata
ex) neuroma, neuromata
singular ending
-on
plural ending
-a
ex) phenomenon, phenomena
singular ending
-um
plural ending
-a
ex) brachium, brachia
singular ending
-us
plural ending
-i
ex) fungus, fungi
A-
An-
not, without
Amphi-
Ampho-
around about, both, both sides, in two ways
Ana-
Ano-
upward, back, against, again
Anti-
against, opposed to
Apo-
away/apart from, derived from
Di-
twice, double, two
Dia‐
through, across
Dicho‐
in two, twofold
Dys-
difficult, painful, faulty
Ec-, ek-, ex-
out of, outside
Ecto-
on the outside
En-, em-
in, within
Endo-, ento-
within
Epi-, eph-
upon, on
Eso-
inward, within
Eu-
well, normal, good
Exo-
outside of, outward
Hemi-
half, partly
Hyper-
above, beyond, excessive
Hypo-
under, below, deficient
Kata-, cata-, vat-
down, downward, against, complete, (intensive)
Meta-, met-
after, beyond, change
Opistho-
behind, backward
Pali-, palin-
again, once more, backward
Para-
alongside, beyond, opposite; abnormal
Peri-
around
Pro-
before, in front of, forward
Pros-
toward, in addition, near
Proso-
forward, before
Syn-, sym-
together, with
A-, ab-
away/apart from
Ad-, af-
toward, to, near
Ambi-
around, on both sides, both, twofold
Ante-
before
Bi-, bin-
twice, two, double, twofold
Circum-
around
Con-, col-, com-, co-, cor-
with, together, complete
Contra-
against, opposite
De-
down from, from, not
Demi-
half, part
Dis-, dif-
apart from, separate
Ec-, ex-, ek-
out of, off
Extra-, extro-
outside, beyond
In-, im, il, ir
into, in, against, not
Infra-
below, lower
Inter-
between
Intra-
within, during
Intro-
within, inward
Intus-
within
Juxta-
beside, near to
Non-
not, without
Ob-, oc-, op-
against, in the way, facing
Per-
through, throughout, (intensive)
Post-
after-, behind-
Prae-, pre-
before, in front of
Pro-
before, in front of, forth
Re-
again, back, (intensive)
Retro-
backward, behind
Se-
aside, apart from
Semi-
half
Super-
over, above, excessive
Sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sur-
under, below, less than normal
Supra-
above, upon
Trans-
across, through
Ultra-
beyond, excessive
-ac, -ic, -tic
pertaining to
-ize
to do; to become; to use; to engage in
-a, -esis, -ia, -iasis, -ism, -osis, -sia
state or condition
-iac
one who is afflicted with
-id, -oid, -ode
like, resembling, in the form of
-ides, -idae, -ida
descended from
-in, -ine
substance, typically a chemical or hormone
-ist
person interested in; a practitioner who specializes in
-ite
belonging to, the nature of
-itis
inflammation
-ium
tissue or part of the body
-oma
tumor
-y
state or condition of, the act of
-aceous, -aneous, -eous
made of, having the quality of, full of
-al, -ar, -eal, -ile
pertaining to
-ans/-ant, -ens/-ent, -iens/-ient
*sc + ant, ient, ent
translated -ing added to the verb
*becoming added to the verb + ing
-ble, -ile
ability to
-id
in a state or conditon of
-lent, -ose
full of
-ary, -ory
pertaining to; (also forms an noun) place of
-ad
indicates direction toward a part of the body
-ate
to make, to cause, to act upon; (also forms an adjective) having the form of, possessing
-tia, -ce, -ity, -tude
state or condition of
-cle, -il, -ole, -ule, -uncle
diminutive (little)
-ian
thing or person performing an action; practitioner of
-ion, -ment, -ure
action; condition resulting from an action
-or
something (usually a muscle) that performs and action; quality of condition
corpor/o
body
part/o
part
cavit/o
cavity
organ/o
organ
encephal/o
-encephalon
brain
cord/o
heart
pulm/o
pulmon/o
lung
helap/o
hepar/o
liver
gastr/o
-gaster
stomach, belly
intenstin/o
intestine
vesic/o
bladder, sac, vesicle
ren/o
kidney
cut/o
cutane/o
skin
glandul/o
glandule, gland
arteri/o
artery
ven/o
vein
vas/o
vascul/o
vessel (carrying fluids)
oss/o
bone
muscul/o
muscle; mouse
nerv/o
nerve
capit/o
cipit/o
-ciput
-ceps
head
crani/o
cranium, skull
faci/o
face, surface
ocul/o
eye
*aur/o
ear
nas/o
nose
or/o
mouth
bucc/o
cheek
*ment/o
chin
occipit/o
back of cranium, occiput
sincipit/o
front of cranium, sinciput
vertic/o
crown of the cranium, summit
front/o
forehead, front
coll/o
neck
cervic/o
-cervix
neck
trunc/o
trunk, cut off
thorac/o
-thorax
thorax
pector/o
chest
dors/o
back
abdomin/o
abdomen
inguin/o
groin
pelv/o
pelvis
cingul/o
girdle
membr/o
limb
axill/o
armpit, axillia
brachi/o
upper arm, brachium, arm-like process
cubit/o
elbow
antebrachi/o
forearm
man/o
hand
*carp/o
wrist
metacarp/o
metacarpus
palm/o
palm of the hand
vol/o
palm of the hand
digit/o
finger, toe
pollic/o
thumb
*nat/o
buttocks, nates
clun/o
buttocks, clunes
cox/o
hip
femor/o
thigh, femur bone
*gen/o
knee
poplit/o
hollow of the knee, poples
crur/o
leg, leg-like part
sur/o
calf
*ped/o
foot
tars/o
ankle, flat of the foot, edge of the eyelid
*calc/o
heel
metatars/o
metatarsus
hallic/o
halluc/o
big toe
plant/o
sole (of foot), sprout or cutting, plant
somat/o
som/o
-some
body
*mer/o
-mer
-mere
part, partial
coel/o
*cel/o
celi/o
-coele
*-cele
cavity, abdomen
cardi/o
heart
pneum/o
pneumon/o
lung
enter/o
intestine (usually the small intestine)
nephr/o
kidney
cyst/o
bladder, sac, cyst
aden/o
gland
derm/o
dermat/o
-derm
skin
my/o
myos/o
mys/o
muscle, mouse
oste/o
bone
neur/o
nerve
phleb/o
vein
angi/o
vessel
cephal/o
head
metop/o
forehead
prosop/o
face
rhin/o
-rhine
nose
ophthalm/o
-opthalmus
eye
ot/o
ear
stomat/o
stom/o
mouth, outlet, opening
*mel/o
cheek
geni/o
chin
trachel/o
neck, cervix
*mel/o
limb
maschal/o
armpit
olecran/o
elbow
ancon/o
elbow
cheir/o
chir/o
hand
dactyl/o
-dactyl
finger or toe
lapar/o
abdomen
pyg/o
buttocks
glut/o
buttock
ischi/o
hip, ischium bone
*mer/o
thigh
gony/o
gonat/o
knee
knem/o
cnem/o
lower leg
ptern/o
heel
pod/o
-pus
-pod
foot, foot-like structure, stalk
sinistr/o
left
*lev/o
left
dextr/o
right
later/o
side
medi/o
middle
exter/o
external/o
extrem/o
outside, outermost
intern/o
within, inside
dors/o
back
ventr/o
belly, abdomen, cavity
rostr/o
snout, beak
caud/o
tail, tail-like
proxim/o
nearest (to a given part or center of body)
dist/o
farthest (from a given part of the center of the body)
coron/o
on the coronal suture of the skull, crown, circular, coronary arteries
sagitt/o
on or parallel to the sagittal suture of the skull, arrow
anter/o
front, anterior
poster/o
behind, posterior
super/o
above, superior
infer/o
below, inferior
